repo_id
stringclasses
563 values
file_path
stringlengths
40
166
content
stringlengths
1
2.94M
__index_level_0__
int64
0
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/guides/account-maps.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Account Maps | Solana Cookbook</title><meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.d79562dd.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.61224aa4.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html#deriving-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deriving PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deriving PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html#single-map-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Single Map Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Single Map Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="account-maps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-maps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Maps</h1><p>Map들은 우리가 프로그래밍에서 <strong>key</strong>를 어떤 종류의 <strong>value</strong>와 연관시키기 위해 자주 사용하는 데이터 구조들입니다. key와 value는 임의의 타입이 될 수 있고 key는 저장할 value를 위한 식별자로써 기능할 수 있습니다. 그러면, 주어진 key들은 우리가 이 value들을 효율적으로 insert, retrieve 그리고 update 할 수 있게 해줍니다.</p><p>우리가 알고 있듯이, Solana의 Account 모델은 Program Data와 이것과 관련있는 다른 Account들에 저장될 상태 데이터를 요구합니다. 이러한 Account들은 Address를 갖고 있습니다. 이것은 자체적으로 Map으로 동작합니다. Solana의 Account 모델에 대한 더 자세한 내용은 <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>에서 확인 할 수 있습니다.</p><p>그래서, 이제 <strong>key</strong>가 되는 Account의 address를 가지고 나누어진 Account들에 <strong>values</strong>를 저장하고, 가져오는 것을 이해할 것입니다. 그러나 이것은 다음과 같은 몇 가지 이슈들을 야기합니다.</p><ul><li>위에서 언급된 address들은 아마도 이상적인 <strong>keys</strong>가 될 수는 없습니다. 이것들은 당신이 기억할 수 없고 원하는 값을 가져올 수 없습니다.</li></ul><p>다른 <strong>Keypairs</strong>의 public key들로 언급된 Address들에서, 각 public key (or <em>address</em>)는 연관된 <strong>private key</strong> 또한 갖고 있습니다. 이 private key는 필요할때 instruction들에 서명하기 위해 요구될 것입니다. 이것은 우리가 private key를 어딘가에 저장해야 하는 것을 의미하며 이것은 완전히 추천되지 <strong>않는</strong> 방식입니다.</p><p>이것은 Program들에 <code>Map</code>과 같은 로직을 구현하는 데 문제가 있고, 많은 Solana 개발자들이 당면하고 있습니다. 우리가 이 문제를 어떻게 할지 몇 가지 방법을 살펴 봄시다.</p><h2 id="deriving-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deriving-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deriving PDAs</h2><p>PDA는 <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 의미하는 줄임말이고, seeds들의 집합으로부터 <strong>비롯된</strong> Address들이며, Program id(or <em>address</em>)입니다.</p><p>PDA들에 관해 유니크한 것은 이들 Address들은 어떤 private key와도 연관되어 있지 않다는 것입니다. 이것은 Address들이 ED25519 곡선에 놓여 있지 않기 때문입니다. 이런 이유로, 오직 이 <em>address</em> 를 구한 program만이 key를 가지고 instruction에 서명할 수 있습니다. 이 key 또한 제공된 seeds입니다. 더 자세한 내용은 <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>에 있습니다.</p><p>우리는 이제 PDA들이 무엇인지 알았습니다. PDA들을 사용해 몇 가지 Account들을 맵핑 해봅시다. 우리는 어떻게 구현되는지 설명하기 위해 <strong>Blog</strong> Program에 대한 한 예제를 살펴볼 것입니다.</p><p>이 Blog Program에서 우리는 각 <code>User</code>가 하나의 <code>Blog</code>를 갖도록 하고 싶습니다. 이 blog는 여러개의 <code>Posts</code>를 가질 수 있습니다. 이것은 우리가 각 user를 하나의 blog에 <strong>맵핑</strong>하고 각 post는 특정 blog에 <strong>맵핑</strong>된다는 것을 의미합니다.</p><p>요약하면, user와 그/그녀의 blog 사이에는 <code>1:1</code> 맵핑 관계가 있고, 하나의 blog와 이것의 posts 에는 <code>1:N</code> 맵핑 관계가 있습니다.</p><p><code>1:1</code> 맵핑 관게를 위해서, 우리는 blog의 address가 <strong>오직</strong> blog의 사용자로부터 만들어지길 원합니다. 이것은 blog의 authority (or <em>user</em>)가 주어졌을 때, 하나의 blog를 가져오는 것을 가능하게 합니다. 이런 이유로, blog의 seeds는 blog의 <strong>authority&#39;s key</strong> 로 구성될 것이고, 타입 식별자로써 기능하기 위해 가능하면 **&quot;blog&quot;**라는 prefix를 가지도록 구성될 것입니다.</p><p><code>1:N</code> 맵핑 관계를 위해서, 우리는 각 post의 address가 <strong>오직</strong> 연관된 blog로부터만 만들어지길 원하지 <strong>않고</strong>, 또 다른 <strong>식별자</strong>로부터 함께 만들어지길 원합니다. 이 식별자는 우리가 blog에서 <code>N</code> 개의 post들을 구별할 수 있게 해줍니다. 아래의 예제에서 각 post의 address는 각 post를 식별하기 위해 <strong>blog&#39;s key</strong>와 하나의 <strong>slug</strong>, 그리고 타입 식별자로써 기능하기 위한 **&quot;post&quot;**라는 prefix로부터 만들어집니다.</p><p>코드는 아래와 같습니다.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Content or Title.&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: InitBlog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: CreatePost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Instruction&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Data&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account not Writable&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Client 영역에서, 당신은 <code>Blog</code>와 <code>Post</code> Account address를 얻기 위해 <code>PublicKey.findProgramAddress()</code>를 사용할 수 있습니다. 당신은 Account Data를 가져오기 위해 이 Address를 <code>connection.getAccountInfo()</code>로 넘길 수 있습니다. 아래는 그 예제입니다.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authorityPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;postCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="single-map-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#single-map-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Single Map Account</h2><p>맵핑을 구현하는 또 다른 방법은 하나의 Account안에 명확히 저장되는 <code>BTreeMap</code> 데이터 구조입니다. 이 Account의 Address는 자체적으로 PDA일 수 있고, 또는 생성된 Keypair의 public key일 수도 있습니다.</p><p>Account들을 맵핑하는 이 방법은 아래 이유들로 이상적이진 않습니다.</p><ul><li><p>당신은 필요한 key-value 쌍들을 넣기 전에, 먼저 <code>BTreeMap</code>을 저장하는 Account를 초기화 해야 할 것입니다. 그러면, 당신은 이 Account의 주소를 또 어딘가에 저장해야 할 것입니다.</p></li><li><p>하나의 Account는 <strong>10 megabytes</strong> 최대 사이즈의 메모리 제한이 있습니다. 이것은 <code>BTreeMap</code>을 많은 수의 key-value 쌍들을 저장할 수 없게 만듭니다.</p></li></ul><p>이런 이유로, 당신의 케이스를 고려한 후 아래의 방법을 사용하세요.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;instruction_data: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initializing map!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Inserting entry!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -&gt; blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid MapAccount account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account already has entry in Map&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>위 프로그램을 테스트하기 위한 Client 영역의 코드는 아래와 같습니다.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;is_initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_a&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_b&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;blogs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MapData: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Get Program Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.dfc1f9ed.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.05c9c5aa.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#filters" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="filters"><!--[--><!--]--> filters <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#dataslice" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="dataSlice"><!--[--><!--]--> dataSlice <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="get-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Program Accounts</h1><p>RPC method는 프로그램에 의해 소유된 모든 Account들을 반환한다. 현재 pagination은 지원하지 않습니다. <code>getProgramAccounts</code> 요청은 응답 시간을 향상시키고 의도된 결과만을 반환하기 위해 <code>dataSlice</code> 그리고/또는 <code>filters</code> 파라미터를 포함해야 합니다.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Parameters</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - 질의할 Program의 Pubkey, base58 인코딩 문자열</li><li>(optional) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - 아래의 optional field들을 포함하는 Configuration 파라미터들 <ul><li>(optional) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">State commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(optional) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Account Data에 대한 인코딩, either: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code>, or <code>jsonParsed</code>. 주의, web3js 사용자는 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 사용해야 한다.</li><li>(optional) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - 반환되는 Account Data에 대한 제한 설정 <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - 반환을 시작할 Account Data 바이트 숫자</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - 반환할 Account Data의 바이트 수</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - 아래의 filter 객체들을 사용하는 Filter 결과들 <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - 일련의 바이트와 Account Data의 비교: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - 비교를 시작할 Account Data 바이트 숫자</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - 비교할 Data, 129 bytes 제한되며 base58 인코딩 된 문자열</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - Account Data의 길이와 데이터 사이즈의 비교</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - 결과를 포장할 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="response" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#response" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Response</h5><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>는 기본적으로 아래의 구조를 갖는 JSON 객체들을 담고 있는 배열을 반환합니다.</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - Account pubkey, base58 인코딩 된 문자열</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - 아래의 서브 속성들을 갖고 있는 JSON 객체 <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, Account에 할당된 lamports의 수</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, base58 인코딩 되어 Account에 할당된 Program의 pubkey</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - Account와 연관된 데이터, 인코딩 파라미터로 넘어온 값에 따라 인코딩 된 binary data 또는 JSON 형식</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, Account가 Program을 포함하는지에 대한 표시</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, Account가 rent 지불할 다음 epoch</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>는 Program이 소유한 모든 Account들을 리턴하는 다재다능한 RPC method 입니다. 우리는 아래와 같이 몇 가지 유용한 쿼리를 위해 <code>getProgramAccounts</code>를 사용할 수 있습니다.</p><ul><li>특정 지갑에 대한 모든 Token Account들 조회</li><li>특정 mint에 대한 모든 Token Account들 조회 (i.e. All <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> holders)</li><li>특정 Program에 대한 모든 custom Account들 조회 (i.e. All <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> users)</li></ul><p>이렇게 유용함에도 불구하고, <code>getProgramAccounts</code>는 현재 제약사항들 때문에 자주 오해받습니다. <code>getProgramAccounts</code>에 의해 지원되는 많은 쿼리들은 대량의 데이터 셋을 스캔하기 위해 RPC 노드들을 요구합니다. 이런 스캔 작업들은 메모리와 자원 집중적이다. 결과적으로, 너무 자주 혹은 너무 크게 호출하는 것은 connection timeout을 야기할 수 있습니다. 뿐만 아니라, 이 글을 쓰는 시점에는, <code>getProgramAccounts</code>의 endpoint는 pagination을 지원하지 않습니다. 만약 쿼리의 결과가 너무 크다면, 응답 값은 잘릴 것입니다.</p><p>현재의 이런 제약사항들을 피하기 위해서, <code>getProgramAccounts</code>는 몇 가지 유용한 파라미터들을 제공합니다: <code>dataSlice</code>, <code>filters</code>, <code>memcpm</code> 그리고 <code>dataSize</code>. 이 파라미터들을 조합해 인자로 넘김으로써, 우리가 쿼리 할 영역을 관리 가능하고 예측 가능한 크기로 줄일 수 있습니다.</p><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>의 흔한 예제는 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>과 통신하는 것입니다. <a href="/kr/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">basic call</a>을 가지고 Token Program이 소유한 모든 Account를 요청하는 것은 막대한 양의 데이터를 호출하게 될 것입니다. 그러나, 파라미터들을 이용함으로써 우리는 효과적으로 우리가 사용하고자 하는 데이터만 요청할 수 있습니다.</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>를 사용하기 위한 가장 흔한 파라미터는 <code>filters</code> array다. 이 array에는 <code>dataSize</code>와 <code>memcmp</code> 두 가지 타입의 필터가 들어갈 수 있습니다. 이 필터들을 이용하기 전에, 우리가 요청하고 있는 데이터들이 어떻게 놓여있고 직렬화되는지에 대해 익숙해져야 합니다.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>Token Program의 경우, 우리는 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token Account가 165 bytes의 길이<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 가진다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 구체적으로, Token Account는 각각 예측 가능한 bytes 수를 요구하는 8개의 다른 필드들을 가지고 있습니다. 우리는 아래의 그림을 통해 이 데이터가 어떻게 놓여있는지 확인할 수 있습니다.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>만약 우리가 우리의 지갑 Address가 소유한 모든 Token Account들을 알고 싶다면, 우리는 정확히 165 bytes 길이인 Account들에 대해 쿼리 영역을 좁게 만드는 <code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code>를 <code>filters</code> array에 추가할 수 있을 것입니다. 그러나 이것만으로는 충분하지 않습니다. 우리는 또한 우리의 Addres가 소유한 Account들을 찾는 필터를 추가할 필요가 있습니다. 우리는 이것을 <code>memcmp</code> 필터를 통해 할 수 있습니다.</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p><code>memcmp</code> 필터 혹은 &quot;메모리 비교&quot; 필터는 우리의 Account에 저장된 어떤 속성에 있는 데이터를 비교할 수 있게 해 줍니다. 구체적으로, 우리는 특정 포지션에 있는 특정 bytes 집합에 맞춰 Account들을 질의할 수 있다. <code>memcmp</code>는 두 가지 인자를 요구합니다:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: 데이터 비교를 시작할 위치. 이 위치는 bytes로 측정되며 integer로 표현됩니다.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: Account의 데이터와 매칭 되어야 하는 데이터. 이것은 base-58로 인코딩 된 문자열로 표현되며 129 bytes 이하로 제한됩니다.</li></ul><p><code>memcmp</code>는 <code>bytes</code>가 정확히 매칭 된 경우에만 결과를 반환한다는 사실을 아는 것이 중요합니다. 현재, 우리가 제공할 <code>bytes</code>보다 크거나 작은 값에 대한 비교는 지원하지 않습니다.</p><p>Token Program 예제와 함께 계속해서, 우리는 우리의 지갑 Address가 소유한 Token Account들만 반환하도록 쿼리를 고칠 수 있습니다. Token Account를 봤을 때, 우리는 Token Account에 저장된 처음 두 필드가 모두 pubkey라는 것과, 각 pubkey는 32 bytes 길이인 것을 알 수 있습니다. <code>owner</code>가 두 번째 필드인 것을 고려하면, 우리는 <code>memcmp</code>를 <code>offset</code> 32 bytes에서 시작해야합니다. 여기서부터, 우리는 owner 필드가 우리의 지갑 Address와 매칭되는 Account들을 찾을 것입니다.</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>우리는 아래의 예제를 통해 이 쿼리를 호출할 수 있습니다.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;uiAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Amount: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1.0 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3.0 */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;jsonParsed&quot;, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 32, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output: </span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;parsed&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;info&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;isNative&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;mint&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;state&quot;: &quot;initialized&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;tokenAmount&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;amount&quot;: &quot;998999999000000000&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;decimals&quot;: 9,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmount&quot;: 998999999,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmountString&quot;: &quot;998999999&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;type&quot;: &quot;account&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;program&quot;: &quot;spl-token&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;space&quot;: 165</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>위 두 개의 필터 파라미터 밖에, <code>getProgramAccounts</code>의 세 번쨰로 흔한 파라미터는 <code>dataSlice</code>입니다. <code>filters</code> 파라미터와 다르게 <code>dataSlice</code>는 쿼리에 의해 반환되는 Account들의 수를 줄이지는 않을 것입니다. 대신에, <code>dataSlice</code>는 각 Account의 데이터 양을 제한할 것입니다.</p><p><code>memcmp</code>와 유사하게, <code>dataSlice</code>는 아래의 두 개의 인자를 받습니다:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Account Data 반환을 시작할 위치 (in number of bytes)</li><li><code>length</code>: 반환되어야 하는 bytes의 개수</li></ul><p><code>dataSlice</code>는 우리가 실제 Account Data 자체에는 신경 쓰지 않는 큰 데이터 셋에 쿼리를 요청할 때 특히 유용합니다. 예로, 우리는 특정 Token mint에 대한 Token Accounts(i.e. Token 보유자의 수)들의 수를 알고 싶은 경우입니다.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice the empty &lt;Buffer &gt; at acccount.data) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:#?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf: [ ( tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 319, }, ), ( CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ( Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ] */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for &quot;base58&quot;, &quot;base64&quot; or &quot;base64+zstd&quot;</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;base64&quot;, &quot;dataSlice&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;length&quot;: 0 }, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output:</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>세 가지 파라미터(<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code>, and <code>memcmp</code>)들을 조합함으로써 우리는 질의할 영역을 제한할 수 있고 우리가 관심 있는 데이터만 효과적으로 리턴할 수 있습니다.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Accounts are an essential building block for developing on Solana. Learn about Accounts and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Accounts are an essential building block for developing on Solana. Learn about Accounts and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.8e89eb52.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.d16b618e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#account-model" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Model"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Model <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#rent" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Rent"><!--[--><!--]--> Rent <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html#credit" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Credit"><!--[--><!--]--> Credit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><p>Solana에서 Account는 상태를 저장하기 위해 사용됩니다.<br> Account는 Solana에서 개발을 위한 가장 필수적인 구성 요소입니다.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Account는 데이터를 저장하기 위해 사용됩니다.</li><li>각 Account는 유일한 address를 갖고 있습니다.</li><li>Account는 10MB의 최대 크기를 가집니다.</li><li>PDA Account는 10KB의 최대 크기를 가집니다.</li><li>PDA Account는 Program을 대신해 서명하기 위해 사용될 수 있습니다.</li><li>Account 크기는 생성 시점에 고정됩니다. 하지만 <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#how-to-change-account-size" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">realloc<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>을 사용해서 조정될 수 있습니다.</li><li>Account 데이터 저장은 rent라는 비용이 발생합니다.</li><li>기본적으로 Account의 소유자는 System Program입니다.</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><h3 id="account-model" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-model" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Model</h3><p>솔라나에는 3가지 종류의 Accounts가 있습니다:</p><ul><li>Data Account는 데이터를 저장합니다.</li><li>Program Account는 실행 가능한 프로그램들을 저장합니다.</li><li>Native Account는 솔라나에 있는 System, Stake, Vote 같은 Native 프로그램입니다.</li></ul><p>Data Account에는 2가지 타입이 있습니다:</p><ul><li>System이 소유한 Account</li><li>PDA (Program Derived Address) Account</li></ul><p>각 Account는 주소(보통 public key)와 소유자(프로그램 Account의 주소)를 갖고 있습니다.<br> 한 Account가 저장하는 전체 필드 리스트는 아래와 같습니다.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>Account가 소유하고 있는 lamport의 개수</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>Account를 소유하고 있는 Program</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>Account가 Instruction들을 처리할 수 있는지 여부</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>Account가 저장한 byte array 원본 데이터</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>Account가 rent를 할 다음 epoch</td></tr></tbody></table><p>ownership에 대한 중요한 몇 가지 규칙이 있습니다.:</p><ul><li>Data Account의 소유자만 오직 이 Account의 데이터를 수정할 수 있고, lamports를 인출할 수 있습니다.</li><li>누구나 Data Account에 lamports들을 입금할 수 있습니다.</li><li>Account의 소유자는 이 Account의 데이터가 비어있다면 새로운 소유자에게 이 Account를 할당할 수 있습니다.</li></ul><p>Program Account는 상태를 저장하지 않습니다.</p><p>예를 들어, 만약 counter를 증가시킬 수 있는 counter program을 가지고 있다면, 두 개의 Account를 생성해야 합니다.<br> 하나는 Program의 Code를 저장하는 Account이고, 다른 하나는 counter 데이터를 저장하는 Account입니다.</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.5b70d95a.jpeg" alt=""></p><p>Account가 삭제되는 것을 막기 위해서는 rent를 지불해야 합니다.</p><h3 id="rent" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rent" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rent</h3><p>Account에 데이터를 저장하는 것은 메인넷에 SOL 비용을 발생시키고, rent라고 불리는 것에 의해 걷어집니다.<br> 만약 한 Account에 2년 치의 rent 지불과 동등한 balance를 유지한다면, Account는 rent를 지불하는 것이 면제됩니다.<br> Account 사용을 마치면 rent를 되찾을 수 있고 lamports를 지갑에 보낼 수 있습니다.</p><p>Rent는 두 가지 타이밍에 지불됩니다:</p><ol><li>Transaction에 의해 참조될 때</li><li>매 epoch 마다</li></ol><p>A percentage of rent collected by accounts is destroyed, while the rest is distributed to vote accounts at the end of every slot.</p><p>만약 Account가 rent를 지불하기 위한 충분한 lamports를 갖고 있지 않다면, Account는 할당 해제되며 데이터는 지워집니다.</p><p>새로운 Account들은 rent 면제되도록 하는 것이 중요합니다.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Account Model<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip/status/1452402100470644739" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pencilflip account thread<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h3 id="credit" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#credit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Credit</h3><p>This core concept is credited to Pencilflip. <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=pencilflip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Follow him on Twitter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | PDAs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | PDAs"><meta name="description" content="PDAs are home to accounts that are designed to be controlled by a specific program. Learn about PDAs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="PDAs are home to accounts that are designed to be controlled by a specific program. Learn about PDAs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.360db77f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.6cdffc98.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html#generating-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generating PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Generating PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html#interacting-with-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="program-derived-addresses-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-derived-addresses-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)</h1><p>Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)는 특정 Program에 의해 작동되도록 설계된 Account들입니다. Program들은 PDA들을 통해 Private Key 없이 특정 Addresse에 대해 서명할 수 있습니다. PDA는 Solana App이 다른 App들과 함께 구성될 수 있도록 하는 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 위한 기반으로써의 기능을 합니다.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>PDAs are 32 byte strings that look like public keys, but don’t have corresponding private keys</li><li>PDA는 Public Key 처럼 보이는 32 byte의 String 이지만, 대응되는 Private Key는 없습니다.</li><li><code>findProgramAddress</code>는 programId와 seeds(collection of bytes) 값으로부터 정확한 PDA를 조회할 것입니다.</li><li>bump (one byte) 는 ed25519 타원 곡선에서 잠재적인 PDA를 밀어내는 데 사용됩니다.</li><li>Program은 seeds와 bump 값을 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>에 제공해서 PDA들에 서명할 수 있습니다.</li><li>PDA는 자신을 만든 Program에 의해서만 서명될 수 있습니다.</li><li>PDA는 Program이 다른 Instruction들에 서명하도록 하는 것 뿐만 아니라, <a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="">indexing accounts</a>를 위한 hashmap과 같은 interface 또한 제공합니다.</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>PDA는 Solana에서 Program들을 개발하기 위한 필수적인 구성 요소입니다. Program들은 PDA들을 가지고 Account들에 서명할 수 있고, 다른 사용자들이 같은 Account에 유효한 서명을 만들 수 없다는 것을 보장합니다. 어떤 Program들은 Account들에 서명하는 것과 더불어 그들의 PDA들에 의해 만들어진 Account들을 수정할 수도 있습니다.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.c3a79f80.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">Image courtesy of <a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="generating-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generating-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generating PDAs</h3><p>PDA에 대한 개념을 이해하기 위해서, PDA는 기술적으로 창조된 것이 아니라 발견된 것이라고 생각하는 것이 좀 더 도움이 될 수 있습니다. PDA들은 seed (문자열 <code>“vote_account”</code>와 같은)들과 Program ID의 조합으로 만들어집니다. 그러고 나서, 이 seed들과 Program ID의 조합은 ed25519 타원 곡선 상에서 Public Key를 만들어내는지 여부를 확인하기 위해 sha256 해시 함수로 보내집니다.</p><p>Program ID와 seeds를 해시 함수로 돌리는 동안, 타원 곡선상에 있는 유효한 Public Key를 50% 확률로 발견합니다. 이런 경우, 우리는 input 값들을 조금 다르게 하기 위해 단순히 어떤 값을 추가합니다. 이 작업을 위해 추가하는 것의 기술적인 용어는 bump입니다. 솔라나에서 bump 값은 255로 시작해서 bum=254, bump=253, etc... 와 같이 타원 곡선 상에 존재하지 않는 Address를 얻을 때까지 단순하게 값을 하나씩 내리며 반복합니다. 이것은 초보적으로 보일지 모르지만, 일단 한번 발견되면 확실히 우리는 같은 PDA를 계속해서 얻을 수 있습니다.</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.7c0b9307.png" alt="PDA on the ellipitic curve"></p><h3 id="interacting-with-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#interacting-with-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Interacting with PDAs</h3><p>PDA가 생성됐을 때, <code>findProgramAddress</code>는 Address를 타원 곡선 밖으로 보내기 위해 사용되도록 Address와 bump 값을 반환할 것입니다. 이 bump 값으로 무장한 Program은 PDA를 요구하는 어떤 Instruction에도 <a href="/kr/references/accounts.html#sign-with-a-pda" class="">sign</a>할 수 있습니다. 서명을 위해 Program들은 Instruction들과 Account들의 목록 그리고 <code>invoked_signed</code>하기 위해 PDA를 얻기 위한 seeds와 bump값들을 보내야 합니다. PDA들은 Instuction에 서명하는 것과 더불어 <code>invoke_signed</code>를 통해 자신의 생성을 위한 서명도 해야 합니다.</p><p>PDA들을 만들 때, Account Data 자체적으로 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">store the bump seed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 하는 것은 흔한 방법입니다. 이것은 개발자들이 bump를 Instruction 인자로써 전송하지 않고 쉽게 PDA를 검증하도록 해줍니다.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Program Derived Addresses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/core-concepts/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programs"><meta name="description" content="Programs (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Programs (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.12722776.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.3f12c384.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL)"><!--[--><!--]--> Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#writing-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#deploying-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deploying Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deploying Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programs</h1><p>어떤 개발자든 Solana 블록체인에 Program을 작성하고 배포할 수 있습니다. Program(다른 프로토콜들에서 smart contract로 알려진)들은 DeFi, NFTs부터 소셜 미디어와 게임까지 모든 것을 가능하게 하는 on-chain 활동을 위한 기반 역할을 수행합니다.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Program은 사용자나 다른 Program으로부터 받은 <a href="./transactions">instructions</a>을 처리합니다.</li><li>모든 Program들은 상태를 보존하지 않습니다. 즉, Program들이 사용하는 모든 데이터는 Instruction들을 거쳐 분리된 <a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">Account</a>들로 보내집니다.</li><li>Program 그 자체는 <code>executable</code> 표시된 Account에 저장됩니다.</li><li>모든 Program은 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>에 의해 소유되고 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>에 의해 실행됩니다.</li><li>개발자들은 보통 Rust나 C++로 Program을 작성합니다. 하지만, <a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> backend로 빌드되는 어떤 언어도 선택 가능합니다.</li><li>모든 Program은 Instruction 처리가 일어나는 단일 entry point를 갖고 있습니다.(i.e. <code>process_instructio</code>);<br> 아래는 항상 포함되는 파라미터들입니다. <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>대부분의 다른 블록체인들과 다르게, Solana는 데이터와 코드를 완벽하게 분리합니다. Program이 상호 작용하는 모든 데이터들은 분리된 Account들에 저장되며, Instruction들을 거쳐 호출됩니다. 이러한 모델은 단일 Generic Program이 추가적인 배포 없이 다양한 Account들을 거쳐 동작하는 것을 가능하게 합니다. 이러한 패턴의 흔한 예는 Native와 SPL Program 들에서 볼 수 있습니다.</p><h3 id="native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL)</h3><p>Solana는 on-chain 상호 작용을 위해 행식 구성 요소로써 기능하는 다수의 Program들을 갖고 있습니다. 이 Program들은 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Native Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>들과 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Program Library (SPL) Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>들로 나뉩니다.</p><p>Native Program들은 validator들을 운영하기 위해 요구되는 기반 기능을 제공합니다. 이 Program들 중에 가장 잘 알려진 것이 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>입니다. System Program은 새로운 Account들을 관리하는 것과 두 집단 사이에서 SOL을 전송하는 것을 책임집니다.</p><p>SLP Program은 토큰 생성, 교환, 대여하는 것에 더해 stake pool을 발생시키고, on-chain name service를 유지하는 것 포함해 다수의 on-chain 활동을 지원합니다. <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>들은 CLI를 거쳐 직접 호출될 수 있습니다. 반면에 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Associated Token Account Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 같은 다른 것들은 보통 Custom Program들로 구성됩니다.</p><h3 id="writing-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs</h3><p>Program들은 보통 Rust와 C++로 개발됩니다. 하지만, LLVM의 BPF backend로 빌드되는 어떤 언어로도 개발 가능합니다. <a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>와 <a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>은 최근 <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 호환을 가능하게 하고 개발자들이 Program을 Solidity에서 작성할 수 있게 하는 시도를 하고 있습니다.</p><p>대부분의 Rust 기반 Program들은 아래와 같은 아키텍처를 사용합니다.:</p><table><thead><tr><th>File</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>Registering modules</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>Entrypoint to the program</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>Program API, (de)serializing instruction data</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>Program logic</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>Program objects, (de)serializing state</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>Program-specific errors</td></tr></tbody></table><p>최근에는, <a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>가 Program을 개발하기 위한 프레임워크로 뜨고 있습니다. Anchor는 boilerplate를 줄이고 (de)serialization 처리를 간소화하는 Ruby on Rails와 비슷한 Rust 기반 프레임워크입니다.</p><p>Program들은 보통 Testnet과 Mainnet에 배포되기 전에 Localhost와 Devnet 환경에서 개발되고 테스트됩니다. Solana는 아래 환경들을 지원합니다.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Cluster Environment</th><th>RPC Connection URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>Default port: 8899 (e.g. http://localhost:8899, http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>일단 환경에 배포되고 나면, Client들은 각각의 Cluster로의 RPC 연결을 통해 On-chain Program들과 상호작용 할 수 있습니다.</p><h3 id="deploying-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deploying-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deploying Programs</h3><p>개발자들은 다음과 같이 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLI<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 통해 Program을 배포할 수 있습니다.</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Program이 배포될 때, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF shared object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>(BPF bytecode를 포함하는)로 컴파일되고 Solana Cluster로 업로드됩니다. Program들은 그들의 Account가 <code>execuable</code> 표시되고 BPF Loader에 할당될 때를 제외하고 Account 안에 존재합니다. 이 Account의 주소는 <code>program_id</code>로써 모든 Transaction에서 Program을 참조하기 위해 사용됩니다.</p><p>Solana는 최근 <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/address/BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Upgradable BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 포함해 multiple BPF Loader를 지원합니다. BPF Loader는 Program의 Account를 관리하는데 Client들이 <code>program_id</code>를 통해 이것을 가능하게 만들 책임이 있습니다. 모든 Program들은 Instruction에 대한 처리가 일어나는 하나의 Entry Point를 갖고 있습니다. (i.e. <code>process_instruction</code>)<br> 아래는 항상 포함되는 파라미터들입니다.</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul><p>일단 호출되고 나면, Program들은 Solana Runtime에 의해 실행됩니다.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Deploys by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://book.solmeet.dev/notes/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit by Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programming on Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to the Solana Blockchain by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="kr-KR"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transactions"><meta name="description" content="Transaction are bundles of Multiple operational units on Solana. Learn more about Transaction and Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Multiple operational units on Solana can be bundled into a single unit called Transaction. Learn more about Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.4904b5fe.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.93abdb49.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/kr/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html#fees" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fees"><!--[--><!--]--> Fees <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transactions</h1><p>Client들은 Cluster에 Transaction을 보냄으로써 <a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">programs</a>들을 호출합니다. 하나의 Transaction은 각자의 Program을 대상으로 하는 다수의 Instruction들을 포함할 수 있습니다. Transaction이 보내졌을 때, Solana <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>은 Transaction의 Instruction들을 순서대로 처리할 것입니다. 만약 한 Instruction의 어떤 부분이라도 실패한다면, 전체 Transaction은 실패할 것입니다.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Instruction은 Solana에서 가장 기본적인 연산 단위입니다.</li><li>각 Instruction은 아래 내용을 포함합니다: <ul><li>대상 Program의 <code>program_id</code></li><li>읽거나 쓸려고 하는 모든 <code>accounts</code>를 담은 하나의 Array</li><li>대상 Program에 명시된 byte array 형태의 <code>instruction_data</code></li></ul></li><li>다수의 Instruction들은 하나의 Transaction으로 묶일 수 있습니다.</li><li>각 Transaction은 아래 내용을 포함합니다: <ul><li>읽거나 쓸려고 하는 모든 <code>accounts</code>를 담은 하나의 Array</li><li>하나 이상의 <code>instructions</code></li><li>최근 <code>blockhash</code></li><li>하나 이상의 <code>signatures</code></li></ul></li><li>Instruction들은 순서대로 처리된다.</li><li>만약 Instuction의 한 부분이라도 실패한다면, 전체 Transaction은 실패한다.</li><li>Transaction은 1232 바이트로 제한된다.</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Solana Runtime은 Instruction과 Transaction 둘 모두에게 읽거나 쓸 모든 Account의 목록을 명시하도록 요구합니다. 사전에 Account들의 목록을 요구함으로써, Runtime은 모든 Transaction들을 병렬로 실행할 수 있습니다.</p><p>한 Transaction이 Cluster로 보내지면, Runtime은 이 Transaction의 Instruction들을 순차로 처리할 것입니다. 각 Instruction을 받는 Program은 Instruction의 데이터를 해석하고 명시된 Account들을 동작시킬 것입니다. Program은 성공을 반환할 수도 있고 에러 코드를 반환할 수도 있습니다. 만약 에러가 반환되면, Transaction은 즉시 실패할 것입니다.</p><p>Account의 데이터를 변경하거나 출금하려고 하는 Transaction에는 해당 Account 소유자의 서명이 요구됩니다. 변경될 Account는 <code>wriable</code> 표시됩니다. Transaction 요금 지불자가 필요한 rent와 Transaction 요금을 지불한다면, Account에 입금하는 데에는 소유자의 서명이 필요하지 않습니다.</p><p>모든 Transaction들은 전송 전에 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">recent blockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>를 참조해야 합니다. Blockhash는 중복을 방지하고 오래된 Transaction을 제거하기 위해 사용됩니다. Transaction Blockhash는 최대 150 blocks까지, 혹은 최대 1분 19초까지 허용됩니다.</p><h3 id="fees" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fees" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fees</h3><p>Solana 네트워크는 두 종류의 요금을 걷습니다.</p><ul><li>Transaction 전파를 위한 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction fees<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> (”gas fees” 라고 알려진)</li><li>On-chain에 데이터 저장을 위한 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent fees<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><p>Solana의 Transaction fees에는 사용자들이 다음 block에 포함될 기회를 증가시키기 위해 더 높은 요금을 지불할 수 있는 fee market 개념이 없습니다. 이 글을 쓰는 시점에, Transaction fees는 사용되는 자원의 양에 의해서가 아니라 오직 요구된 서명들(i.e. <code>lamports_per_signature</code>)의 개수에 의해 결정됩니다. 이것은 현재 모든 Transaction들에 대한 1232 바이트의 엄격한 한도가 존재하기 때문입니다.</p><p>모든 Transaction은 Transaction에 서명하기 위해 최소 하나의 <code>writable</code> Account를 요구합니다. 전송될 때, 처음 직력화된 수정 가능한 서명자 Account가 요금 지불자가 될 것입니다. 이 Account는 Transaction이 성공하는지 실패하는지와 상관없이 Transaction에 대한 비용을 지불합니다. 만약 요금 지불자가 Transaction 요금을 지불하기 위한 충분한 Balance를 갖고 있지 않다면, 이 Transaction은 거절됩니다.</p><p>이 글을 작성하는 시점에는, 모든 Transaction 요금의 50 퍼센트는 Block을 생산하는 Validator가 가져가고, 나머지 50 퍼센트는 소멸됩니다. 이러한 구조는 Validator들이 가능한 많은 Transaction들을 처리하도록 보상하기 위함입니다.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Structure<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Transaction-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Fees by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to Solana by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing by Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Transaction in Depth by Alex Miller<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">TaeGit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/serialization.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Serializing Data"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Serializing Data"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Serializing Data | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.32c33a1b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.bb0b6d3d.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#setting-up-for-borsh-serialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Setting up for Borsh Serialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Setting up for Borsh Serialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#how-to-serialize-instruction-data-on-the-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to serialize instruction data on the client"><!--[--><!--]--> How to serialize instruction data on the client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to deserialize instruction data on the program"><!--[--><!--]--> How to deserialize instruction data on the program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to serialize account data on the program"><!--[--><!--]--> How to serialize account data on the program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#pack" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pack"><!--[--><!--]--> Pack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#serialization-deserialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialization/Deserialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialization/Deserialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#usage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Usage"><!--[--><!--]--> Usage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to deserialize account data on the client"><!--[--><!--]--> How to deserialize account data on the client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#common-solana-ts-js-mappings" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Common Solana TS/JS Mappings"><!--[--><!--]--> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#advanced-constructs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Advanced Constructs"><!--[--><!--]--> Advanced Constructs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#coption" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="COption"><!--[--><!--]--> COption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/serialization.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="serializing-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serializing-data" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serializing Data</h1><p>When we talk about serialization we mean both serializing data as well as deserialization of data.</p><p>Serialization comes into play at a few points along Solana program and program accounts lifecycle:</p><ol><li>Serializing instruction data on to client</li><li>Deserializing instruction data on the program</li><li>Serializing Account data on the program</li><li>Deserializing Account Data on the client</li></ol><p>It is important that the above actions are all supported by the same serialization approach. The included snippets are demonstrating serialization using <a href="#resources">Borsh</a>.</p><p>The samples in the remainder of this document are excerpts as taken from the <a href="#resources">Solana CLI Program Template</a></p><h2 id="setting-up-for-borsh-serialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#setting-up-for-borsh-serialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Setting up for Borsh Serialization</h2><p>Libraries for Borsh must be setup for the Rust program, Rust client, Node and/or Python client.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Program</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Node Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-cli-template-program-bpf&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">features</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">no-entrypoint</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-derive</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num_enum</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.5.1&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-integer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.44&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-traits</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;../shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">thiserror</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program-test</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">lib</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">crate-type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;cdylib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.5&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2.33.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0.125&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;derive&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.8.17&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;full&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;program&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-json ext-json line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ts-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Sample TS App&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/nmain.ts&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;workspace&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;repository&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;url&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;homepage&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:all&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run build:client &amp;&amp; npm run test:client&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;build:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rm -rf ./.dist/client &amp;&amp; tsc &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node ./node_modules/.bin/mocha .dist/client/main.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run start&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* &amp;&amp; prettier --check \&quot;client/**/*.ts\&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint:fix&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* --fix&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;pretty&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;prettier --write &#39;{,client/**/}*.ts&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@tsconfig/recommended&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^7.28.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^3.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/parser&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-google&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.5.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.1.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start-server-and-test&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;ts-node&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^10.4.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;typescript&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.5.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;dependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.31.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.7.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;env&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.1-security&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;npm-check-updates&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^12.0.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;sync-request&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^6.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;update&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.4.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>borsh-construct==0.1.0 solana==0.20.0 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="how-to-serialize-instruction-data-on-the-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-serialize-instruction-data-on-the-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to serialize instruction data on the client</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>If you are serializing outbound instruction data to send to a program it must mirror how the program deserializes the inbound instruction data.</p><p>In this template, an instruction data block is a serialized array containing, with examples:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction (Variant index)</th><th>Serialized Key</th><th>Serialized Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialize (0)</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Mint (1)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>&quot;bar&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Burn (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In the following example we assume the program owned account has been initialized</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Mint a key value pair to account * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;Keypair&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts key&#39;</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts first value&#39;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; &lt;Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; Payload { id: 1, key: &#39;ts key&#39;, value: &#39;ts first value&#39; }</span> <span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Signature = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8 <span class="token keyword">from</span> enum <span class="token keyword">import</span> IntEnum <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responses <span class="token keyword">import</span> SendTransactionResp <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Instruction variants for target program</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InstructionVariant</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IntEnum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> INITIALIZE <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span> MINT <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> TRANSFER <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> BURN <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token comment"># Schema for sending instructionVariants to on-chain sample program</span> payload_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">construct_payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Generate a serialized instructionVariant&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> payload_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">mint_kv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> SendTransactionResp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Mint with a key/value pair to an account&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the program payload for Mint invariant</span> payload_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> construct_payload<span class="token punctuation">(</span>InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MINT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\x01\n\x00\x00\x00python key\x0c\x00\x00\x00python value&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># mint_payload_copy = payload_schema.parse(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(mint_payload_copy)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; key = u&#39;python key&#39; (total 10)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; value = u&#39;python value&#39; (total 12)</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the transaction with instructionVariant</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token operator">=</span>program_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>payload_ser <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; {&#39;jsonrpc&#39;: &#39;2.0&#39;, &#39;result&#39;: &#39;4ZdpWNdovdVaLextWSiqEBWp67k9rNTTUaX3qviHDXWY9c98bVtaRt5sasPhYzMVXHqhex78gzNKytcBnVH5CSTZ&#39;, &#39;id&#39;: 2}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token comment">/// Instruction payload gets serialized</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Perform a mint transaction consisting of a key/value pair</span> <span class="token comment">/// See submit_transaction below</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup the payload. `mint_instruction_id` is instruction variant index = 1</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>`_<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _fee_calculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction_with_spinner_and_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to deserialize instruction data on the program</h2><img src="/assets/ser2.38d4ca5b.png" alt="Deserialize Instruction Data"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to serialize account data on the program</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>The program account data block (from the sample repo) is layed out as</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>Remaining Byte up to 1019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialized flag</td><td>length of serialized BTreeMap</td><td>BTreeMap (where key value pairs are stored)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p>A word about the <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> trait</p><p>The Pack trait makes it easier to hide the details of account data serialization/deserialization from your core Program instruction processing. So instead of putting all the serialize/deserialize log in the program processing code, it encapsulates the details behind (3) functions:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - Allows you to deserialize an account without checking if it has been initialized. This is useful when you are actually processing the Initialization function (variant index 0)</li><li><code>unpack</code> - Calls your Pack implementation of <code>unpack_from_slice</code> and checks if account has been initialized.</li><li><code>pack</code> - Calls your Pack implementation of <code>pack_into_slice</code></li></ol><p>Here is the implementation of the Pack trait for our sample program. This is followed with the actual processing of the account data using borsh.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span> <span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="serialization-deserialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialization-deserialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialization/Deserialization</h3><p>To complete the underlying serialization and deserialization:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> - Where the actual serialization occurs</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> - Where the actual deserialization occurs</li></ol><p><strong>Note</strong> that in the following we have a <code>u32</code> (4 bytes) partition in the data layout for <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> preceding the <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>. This is because borsh, during deserialization, checks that the length of the slice you are deserializing agrees with the amount of data it reads prior to actually recombobulation of the receiving object. The approach demonstrated below first reads the <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> to get the size to <code>slice</code> out of the <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> pointer.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span> is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="usage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#usage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Usage</h3><p>The following pulls it all together and demonstrates how the program interacts with the <code>ProgramAccountState</code> which encapsulates the initialization flag as well as the underlying <code>BTreeMap</code> for our key/value pairs.</p><p>First when we want to initialize a brand new account:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span> <span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven&#39;t already initialized this accounts data</span> <span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Now we can operate on our other instructions as the following demonstrates minting a new key value pair that we demonstrated above when sending instructions from a client:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint to account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to deserialize account data on the client</h2><p>Clients can call Solana to fetch program owned account, in which the serialized data block is a part of the return. Deserializing requires knowing the data block layout.</p><p>The layout of the account data was described <a href="#account-data-serialization">Here</a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tree_length&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Fetch program account data * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;AccoundData&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commitment <span class="token keyword">import</span> Confirmed <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize program&#39;s account data</span> account_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map_length&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Fetch account information from RPC, parse out the data and deserialize&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_account_info<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;base64&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> account_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Results in or similar</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map_length = 109</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map = {&#39;Happy&#39;: &#39;New Year!&#39;, &#39;newKey&#39;: &#39;A new value&#39;,</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; &#39;python key&#39;: &#39;python value&#39;, &#39;ts key&#39;: &#39;ts first value&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="common-solana-ts-js-mappings" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#common-solana-ts-js-mappings" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings</h2><p>The <a href="#resources">Borsh Specification</a> contains most mappings for primitive and compound data types.</p><p>The key to TS/JS and Python is creating a Borsh Schema with a proper definition so the serialize and deserialize can generate or walk the respective inputs.</p><p>Here we demonstrate serialization of primitives (numbers, strings) and compound types (fixed size array, Map) first in Typescript, then in Python and then equivalent deserialization on the Rust side:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library * for convenience of dynamic property setting * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span> <span class="token comment">// compound types</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;world&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Viola!</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;New value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed string array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed u8 array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Map = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize various types</span> primitive_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">common</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Serialize</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U8&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U16&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U32&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x05\x00\x00\x00hello\x05\x00\x00\x00world\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00cookbook\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\n\x00\x00\x00ingredient&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Deserialize</span> new_value <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Viola</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U8 = 255</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U16 = 65535</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U32 = 4294967295</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_STRING_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; hello</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; world</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_U8_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 2</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 3</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 4</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 5</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; MAP_STRING_STRING = {&#39;cookbook&#39;: &#39;recipe&#39;, &#39;recipe&#39;: &#39;ingredient&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">primitives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> prim <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">255u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">103</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">116</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>prim<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="advanced-constructs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#advanced-constructs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Advanced Constructs</h2><p>We&#39;ve shown how to create simple Payloads in previous examples. Sometimes Solana throws a fastball with certain types. This section will demonstrate proper mapping between TS/JS and Rust to handle those</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * COption is meant to mirror the * `solana_program::options::COption` * * This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating * the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey * * Similar to a Rust Option * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class * <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Creates a COption from a PublicKey * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this) */</span> <span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Defines the layout of the COption object * for serializing/deserializing * <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;copt_ser &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36] COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)} pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Expected no public key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with null Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36] COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) } pubkey: null */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">program_option<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Emulate how COption is &#39;unpacked&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Map the data block</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the SOME or NONE u32</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the COption accordingly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> opt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> nos <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">None</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> opt <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">btest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// From Typescript with borsh&#39;ing</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">214</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">211</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">130</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">187</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">208</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">221</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">166</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">171</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate COption deserialization</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Uh-oh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// As a Borsh Struct</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> toption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toption<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Some = {:?} Pubkey = {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> toption<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Kevin Heavey</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">abacus-x</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/feature-parity-testing.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Feature Parity Testing"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Feature Parity Testing"><meta name="description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Feature Parity Testing | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.61786585.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.2d03e4b5.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#scenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Scenario"><!--[--><!--]--> Scenario <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#feature-status" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Status"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Status <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#parity-testing" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#simple-demonstration" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Simple Demonstration"><!--[--><!--]--> Simple Demonstration <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#all-features-activated" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="All features activated"><!--[--><!--]--> All features activated <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#selective-features-deactivated" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Selective features deactivated"><!--[--><!--]--> Selective features deactivated <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#full-parity-testing" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Full Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Full Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#full-parity-testing-programmatically" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Full Parity Testing Programmatically"><!--[--><!--]--> Full Parity Testing Programmatically <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="feature-parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Parity Testing</h1><p>When testing your program, assurances that it will run the same in various clusters is essential to both quality and producing expected outcomes.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Features are capabilities that are introduced to Solana validators and require activation to be used.</li><li>Features may be activated in one cluster (e.g. testnet) but not so in another (e.g. mainnet-beta).</li><li>However; when running default <code>solana-test-validator</code> locally, all available features in your Solana version are automagically activated. The result is that when testing locally, the capabilities and results of your testing may not be the same when deploying and running in a different cluster!</li></ul></div><h2 id="scenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Scenario</h2><p>Assume you have a Transaction that contained three (3) instructions and each instruction consumes approximately 100_000 Compute Units (CU). When running in a Solana 1.8.x version, you would observe your instruction CU consumption similar to:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In Solana 1.9.2 a feature called &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; was introduced where a Transaction, by default, has a 200_000 CU budget and the encapsulated instructions <strong><em>draw down</em></strong> from that Transaction budget. Running the same transaction as noted above would have very different behavior:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>FAIL!!!</td><td>FAIL!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Yikes! If you were unaware of this you&#39;d likely be frustrated as there was no change to your instruction behavior that would cause this. In devnet it worked fine, but locally it was failing?!?</p><p>There is the ability to increase the overall Transaction budget, to lets say 300_000 CU, and salvage your sanity but this demonstrates why testing with <strong><em>Feature Parity</em></strong> provides a proactive way to avoid any confusion.</p><h2 id="feature-status" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-status" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Status</h2><p>It is fairly easy to check what features are enabled for a particular cluster with the <code>solana feature status</code> command.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Displays by feature status for devnet solana feature status -ut // Displays for testnet solana feature status -um // Displays for mainnet-beta solana feature status -ul // Displays for local, requires running solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Alternatively, you could use a tool like <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> to observe all feature state across clusters which would display, partial screen shown here, and does not require <code>solana-test-validator</code> to be running:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Parity Testing</h2><p>As noted above, the <code>solana-test-validator</code> activates <strong>all</strong> features automagically. So to answer the question &quot;How can I test locally in an environment that has parity with devnet, testnet or even mainnet-beta?&quot;.</p><p>Solution: PRs were added to Solana 1.9.6 to allow deactivation of features:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt; ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="simple-demonstration" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#simple-demonstration" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Simple Demonstration</h2><p>Suppose you have a simple program that logs the data it receives in it&#39;s entry-point. And you are testing a transaction that adds two (2) instructions for your program.</p><h3 id="all-features-activated" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#all-features-activated" aria-hidden="true">#</a> All features activated</h3><ol><li>You start the test validator in one terminal:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>In another terminal you start the log streamer:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>You then run your transaction. You would see something similar in the log terminal (edited for clarity):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[ </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>Because our feature &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; is automatically activated by default, we observe each instruction drawing down CU from the starting Transaction budget of 200_000 CU.</p><h3 id="selective-features-deactivated" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#selective-features-deactivated" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Selective features deactivated</h3><ol><li>For this run, we want to run so that the CU budget behavior is in parity with what is running in devnet. Using the tool(s) described in <a href="#feature-status">Feature Status</a> we isolate the <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> public key and use the <code>--deactivate-feature</code> on the test validator startup</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>We now see in our logs that our instructions now have their own 200_000 CU budget (edited for clarity) which is currently the state in all upstream clusters:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="full-parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#full-parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Full Parity Testing</h2><p>You can be in full parity with a specific cluster by identifying each feature that is not yet activated and add a <code>--deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;</code> for each when invoking <code>solana-test-validator</code>:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Alternatively, <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> provides a command switch to output the complete deactivated feature set for a cluster to feed directly into the <code>solana-test-validator</code> startup:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t) </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>If you open another terminal, while the validator is running, and <code>solana feature status</code> you will see features deactivated that were found deactivated in devnet</p><h2 id="full-parity-testing-programmatically" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#full-parity-testing-programmatically" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Full Parity Testing Programmatically</h2><p>For those who control running the test validator within their test code, modifying the test validator activated/deactivated features is possible using TestValidatorGenesis. With Solana 1.9.6 a function has been added to the validator builder to support this.</p><p>At the root of your program folder, create a new folder called <code>tests</code> and add a <code>parity_test.rs</code> file. Here is the boiler place functions (boiler-plate if you will) used by each test</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Test Boiler Plate</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>error<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">path<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get interegate feature lists from clusters</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] to use</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">gadgets_scfs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Added in Solana 1.9.2</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extended in Solana 1.9.6</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_test_validator<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Location/Name of ProgramTestGenesis ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./.ledger&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Path to BPF program (*.so) change if needed</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;target/deploy/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program name from program Cargo.toml</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM_NAME</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAM_NAME&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program public key</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM&#39;S PUBLIC KEY str</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAMS_PUBLIC_KEY_BASE58_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; public key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// UNIT TEST FOLLOWS</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>We can now add test functions in the body of <code>mod test {...}</code> to demonstrate default validator setup (all features enabled) and then disabling the <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> as per previous examples running <code>solana-test-validator</code> from the command line.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">All Features Test</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Disable Tx CU Test</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_base_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated (default for TestValidatorGenesis)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction to demonstrate</span> <span class="token comment">// that each instruction CU draws down from default Transaction CU (200_000)</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span> <span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; feature</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Alternatively, the <a href="#resources">scfs engine gadget</a> can produce a full vector of deactivated features for a cluster. The following demonstrates using that engine to get a list of all deactivated features for devnet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Devnet Parity</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml to use</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span> <span class="token comment">// from devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span> <span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span> <span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Happy Testing!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">kirill lykov</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/data-migration.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Migrating Program Data Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.084ac250.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.d5010d02.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html#how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How can you migrate a program&#39;s data accounts?"><!--[--><!--]--> How can you migrate a program&#39;s data accounts? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html#scenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Scenario"><!--[--><!--]--> Scenario <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html#upgrading-the-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upgrading the Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Upgrading the Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html#_1-add-account-conversion-logic" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="1. Add account conversion logic"><!--[--><!--]--> 1. Add account conversion logic <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/data-migration.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="migrating-a-programs-data-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#migrating-a-programs-data-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts</h1><h2 id="how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How can you migrate a program&#39;s data accounts?</h2><p>When you create a program, each data account associated with that program will have a specific data structure. If you ever need to upgrade a program derived account, you end up having a bunch of leftover program derived accounts with the old structure.</p><p>With account versioning, you can upgrade your old accounts to the new structure.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>This is only one of many ways to migrate data in Program Owned Accounts (POA).</p></div><h2 id="scenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Scenario</h2><p>To version and migrate our account data, we will be providing an <strong>id</strong> for each account. This id will allow us to identify the account version when we pass it to the program, and thus handle the account correctly.</p><p>Take the following account state and program:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Currently using state. If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another serializable backlevel one</span> <span class="token comment">/// before adding new fields here</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to uplift from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>In our first version of an account, we are doing the following:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Action</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Include a &#39;data version&#39; field in your data. It can be a simple incrementing ordinal (e.g. u8) or something more sophisticated</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Allocating enough space for data growth</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Initializing a number of constants to be used across program versions</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Add an update account function under <code>fn conversion_logic</code> for future upgrades</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Let&#39;s say we want to upgrade our program&#39;s accounts now to include a new required field, the <code>somestring</code> field.</p><p>If we didn&#39;t allocate extra space on the previous account, we could not upgrade the account and be stuck.</p><h2 id="upgrading-the-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upgrading-the-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upgrading the Account</h2><p>In our new program we want to add a new property for the content state. The changes that follow are how we leveraged the initial program constructs as they come into use now.</p><h3 id="_1-add-account-conversion-logic" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-add-account-conversion-logic" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Add account conversion logic</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding string to content</span> <span class="token comment">// Previous const DATA_VERSION: u8 = 0;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to upgrade from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> old <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Default sets &#39;somevalue&#39; to 0 and somestring to default &quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> new_content <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We copy the existing &#39;somevalue&#39;, the program instructions will read/update &#39;somestring&#39; without fail</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> old<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent version data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><table><thead><tr><th>Line(s)</th><th>Note</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>We&#39;ve added Solana&#39;s <code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code> to simplify reading subsets of data from the larger data block</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>Here we&#39;ve preserved the old content structure, <code>AccountContentOld</code> line 24, before extending the <code>AccountContentCurrent</code> starting in line 17.</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>We bump the <code>DATA_VERSION</code> constant</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>We now have a &#39;previous&#39; version and we want to know it&#39;s size</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>The Coup de grâce is adding the plumbing to upgrade the previous content state to the new (current) content state</td></tr></tbody></table><p>We then update our instructions, to add a new one for updating <code>somestring</code>, and processor for handling the new instruction. Note that the &#39;upgrading&#39; the data structure is encapsulated behind <code>pack/unpack</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the string in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new string {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somestring <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request 0.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Attempting to unpack&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>After building and submitting an instruction: <code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code> we now have the following &#39;upgraded&#39; account data layout</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference Implementation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/versioned-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Versioned Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Versioned Transactions"><meta name="description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Versioned Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.acaac8aa.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.5b1ec8d4.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#legacy-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Legacy Transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> Legacy Transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#legacy-message" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Legacy Message"><!--[--><!--]--> Legacy Message <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#header" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Header"><!--[--><!--]--> Header <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-of-account-addresses" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact-array of account addresses"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact-array of account addresses <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-of-instructions" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array of instructions"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array of instructions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#issues-with-legacy-transactions" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Issues with Legacy Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Issues with Legacy Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#address-lookup-tables-lut" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Address Lookup Tables (LUT)"><!--[--><!--]--> Address Lookup Tables (LUT) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#versioned-transactions-transactionv0" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#messagev0" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="MessageV0"><!--[--><!--]--> MessageV0 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-of-address-table-lookups" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array of address table lookups"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array of address table lookups <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-of-instructions-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array of instructions"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array of instructions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#rpc-changes" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="RPC Changes"><!--[--><!--]--> RPC Changes <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html#references" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="References"><!--[--><!--]--> References <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="versioned-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#versioned-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Versioned Transactions</h1><p>Solana recently released Versioned Transactions. The proposed changes are as follows:</p><ol><li><p>Introduce a new program which manages on-chain address lookup tables</p></li><li><p>Add a new transaction format which can make use of on-chain address lookup tables</p></li></ol><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Legacy transactions have a major issue: Maximum allowed size of 1232 bytes, and hence the number of accounts that can fit in an atomic transaction: 35 addresses.</li><li>Address Lookup Tables (LUTs): Once accounts are stored in this table, the address of the table can be referenced in a transaction message using 1-byte u8 indices.</li><li><code>solana/web3.js</code>&#39;s <code>createLookupTable()</code> can be used to construct a new lookup table, as well as determine its address.</li><li>Once an LUT is created, it can be extended, ie., accounts can be appended to the table.</li><li>Versioned Transactions: The structure of legacy transaction needs to be modified to incorporate LUTs</li><li>Before versioning was introduced, txs left an unused upper bit in the first byte of their headers, which can be used to explicitly declare the version of txs</li></ul></div><p>We&#39;ll talk more about the above introduced changes and what they mean for developers. To understand the changes better, however, we need to first understand the anatomy of a regular (or legacy) transaction.</p><h2 id="legacy-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy Transaction</h2><p>The Solana network uses a maximum transactional unit (MTU) size of 1280 bytes, adherent to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_packet" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IPv6 MTU<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> size constraints to ensure speed and reliability. This leaves <strong>1232 bytes</strong> for packet data like serialised transactions.</p><p>A transaction is comprised of:</p><ol><li>A compact array of signatures, where each signature is a 64 byte <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ed25519<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</li><li>A (legacy) message</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/tx_format.1023848a.png" alt="Transaction Format"></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Compact-Array format</p><p>A compact array is an array serialised to have the following components:</p><ol><li>An array length in a multi-byte encoding called <a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#compact-u16-format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Compact-u16<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Followed by each array item</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_format.6984243f.png" alt="Compact array format"></p></div><h2 id="legacy-message" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-message" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy Message</h2><p>A Legacy Message has the following components:</p><ol><li>A header</li><li>A compact-array of account addresses, where each account address takes 32 bytes</li><li>A recent blockhash</li></ol><ul><li>a 32-byte SHA-256 hash used to indicate when ledger was last observed. If a blockhash is too old, validators reject it.</li></ul><ol start="4"><li>A compact-array of Instructions</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/legacy_message.09ab30b7.png" alt="Legacy Message"></p><h3 id="header" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#header" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Header</h3><p>The message header is 3 bytes in length and contains 3 u8 integers:</p><ol><li>The number of required signatures: the Solana runtime verifies this number with the length of the compact array of signatures in the transaction.</li><li>The number of read-only account addresses that require signatures.</li><li>The number of read-only account addresses that do not require signatures.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/message_header.8eb7d589.png" alt="Message Header"></p><h3 id="compact-array-of-account-addresses" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-of-account-addresses" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact-array of account addresses</h3><p>This compact array starts with a compact-u16 encoding of the number of account addresses, followed by:</p><ol><li><strong>Account addresses that require signatures</strong>: The addresses that request read and write access are listed first, followed by the ones that request for read-only access</li><li><strong>Account addresses that do not require signatures</strong>: Same as above, the addresses that request read and write access are listed first, followed by the ones that request for read-only access</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compat_array_of_account_addresses.7792e5c7.png" alt="Compact array of account addresses"></p><h3 id="compact-array-of-instructions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-of-instructions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array of instructions</h3><p>Much like the array of account addresses, this compact array starts with a compact-u16 encoding of the number of instructions, followed by an array of instructions. Each instruction in the array has the following components:</p><ol><li><strong>Program ID</strong>: identifies an on-chain program that will process the instruction. This is represented as a u8 index to an address in the compact array of account addresses inside the message.</li><li><strong>Compact array of account address indexes</strong>: u8 indexes to a subset of account addresses in the compact array of account addresses, that require signatures.</li><li><strong>Compact array of opaque u8 data</strong>: a general purpose byte array that is specific to the program ID mentioned before. This array of data specifies any operations that the program should perform and any additional information that the accounts might not contain.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_ixs.6281d70b.png" alt="Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="issues-with-legacy-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#issues-with-legacy-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Issues with Legacy Transactions</h2><p>What is the issue with the above Transaction model?</p><p><strong>The max size of a transaction, and hence the number of accounts that can fit in a single atomic transaction.</strong></p><p>As discussed earlier, the maximum allowed size of a transaction is <strong>1232 bytes</strong>. The size of an account address is 32 bytes. Thus, a transaction can at the very best store <strong>35 accounts</strong>, taking into account some space for headers, signatures and other metadata.</p><p><img src="/assets/issues_with_legacy_txs.5766db66.png" alt="Issue with legacy transactions"></p><p>This is problematic as there are several cases where developers need to include 100s of signature-free accounts in a single transaction. This is currently not possible with the legacy transaction model. The solution currently being used is to temporarily store state on-chain and consume it later in transactions. This workaround does not work when multiple programs need to be composed in a single transaction. Each program requires multiple accounts as input and hence we fall into the same problem as before.</p><p>This is where <strong>Address Lookup Tables (LUT)</strong> are introduced.</p><h2 id="address-lookup-tables-lut" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#address-lookup-tables-lut" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Address Lookup Tables (LUT)</h2><p>The idea behind Address Lookup Tables is to store account addresses in a table-like (array) data structure on-chain. Once accounts are stored in this table, the address of the table can be referenced in a transaction message. To point to an individual account within the table, a 1-byte u8 index is needed.</p><p><img src="/assets/luts.96a8a310.png" alt="LUTs"></p><p>This opens up space as addresses need not be stored inside the transaction message anymore. They only need to be referenced in the form of an index within the array like table. This leads to a possibility of referencing 2^8=<strong>256</strong> accounts, as accounts are referenced using a u8 index.</p><p>LUTs need to be rent-exempt when initialised or whenever a new address is added to the table. Addresses can be added to this table either by an on-chain buffer, or by directly appending them to the table through the <code>Extension</code> instruction. Furthermore, LUTs can store associated metadata followed by a compact-array of accounts. Below you can see the structure of a typical Address Lookup Table.</p><p><img src="/assets/lut_format.060d6be2.png" alt="LUT Format"></p><p>One important pitfall of LUTs is that since address lookups require extra overhead during transaction processing, they usually incur higher costs for a transaction.</p><h2 id="versioned-transactions-transactionv0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#versioned-transactions-transactionv0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0</h2><p>The structure of legacy transaction needs to be modified to incorporate address table lookups. These changes should not break transaction processing on Solana, nor should they indicate any format changes to the invoked programs.</p><p>To ensure the above, it is important to explicitly mention the transaction type: <code>legacy</code> or <code>versioned</code>. How do we include this information in a transaction?</p><p>Before versioning was introduced, transactions left an unused upper bit in the first byte of their message headers: <code>num_required_signatures</code>. We can now use this bit to explicitly declare the version of our transactions.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionedMessage</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Legacy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">V0</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token namespace">v0<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>If the first bit is set, the remaining bits in the first byte will encode a version number. Solana is beginning with “Version 0”, which is the versioned required to begin using LUTs.</p><p>If the first bit is not set, the transaction will be considered a “Legacy Transaction” and the remainder of the first byte will be treated as the first byte of an encoded legacy message.</p><h2 id="messagev0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#messagev0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MessageV0</h2><p>The structure of the new MessageV0 is more or less the same, except for two small but important changes:</p><ol><li><strong>Message Header</strong>: unchanged from legacy</li><li><strong>Compact array of account keys</strong>: unchanged from legacy. We will denote the array of indexes pointing to elements in this array as <em>index array A</em> (you will see why we are denoting this soon)</li><li><strong>Recent blockhash</strong>: unchanged from legacy</li><li><strong>Compact array of instructions</strong>: change from legacy</li><li><strong>Compact array of address table lookups</strong>: introduced in v0</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/messagev0.c089b240.png" alt="Message v0"></p><p>We&#39;ll first discuss the structure of the compact array of address table lookups before seeing what changed in the instruction array.</p><h3 id="compact-array-of-address-table-lookups" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-of-address-table-lookups" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array of address table lookups</h3><p>This struct introduces Address Lookup Tables (LUT) to Versioned Transactions, hence enables the usage of LUTs for loading more readonly and writable accounts in a single transaction.</p><p>The compact array starts with a compact-u16 encoding of the number of address table lookups, followed by an array of address table lookups. Each lookup has the following structure:</p><ol><li><strong>Account key</strong>: account key of the address lookup table</li><li><strong>Writable indexes</strong>: compact array of indexes used to load writable account addresses. We will denote this array as <em>index array B</em>.</li><li><strong>Readonly indexes</strong>: compact array of indexes used to load readonly account addresses. We will denote this array as <em>index array C</em>.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_luts.9175e491.png" alt="Compact array of LUTs"></p><p>Now let&#39;s see what changes were made in the instructions compact array</p><h3 id="compact-array-of-instructions-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-of-instructions-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array of instructions</h3><p>As discussed before, the compact array of legacy instructions stores individual legacy instructions that in-turn store the following:</p><ol><li>Program ID index</li><li>Compact array of account address indexes</li><li>Compact array of opaque 8-bit data</li></ol><p>The change in the new instruction is not in the structure of the instruction itself, but the array being used to get indexes from for 1 and 2. In legacy transactions, a subset of the index array A is used, while in versioned transactions, a subset of the combined array of the following are used:</p><ol><li><strong>index array A</strong>: Compact array of accounts stored in the message</li><li><strong>index array B</strong>: Writable indexes in address table lookup</li><li><strong>index array C</strong>: Readonly indexes in address table lookup</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/new_compact_array_of_ixs.54090dc5.png" alt="New Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="rpc-changes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rpc-changes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> RPC Changes</h2><p>Transaction responses will require a new version field: <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> to indicate to clients which transaction structure needs to be followed for deserialisation.</p><p>The following methods need to be updated to avoid errors:</p><ul><li><code>getTransaction</code></li><li><code>getBlock</code></li></ul><p>The following parameter needs to be added to the requests:</p><p><code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0</code></p><p>If <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> is not explicitly added to the request, the transaction version will fallback to <code>legacy</code>. Any block that contains a versioned transaction will return with an error by the client in the case of a legacy transaction.</p><p>You can set this via JSON formatted requests to the RPC endpoint like below:</p><div class="language-plaintext ext-plaintext line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-plaintext"><code>curl http://localhost:8899 -X POST -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; -d \ &#39;{&quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getBlock&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [430, { &quot;encoding&quot;:&quot;json&quot;, &quot;maxSupportedTransactionVersion&quot;:0, &quot;transactionDetails&quot;:&quot;full&quot;, &quot;rewards&quot;:false }]}&#39; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>You can also do the same using the <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> library.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// connect to the `devnet` cluster and get the current `slot`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> slot <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSlot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get the latest block (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> block <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>slot<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get a specific transaction (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;3jpoANiFeVGisWRY5UP648xRXs3iQasCHABPWRWnoEjeA93nc79WrnGgpgazjq4K9m8g2NJoyKoWBV1Kx5VmtwHQ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions#how-create-a-versioned-transaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/lookup-tables#how-to-create-an-address-lookup-table" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction with Address Lookup using LUTs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#limitations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Limitations of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#security-concerns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Security concerns of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#other-proposals" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Alternate proposed solutions to Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h2 id="references" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#references" aria-hidden="true">#</a> References</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transactions-V2 Proposal<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Developing with Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Anvit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Debugging Solana Programs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Debugging Solana Programs"><meta name="description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Debugging Solana Programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.24149e6d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.696e8511.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#local-validator-node-testing-in-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Validator Node Testing in editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Validator Node Testing in editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="debugging-solana-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#debugging-solana-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Debugging Solana Programs</h1><p>There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana program.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>The crate <code>solana-program-test</code> enables use of bare bones <strong><em>local runtime</em></strong> where you can test and debug your program interactively (e.g. in vscode).</li><li>The crate <code>solana-validator</code> enables use of the <code>solana-test-validator</code> implementation for more robust testing that occurs on a <strong><em>local validator node</em></strong>. You can run from the editor <strong><em>but breakpoints in the program are ignored</em></strong>.</li><li>The CLI tool <code>solana-test-validator</code> runs and loads your program and processes transaction execution from command line Rust applications or Javascript/Typescript applications using web3.</li><li>For all the above, liberal use of <code>msg!</code> macro in your program is recommended at the start and then removing them as you test and ensure rock solid behavior. Remember that <code>msg!</code> consumes Compute Units which can eventually fail your program by hitting the Compute Unit budget caps.</li></ul></div><p>The steps in the following sections use the <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a>. Clone that to your machine:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone [email protected]:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor</h2><p>Open the file <code>src/lib.rs</code></p><p>You&#39;ll see that the program is a pretty simple and basically just logs the content received by the program entrypoint function: <code>process_instruction</code></p><ol><li>Go to the <code>#[cfg(test)]</code> section and click <code>Run Tests</code>. This will build the program and then execute the <code>async fn test_transaction()</code> test. You will see the log messages (simplified) in the vscode terminal below the source.</li></ol><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bpf_program_template&quot;</span> program loaded as native code Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Set a breakpoint on the programs <code>msg!</code> line (11)</li><li>Back in the test module, click <code>Debug</code> and within seconds the debugger will stop on the breakpoint and now you can examine data, step through functions, etc., etc..</li></ol><p>These tests are also run from the command line with: <code>cargo test</code> or <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. Of course any breakpoints will be ignored.</p><p>How groovy can you get!</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>Keep in mind you are not using a validator node so default programs, blockhashes, etc. are not represented or will not behave as they would when running in validator node. This is why the gang at Solana gave us Local Validator Node testing!</p></div><h2 id="local-validator-node-testing-in-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-validator-node-testing-in-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Validator Node Testing in editor</h2><p>Integration testing using programmatic loading of a local validator node is defined in the <code>tests/integration.rs</code> file.</p><p>By default, the template repo integration tests will only be runnable from the command line using <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. The following steps will enable you to run within the editor as well as displaying program validator logs and <code>msg!</code> outputs from your program:</p><ol><li>In the repo directory run <code>cargo build-bpf</code> to build the sample program</li><li>In the editor, open <code>tests/integration.rs</code></li><li>Comment out line 1 -&gt; <code>// #![cfg(feature = &quot;test-bpf&quot;)]</code></li><li>On line 19 change it to read: <code>.add_program(&quot;target/deploy/bpf_program_template&quot;, program_id)</code></li><li>Insert the following at line 22 <code>solana_logger::setup_with_default(&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;);</code></li><li>Click <code>Run Test</code> above the <code>test_validator_transaction()</code> function</li></ol><p>This will load the validator node then allowing you to construct a transaction (the Rust way) and submit to the node using the <code>RcpClient</code>.</p><p>The program&#39;s output will also print out in the editor terminal. For example (simplified):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>Debugging here will allow you to debug the functions and methods used in the <strong><em>test body</em></strong> but will not breakpoint in your program.</p><p>The bee&#39;s knees eh?</p><h2 id="local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps</h2><p>Lastly, you can start a local validating node and load your program and any accounts using the <code>solana-test-validator</code> from the command line.</p><p>In this approach, you will need a client application either using Rust <a href="#resources">RcpClient</a> or in <a href="#resources">JavaScript or Typescript clients</a></p><p>See <code>solana-test-validator --help</code> for more details and options. For the example program here is vanilla setup:</p><ol><li>Open a terminal in the repo folder</li><li>Run <code>solana config set -ul</code> to set the configuration to point to local</li><li>Run <code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so</code></li><li>Open another terminal and run <code>solana logs</code> to start the log streamer</li><li>You can then run your client program and observe program output in the terminal where you started the log streamer</li></ol><p>Now that is the cat&#39;s pajamas YO!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Frank V. Castellucci</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/account-maps.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Account Maps | Solana Cookbook</title><meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.f32682b9.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.c84ca06e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/account-maps.html#deriving-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deriving PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deriving PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/account-maps.html#single-map-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Single Map Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Single Map Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="account-maps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-maps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Maps</h1><p>Maps are data structures we frequently use in programming to associate a <strong>key</strong> with a <strong>value</strong> of some kind. The key and value could be any arbitrary type and the key acts as an identifier for a given value that is being saved. It then, given its key, allows us to efficiently insert, retrieve and update these values efficiently.</p><p>Solana&#39;s Account model, as we know, requires program data and its relevant state data to be stored in different accounts. These accounts have an address associated with them. This, in itself, acts as a map! Learn more about Solana&#39;s Account mode <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>So, it would make sense to store your <strong>values</strong> in separate accounts, with its address being the <strong>key</strong> required to retrieve the value. But this brings up a few issues, such as,</p><ul><li><p>The addresses mentioned above are most probably not going to be ideal <strong>keys</strong>, which you could remember and retrieve the required value.</p></li><li><p>The addresses mentioned above, referred to public keys of different <strong>Keypairs</strong>, where each public key (or <em>address</em>) would have a <strong>private key</strong> associated with it as well. This private key would be required to sign different instructions if and when needed, requiring us to store the private key somewhere, which is most definitely <strong>not</strong> recommended!</p></li></ul><p>This presents a problem many Solana developers face, which is implementing a <code>Map</code>-like logic into their programs. Let&#39;s look at a couple of way how we would go about this problem,</p><h2 id="deriving-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deriving-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deriving PDAs</h2><p>PDA stands for <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, and are in short, addresses <strong>derived</strong> from a set of seeds, and a program id (or <em>address</em>).</p><p>The unique thing about PDAs is that, these addresses are <strong>not</strong> associated with any private key. This is because these addresses do not lie on the ED25519 curve. Hence, <strong>only</strong> the program, from which this <em>address</em> was derived, can sign an instruction with the key, provided the seeds as well. Learn more about this <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Now that we have an idea about what PDAs are, let&#39;s use them to map some accounts! We&#39;ll take an example of a <strong>Blog</strong> program to demonstrate how this would be implemented.</p><p>In this Blog program, we would like each <code>User</code> to have a single <code>Blog</code>. This blog could have any number of <code>Posts</code>. That would mean that we are <strong>mapping</strong> each user to a blog, and each post is <strong>mapped</strong> to a certain blog.</p><p>In short, there is a <code>1:1</code> mapping between a user and his/her blog, whereas a <code>1:N</code> mapping between a blog and its posts.</p><p>For the <code>1:1</code> mapping, we would want a blog&#39;s address to be derived <strong>only</strong> from its user, which would allow us to retrieve a blog, given its authority (or <em>user</em>). Hence, the seeds for a blog would consist of its <strong>authority&#39;s key</strong>, and possibly a prefix of <strong>&quot;blog&quot;</strong>, to act as a type identifier.</p><p>For the <code>1:N</code> mapping, we would want each post&#39;s address to be derived <strong>not only</strong> from the blog which it is associated with, but also another <strong>identifier</strong>, allowing us to differentiate between the <code>N</code> number of posts in the blog. In the example below, each post&#39;s address is derived from the <strong>blog&#39;s key</strong>, a <strong>slug</strong> to identify each post, and a prefix of <strong>&quot;post&quot;</strong>, to act as a type identifier.</p><p>The code is as shown below,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Content or Title.&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: InitBlog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: CreatePost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Instruction&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Data&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account not Writable&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>On the client-side, you can use <code>PublicKey.findProgramAddress()</code> to obtain the required <code>Blog</code> and <code>Post</code> account address, which you can pass into <code>connection.getAccountInfo()</code> to fetch the account data. An example is shown below,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authorityPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;postCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="single-map-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#single-map-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Single Map Account</h2><p>Another way to implement mapping would be to have a <code>BTreeMap</code> data structure explicitly stored in a single account. This account&#39;s address itself could be a PDA, or the public key of a generated Keypair.</p><p>This method of mapping accounts is not ideal because of the following reasons,</p><ul><li><p>You will have to first initialize the account storing the <code>BTreeMap</code>, before you can insert the necessary key-value pairs to it. Then, you will also have to store the address of this account somewhere, so as to update it every time.</p></li><li><p>There are memory limitations to an account, where an account can have a maximum size of <strong>10 megabytes</strong>, which restricts the <code>BTreeMap</code> from storing a large number of key-value pairs.</p></li></ul><p>Hence, after considering your use-case, you can implement this method as shown below,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;instruction_data: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initializing map!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Inserting entry!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -&gt; blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid MapAccount account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account already has entry in Map&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>The client-side code to test the above program would look like something as shown below,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;is_initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_a&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_b&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;blogs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MapData: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Sayantan Karmakar</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/guides/get-program-accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Get Program Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.4f4498ed.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.b068cc8a.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html#filters" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="filters"><!--[--><!--]--> filters <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html#dataslice" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="dataSlice"><!--[--><!--]--> dataSlice <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="get-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Program Accounts</h1><p>An RPC method that returns all accounts owned by a program. Currently pagination is not supported. Requests to <code>getProgramAccounts</code> should include the <code>dataSlice</code> and/or <code>filters</code> parameters to improve response time and return only intended results.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Parameters</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - Pubkey of the program to query, provided as a base58 encoded string</li><li>(optional) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - Configuration parameters containing the following optional fields: <ul><li>(optional) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">State commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(optional) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Encoding for account data, either: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code>, or <code>jsonParsed</code>. Note, web3js users should instead use <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(optional) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - Limit the returned account data based on: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Number of bytes into account data to begin returning</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - Number of bytes of account data to return</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - Filter results using the following filter objects: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - Match a series of bytes to account data: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Number of bytes into account data to begin comparing</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - Data to match, as base58 encoded string limited to 129 bytes</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - Compares the account data length with the provided data size</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - Wrap the result in an <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="response" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#response" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Response</h5><p>By default <code>getProgramAccounts</code> will return an array of JSON objects with the following structure:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - The account pubkey as a base58 encoded string</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - a JSON object, with the following sub fields: <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, number of lamports assigned to the account</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, The base58 encoded pubkey of the program the account has been assigned to</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - data associated with the account, either as encoded binary data or JSON format depending on the provided encoding parameter</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, Indication if the account contains a program</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, The epoch at which this account will next owe rent</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code> is a versatile RPC method that returns all accounts owned by a program. We can use <code>getProgramAccounts</code> for a number of useful queries, such as finding:</p><ul><li>All token accounts for a particular wallet</li><li>All token accounts for a particular mint (i.e. All <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> holders)</li><li>All custom accounts for a particular program (i.e. All <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> users)</li></ul><p>Despite its usefulness, <code>getProgramAccounts</code> is often misunderstood due to its current constraints. Many of the queries supported by <code>getProgramAccounts</code> require RPC nodes to scan large sets of data. These scans are both memory and resource intensive. As a result, calls that are too frequent or too large in scope can result in connection timeouts. Furthermore, at the time of this writing, the <code>getProgramAccounts</code> endpoint does not support pagination. If the results of a query are too large, the response will be truncated.</p><p>To get around these current constraints, <code>getProgramAccounts</code> offers a number of useful parameters: namely, <code>dataSlice</code> and the <code>filters</code> options <code>memcmp</code> and <code>dataSize</code>. By providing combinations of these parameters, we can reduce the scope of our queries down to manageable and predictable sizes.</p><p>A common example of <code>getProgramAccounts</code> involves interacting with the <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Requesting all accounts owned by the Token Program with a <a href="/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">basic call</a> would involve an enormous amount of data. By providing parameters, however, we can efficiently request just the data we intend to use.</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p>The most common parameter to use with <code>getProgramAccounts</code> is the <code>filters</code> array. This array accepts two types of filters,<code>dataSize</code> and <code>memcmp</code>. Before using either of these filters, we should be familiar with how the data we are requesting is laid out and serialized.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>In the case of the Token Program, we can see that <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">token accounts are 165 bytes in length<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Specifically, a token account has eight different fields, with each field requiring a predictable number of bytes. We can visualize how this data is laid out using the below illustration.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>If we wanted to find all token accounts owned by our wallet address, we could add <code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code> to our <code>filters</code> array to narrow the scope of our query to just accounts that are exactly 165 bytes in length. This alone, however, would be insufficient. We would also need to add a filter that looks for accounts owned by our address. We can achieve this with the <code>memcmp</code> filter.</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p>The <code>memcmp</code> filter, or &quot;memory comparison&quot; filter, allows us to compare data at any field stored on our account. Specifically, we can query only for accounts that match a particular set of bytes at a particular position. <code>memcmp</code> requires two arguments:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: The position at which to begin comparing data. This position is measured in bytes and is expressed as an integer.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: The data that should match the account&#39;s data. This is represented as a base-58 encoded string should be limited to less than 129 bytes.</li></ul><p>It&#39;s important to note that <code>memcmp</code> will only return results that are an exact match on <code>bytes</code>. Currently, it does not support comparisons for values that are less than or greater than the <code>bytes</code> we provide.</p><p>In keeping with our Token Program example, we can amend our query to only return token accounts that are owned by our wallet address. When looking at a token account, we can see the first two fields stored on a token account are both pubkeys, and that each pubkey is 32 bytes in length. Given that <code>owner</code> is the second field, we should begin our <code>memcmp</code> at an <code>offset</code> of 32 bytes. From here, we’ll be looking for accounts whose owner field matches our wallet address.</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>We can invoke this query via the following example:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;uiAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Amount: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1.0 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3.0 */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;jsonParsed&quot;, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 32, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output: </span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;parsed&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;info&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;isNative&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;mint&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;state&quot;: &quot;initialized&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;tokenAmount&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;amount&quot;: &quot;998999999000000000&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;decimals&quot;: 9,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmount&quot;: 998999999,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmountString&quot;: &quot;998999999&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;type&quot;: &quot;account&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;program&quot;: &quot;spl-token&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;space&quot;: 165</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>Outside of the two filter parameters, the third most common parameter for <code>getProgramAccounts</code> is <code>dataSlice</code>. Unlike the <code>filters</code> parameter, <code>dataSlice</code> will not reduce the number of accounts returned by a query. Instead, <code>dataSlice</code> will limit the amount of data for each account.</p><p>Much like <code>memcmp</code>, <code>dataSlice</code> accepts two arguments:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: The position (in number of bytes) at which to begin returning account data</li><li><code>length</code>: The number of bytes which should be returned</li></ul><p><code>dataSlice</code> is particularly useful when we run queries on a large dataset but don’t actually care about the account data itself. An example of this would be if we wanted to find the number of token accounts (i.e. number of token holders) for a particular token mint.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice the empty &lt;Buffer &gt; at acccount.data) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:#?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf: [ ( tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 319, }, ), ( CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ( Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ] */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for &quot;base58&quot;, &quot;base64&quot; or &quot;base64+zstd&quot;</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;base64&quot;, &quot;dataSlice&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;length&quot;: 0 }, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output:</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>By combining all three parameters (<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code>, and <code>memcmp</code>) we can limit the scope of our query and efficiently return only the data we’re interested in.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">abacus-x</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | Solana參考書"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | Solana參考書"><meta name="description" content="Solana祕籍由一系列在Solana公鏈編程中實用的例子、參考所組成"><meta name="og:description" content="Solana祕籍由一系列在Solana公鏈編程中實用的例子、參考所組成"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Solana祕籍 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.b4991d27.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.b6c39787.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="solana祕籍" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#solana祕籍" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Solana祕籍</h1><p>《Solana祕籍》力圖爲你提供在Solana公鏈上編寫去中心化應用所需的核心概念、 參考。 每個概念和參考都會聚焦於Solana開發中的某個具體方面,同時提供額外的技術細節以及用例。</p><h2 id="貢獻代碼" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#貢獻代碼" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 貢獻代碼</h2><p>Solana祕籍的設計力圖讓新的Solana開發者也能容易的貢獻代碼。 即使你還不太瞭解如何做項目,貢獻代碼也是一個很好的學習過程!</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">這裏<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 可以查看所有待解決的issue。</p><p>如果你覺得還有其他哪些建議,可以新建一個issue.</p><h2 id="如何閱讀solana祕籍" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何閱讀solana祕籍" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何閱讀Solana祕籍</h2><p>Solana祕籍分爲不同的章節。每個章節都有不同的目標。</p><table><thead><tr><th>章節</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>核心概念</td><td>Solana的基礎元素。開發者最好能瞭解這些內容。</td></tr><tr><td>指南</td><td>關於開發中所能用到的工具的簡要介紹。</td></tr><tr><td>參考</td><td>常用的代碼片段參考</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/staking.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 質押"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 質押"><meta name="description" content="stake SOL and earn rewards for helping secure the network."><meta name="og:description" content="Stake SOL and earn rewards for helping secure the network. Learn more about Creating Stake Accounts, Delegate Stake, Withdraw Stake and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>質押 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.5cf7a6ff.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.a5ae14b2.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="質押" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#質押" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 質押</h1><h2 id="獲取當前驗證器" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#獲取當前驗證器" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 獲取當前驗證器</h2><p>我們可以質押 SOL 並通過幫助保護網絡來獲得獎勵。要進行質押,我們將 SOL 委託給驗證器,而驗證器則處理交易。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;all validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana validators </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="創建質押賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#創建質押賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 創建質押賬戶</h2><p>所有的質押指令由<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">質押程序 (Stake Program)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 處理。首先,我們創建一個<a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">質押賬戶<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 該賬戶與標準<a href="/zh_t/references/accounts.html#create-a-system-account" class="">系統賬戶</a>創建和管理方式不同。特別是,我們需要設置賬戶的<code>Stake Authority</code>和<code>Withdrawal Authority</code>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="委託質押" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#委託質押" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 委託質押</h2><p>一旦質押賬戶得到資金支持,<code>Stake Authority</code>可以將其委託給一個驗證者。每個質押賬戶一次只能委託給一個驗證者。此外,賬戶中的所有代幣必須要麼被委託,要麼取消委託。一旦委託成功,質押賬戶需要經過幾個時期才能變爲活躍狀態。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="通過驗證器獲取委託人" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#通過驗證器獲取委託人" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 通過驗證器獲取委託人</h2><p>多個賬戶可能已經質押給了特定的驗證賬戶。爲了獲取所有的質押人,我們可以使用 <code>getProgramAccounts</code> 或 <code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API。請參考<a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">指南部分</a> 獲取更多信息。質押賬戶長度爲200字節,選民公鑰從第124字節開始。<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">參考資料<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="停用質押" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#停用質押" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 停用質押</h2><p>在質押賬戶委託後的任何時候,<code>Stake Authority</code>可以選擇停用該賬戶。停用過程可能需要多個時期才能完成,並且在提取任何 SOL 之前必須完成停用操作。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="提取質押" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#提取質押" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 提取質押</h2><p>一旦停用了,<code>Withdrawal Authority</code>可以將 SOL 提取回系統賬戶。一旦質押賬戶不再委託並且餘額爲 0 SOL,它將被銷燬了。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="獲取質押金額" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#獲取質押金額" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 獲取質押金額</h2><p>一旦我們使用多個質押賬戶質押多個代幣,我們可以獲取與我們的特定錢包相關的質押金額。爲此,我們將使用<code>getProgramAccounts</code>或<code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API獲取所有的質押賬戶。有關更多信息,請參考<a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">指南部分</a>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get stake amount for this wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> totalStakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// fetch all stake account for this wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allStakeAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake accounts for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of stake account for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample stake account:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// calculating total stake amount</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> account <span class="token keyword">of</span> allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> totalStakeBalance <span class="token operator">+=</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// total stake amount</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake amount for this wallet in lamports: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>totalStakeBalance<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> totalStakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// fetch all stake account for this wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allStakeAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake accounts for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of stake account for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample stake account:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// calculating total stake amount</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> account <span class="token keyword">of</span> allStakeAccounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> totalStakeBalance <span class="token operator">+=</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// total stake amount</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake amount for this wallet in lamports: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>totalStakeBalance<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 密鑰對和錢包"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 密鑰對和錢包"><meta name="description" content="Learn about Keypairs and Wallets, Signing and Verifying Messages and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn about Keypairs and Wallets, Signing and Verifying Messages and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>密鑰對和錢包 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.c98a65c6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.7c453b59.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="密鑰對和錢包" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#密鑰對和錢包" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 密鑰對和錢包</h1><h2 id="如何生成新的密鑰對" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何生成新的密鑰對" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何生成新的密鑰對</h2><p>對於使用Solana庫執行各種操作,許多操作都需要一個密鑰對或錢包。如果你正在連接到一個錢包,那麼你不必擔心。然而,如果你需要一個密鑰對,你會需要生成一個。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ generate_keypair.cpp -o generate_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ solana-keygen new <span class="token comment"># pubkey: 9ZNTfG4NyQgxy2SWjSiQoUyBPEvXT2xo7fKc5hPYYJ7b</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何從密鑰恢復密鑰對" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從密鑰恢復密鑰對" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從密鑰恢復密鑰對</h2><p>如果你已經有了密鑰,你可以通過這個密鑰獲取密鑰對,以測試你的dApp。</p><ol><li>從字節中:</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ keypair_from_seed.cpp -o keypair_from_seed -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>從Base58字符串:</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何驗證密鑰對" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何驗證密鑰對" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何驗證密鑰對</h2><p>如果你有了個密鑰對,你可以驗證密鑰對的私鑰是否與給定的公鑰匹配。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ verify_keypair.cpp -o verify_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何檢查一個公鑰是否有關聯的私鑰" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何檢查一個公鑰是否有關聯的私鑰" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何檢查一個公鑰是否有關聯的私鑰</h2><p>在某些特殊情況下(例如,派生自程序的地址(PDA)),公鑰可能沒有關聯的私鑰。你可以通過查看公鑰是否位於ed25519曲線上來檢查這一點。只有位於曲線上的公鑰纔可以由具有錢包的用戶控制。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair.generate() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> offCurveAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>offCurveAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> errorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token comment"># Note that Keypair() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment"># Is not a valid public key</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;solana_sdk.h&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair::new() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何生成助記詞" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何生成助記詞" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何生成助記詞</h2><p>如果你正在創建一個錢包,你需要生成一個助記詞,以便用戶可以將其保存爲備份。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何通過助記詞恢復密鑰對" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何通過助記詞恢復密鑰對" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何通過助記詞恢復密鑰對</h2><p>許多錢包擴展使用助記詞來表示其密鑰。你可以將助記詞轉換爲密鑰對以進行本地測試。</p><ol><li>BIP39 - 創建單個錢包的步驟如下:</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5ZWj7a1f8tWkjBESHKgrLmXshuXxqeY9SYcfbshpAqPG</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>BIP44 (多個錢包,也叫HD錢包)</li></ol><p>你可以從一個單一種子生成多個錢包,也被稱爲“分層確定性錢包”或HD錢包。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> HDKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;micro-ed25519-hdkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hd <span class="token operator">=</span> HDKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMasterSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">derive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>privateKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何生成自定義地址-vanity-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何生成自定義地址-vanity-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何生成自定義地址(vanity address)</h2><p>自定義公鑰或地址(Vanity Address)是以特定字符開頭的密鑰。例如,一個人可能希望公鑰以 &quot;elv1s&quot; 或 &quot;cook&quot; 開頭,這樣可以幫助他人記住密鑰所屬的人,使密鑰更容易識別。</p><p>注意: 自定義地址中字符的數量越多,生成時間將會更長。</p><p>::: 警告 在此任務中,您應該使用命令行界面(CLI)。Python和TypeScript的示例僅用於說明,速度比CLI慢得多。 :::</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ vanity_keypair.cpp -o vanity_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何使用錢包來簽名和驗證消息" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用錢包來簽名和驗證消息" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何使用錢包來簽名和驗證消息</h2><p>密鑰對的主要功能是對消息進行簽名並驗證簽名的有效性。通過驗證簽名,接收方可以確保數據是由特定私鑰的所有者簽名的。</p><p>爲此,我們將導入<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 密碼庫,並按照以下步驟進行操作:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> decodeUTF8 <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl-util&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何連接到錢包" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何連接到錢包" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何連接到錢包</h2><p>Solana的<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">錢包適配器<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 庫使客戶端管理錢包連接變得簡單。</p><h3 id="反應" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#反應" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 反應</h3><p>運行以下命令來安裝所需的依賴項:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>React的錢包適配器庫允許我們通過鉤子和上下文提供程序來持久化和訪問錢包連接狀態,主要包括<code>useWallet、WalletProvider</code>、<code>useConnection和ConnectionProvider</code>。<code>WalletProvider</code>和<code>ConnectionProvider</code>必須包裝React應用程。</p><p>此外,我們可以使用<code>useWalletModal</code>來提示用戶進行連接,通過切換連接模態框的可見性,並將應用程序包裝在<code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code>中的<code>WalletModalProvider</code>中。連接模態框將處理連接流程,因此我們只需監聽錢包連接的狀態。當<code>useWallet</code>的響應具有非空的<code>wallet</code>屬性時,我們知道錢包已連接。反之,如果該屬性爲空,我們知道錢包已斷開連接。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useMemo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PropsWithChildren <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletModalProvider <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletAdapterNetwork <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWalletModal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> MouseEventHandler <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Web3Provider<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PropsWithChildren<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Can be set to &#39;devnet&#39;, &#39;testnet&#39;, or &#39;mainnet-beta&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> endpoint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WalletAdapterNetwork<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Devnet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets includes all the adapters but supports tree shaking --</span> <span class="token comment">// Only the wallets you configure here will be compiled into your application</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">endpoint</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>endpoint<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">wallets</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * Make sure to wrap the App with * ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, and WalletModalProvider. * * If you have a lot of Providers already, you can combine them * into a single wrapper (i.e. Web3Provider) instead. */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">App</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AppChild</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">AppChild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Display the connection modal</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt user to connect wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>運行以下命令來安裝所需的依賴項:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana的Vue钱包<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 插件允许我们初始化钱包存储,并创建一个名为<code>$wallet</code>的全局属性,可以在任何组件中访问。你可以在<a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">此处<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 查看可以从<code>useWallet()</code>获取的所有属性和方法。我们还导入并渲染WalletMultiButton组件,以允许用户选择钱包并连接到它。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Vue</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> initWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">wallets</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">initWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connected<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>connected<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Wallet with public key {{ wallet.publicKey }} successfully connected! <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-else</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>運行以下命令來安裝所需的依賴項:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 包允许我们在使用Svelte模板或SvelteKit创建的项目中,在所有JS、TS或/和Svelte文件之间添加一个可访问的Svelte Store(<code>$walletStore</code>)。使用 <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">此处<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 的存储库引用,您可以在SSR或SPA中使用适配器。UI包含一个<code>&lt;WalletMultiButton /&gt;</code>组件,允许用户选择一个钱包并连接到它。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Svelte</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletMultiButton<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SolflareWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> localStorageKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;walletAdapter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// localhost or mainnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SolflareWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{localStorageKey}</span> <span class="token attr-name">{wallets}</span> <span class="token attr-name">autoConnect</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>ConnectionProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{network}</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 賬戶資料"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 賬戶資料"><meta name="description" content="Learn more about accounts on Solana and how to use them in your programs."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn more about accounts on Solana and how to use them in your programs."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>賬戶 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.5a2213a5.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.9bb37cd5.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 賬戶</h1><h2 id="如何創建系統賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建系統賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建系統賬戶</h2><p>創建一個由<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">系統程序<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 擁有的賬戶。Solana運行時將授予賬戶的所有者對其數據的寫入權限或轉移Lamports的訪問權限。在創建賬戶時,我們需要預先分配一定大小的存儲空間(space)和足夠的Lamports來支付租金。 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">租金(Rent)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 是在Solana上保持賬戶活躍所需支付的費用。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// amount of space to reserve for the account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何計算賬戶費用" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何計算賬戶費用" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何計算賬戶費用</h2><p>在Solana上保持賬戶活躍會產生一項存儲費用,稱爲 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">租金/rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。通過存入至少兩年租金的金額,你可以使賬戶完全免除租金收取。對於費用的計算,你需要考慮你打算在賬戶中存儲的數據量。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;rent exemption amount: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana rent <span class="token number">1500</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何使用種子創建賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用種子創建賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何使用種子創建賬戶</h2><p>你可以使用 <code>createAccountWithSeed</code> 方法來管理您的賬戶,而無需創建大量不同的密鑰對。</p><h3 id="生成" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#生成" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 生成</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="創建" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#創建" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 創建</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating account with seed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="轉賬" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#轉賬" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 轉賬</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>只有由系統程序擁有的賬戶才能通過系統程序進行轉賬。</p></div><h2 id="如何創建pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建PDA</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">程序派生地址/Program derived address(PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 與普通地址相比具有以下區別:</p><ol><li>不在ed25519曲線上</li><li>使用程序進行簽名,而不是使用私鑰</li></ol><p><strong>注意</strong>: PDA賬戶只能在程序上創建,地址可以在客戶端創建。</p><p>::: 貼士 儘管PDA是由程序ID派生的,但這並不意味着PDA歸屬於相同的程序。(舉個例子,你可以將PDA初始化爲代幣賬戶,這是一個由代幣程序擁有的賬戶) :::</p><h3 id="生成一個pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#生成一個pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 生成一個PDA</h3><p><code>findProgramAddress</code>會在你的種子末尾添加一個額外的字節。它從255遞減到0,並返回第一個不在ed25519曲線上的公鑰。如果您傳入相同的程序ID和種子,您將始終獲得相同的結果。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span> <span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is [&quot;test&quot; + bump]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pda: {}, bump: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="創建一個pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#創建一個pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 創建一個PDA</h3><p>以下是一個創建由程序擁有的PDA賬戶的示例程序,以及一個使用客戶端調用該程序的示例。</p><h4 id="程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 程序</h4><p>下面是一個示例,展示了使用<code>system_instruction::create_account</code>創建一個具有預分配數據大小爲<code>space</code>、預支付<code>rent_lamports</code>數量的lamports的PDA賬戶的單條指令。該指令使用PDA進行簽名,並使用<code>invoke_signed</code>進行調用,與前面討論的類似。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// find space and minimum rent required for account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="客戶端" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#客戶端" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 客戶端</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何使用pda簽名" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用pda簽名" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何使用PDA簽名</h2><p>PDAs只能在程序內部進行簽名。以下是使用PDA進行簽名的程序示例,並使用客戶端調用該程序的示例。</p><h3 id="程序-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#程序-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 程序</h3><p>以下示例展示了一個單個指令,用於從由種子<code>escrow</code>派生的 PDA 轉賬 SOL 到指定的賬戶。使用 <code>invoke_signed</code> 函數來使用 PDA 簽名。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// pass bump seed for saving compute budget</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump_seed <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="客户端" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#客户端" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 客户端</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pdaAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pdaAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random `to`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">receiver: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲取程序賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲取程序賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲取程序賬戶</h2><p>返回所有由程序擁有的賬戶。請參考 <a href="/zh_t/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">指南部分</a> ,獲取有關<code>getProgramAccounts</code>及其配置的更多信息。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U: [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 229 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;accounts for {}, {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;:&quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;:[&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;]} &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output</span> <span class="token comment"># {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;,&quot;result&quot;:[{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:228},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd&quot;},{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:229},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:1}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何關閉賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何關閉賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何關閉賬戶</h2><p>你可以通過移除賬戶中的所有 SOL(以擦除所有存儲數據的方式)來關閉一個賬戶。(你可以參考<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>來了解更多信息。)</p><h4 id="程序-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#程序-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 程序</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="客户端-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#客户端-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 客户端</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to deploy your program first</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> newAccountKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">new account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">create account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createNewAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">close account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>closeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲取賬戶餘額" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲取賬戶餘額" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲取賬戶餘額</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The account {}, has {} SOL &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;balance = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> balance <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>如果你想獲取代幣餘額,你需要知道代幣賬戶的地址。如果像瞭解更多信息,請參考 <a href="/zh_t/references/token.html" class="">Token References</a></p></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | Solana程序資料"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana密集 | Solana程序資料"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to write programs on Solana, with references on cross program invocation, reading accounts, and more"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to write programs on Solana, with references on cross program invocation, reading accounts, and more"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>編寫程序 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.bc91a8b3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.e8e9b38e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="編寫程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#編寫程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 編寫程序</h1><h2 id="如何在程序中轉移-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在程序中轉移-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在程序中轉移 SOL</h2><p>你的Solana程序可以在不&quot;調用&quot;系統程序的情況下將lamports從一個賬戶轉移給另一個賬戶。基本規則是,你的程序可以將lamports從你的程序所擁有的任何賬戶轉移到任何賬戶。</p><p>接收方賬戶不一定要是你的程序所擁有的賬戶。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span> <span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span> <span class="token comment">/// to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the &#39;from&#39; and &#39;to&#39; accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extract a service &#39;fee&#39; of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span> <span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span> <span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何在程序中獲取時鐘" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在程序中獲取時鐘" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在程序中獲取時鐘</h2><p>獲取時鐘的方法有兩種:</p><ol><li>將<code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code>作爲指令的參數傳入。</li><li>在指令內部直接訪問時鐘。</li></ol><p>瞭解這兩種方法會對你有好處,因爲一些傳統的程序仍然將SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY作爲一個賬戶來使用。</p><h3 id="在指令中將時鐘作爲一個賬戶傳遞" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#在指令中將時鐘作爲一個賬戶傳遞" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 在指令中將時鐘作爲一個賬戶傳遞</h3><p>讓我們創建一個指令,該指令接收一個賬戶用於初始化,並接收 SYSVAR 的公鑰。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Clock sys var</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Clock sysvar</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> sysvar_clock_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>現在,我們通過客戶端傳遞時鐘的 SYSVAR 公共地址:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="在指令內部直接訪問時鐘" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#在指令內部直接訪問時鐘" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 在指令內部直接訪問時鐘</h3><p>讓我們創建同樣的指令,但這次我們不需要從客戶端傳遞<code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting clock directly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>現在,客戶端只需要傳遞狀態和支付賬戶的指令:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何更改賬戶大小" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何更改賬戶大小" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何更改賬戶大小</h2><p>你可以使用<code>realloc</code>函數來更改程序擁有的賬戶的大小。<code>realloc</code>函數可以將賬戶的大小調整到最大10KB。當你使用<code>realloc</code>增加賬戶的大小時,你需要轉移lamports以保持該賬戶的租金免除狀態。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Length = BOOL + VEC + Pubkey * n (n = number of keys)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;input: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AddKey</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;AddKey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="跨程序調用的方法" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#跨程序調用的方法" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 跨程序調用的方法</h2><p>跨程序調用,簡單來說,就是在我們的程序中調用另一個程序的指令。一個很好的例子是<code>Uniswap</code>的<code>swap</code>功能。<code>UniswapV2Router</code>合約調用必要的邏輯進行交換,並調用<code>ERC20</code>合約的transfer函數將代幣從一個人轉移到另一個人。同樣的方式,我們可以調用程序的指令來實現多種目的。</p><p>讓我們來看看我們的第一個例子,即<code>SPL Token Program</code>的<code>transfer</code>指令。進行轉賬所需的賬戶包括:</p><ol><li>源代幣賬戶(我們持有代幣的賬戶)</li><li>目標代幣賬戶(我們要將代幣轉移至的賬戶)</li><li>源代幣賬戶的持有者(我們將爲其簽名的錢包地址)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder&#39;s PubKey</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account to send to</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> destination_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Our wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account_holder <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Result&lt;Instruction, ProgramError&gt;) Ok(Instruction { program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER accounts, data, }) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><br> 相應的客戶端指令如下所示。有關了解鑄幣和代幣創建指令,請參考附近的完整代碼。 <br><br><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> u64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint and token accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Numbers</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for mint account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createMintAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> mintRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> mintDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing mint with decimals and authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeMintIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mintAuthority</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freezeAuthority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for source token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMintToInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for destination token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (transfer)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createMintAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeMintIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>現在讓我們來看另一個例子,即<code>System Program</code>的<code>create_account</code>指令。這裏與上面提到的指令有一點不同。在上述例子中,我們不需要在<code>invoke</code>函數中將<code>token_program</code>作爲賬戶之一傳遞。然而,在某些情況下,您需要傳遞調用指令的<code>program_id</code>。在我們的例子中,它將是<code>System Program</code>的<code>program_id</code>(&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;)。所以現在所需的賬戶包括:</p><ol><li>負責支付租金的支付賬戶</li><li>將要創建的賬戶</li><li>系統程序(System Program)賬戶</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>create_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Payer account for the state account creation</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> general_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Creating account for {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Instruction) Instruction::new_with_bincode( system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER &amp;SystemInstruction::CreateAccount { lamports, space, owner: *owner, }, account_metas, ) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issused program_id)</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>對應的客戶端代碼如下所示:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何創建pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建PDA</h2><p>程序派生地址(Program Derived Address,PDA)是程序擁有的賬戶,但沒有私鑰。相反,它的簽名是通過一組種子和一個阻礙值(一個確保其不在曲線上的隨機數)獲取的。&quot;生成&quot;程序地址與&quot;創建&quot;它是不同的。可以使用<code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code>來生成PDA。創建PDA實質上意味着初始化該地址的空間並將其狀態設置爲初始狀態。普通的密鑰對賬戶可以在我們的程序之外創建,然後將其用於初始化PDA的狀態。不幸的是,對於PDA來說,它必須在鏈上創建,因爲它本身無法代表自己進行簽名。因此,我們使用<code>invoke_signed</code>來傳遞PDA的種子,以及資金賬戶的簽名,從而實現了PDA的賬戶創建。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Funding account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] PDA account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting required accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting PDA Bump from instruction data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if passed PDA and expected PDA are equal</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Assessing required lamports and creating transaction instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Invoking the instruction but with PDAs as additional signer</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setting state for PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>可以通過客戶端按如下方式發送所需的賬戶:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdop to Payer</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">PDA Pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Created PDA successfully. Tx Hash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何讀取賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何讀取賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何讀取賬戶</h2><p>在Solana中,幾乎所有的指令都至少需要2-3個賬戶,並且在指令處理程序中會說明它期望的賬戶順序。如果我們利用Rust中的<code>iter()</code>方法,而不是手動索引賬戶,那麼這將非常簡單。<code>next_account_info</code>方法基本上是對可迭代對象的第一個索引進行切片,並返回賬戶數組中存在的賬戶。讓我們看一個簡單的指令,它期望一堆賬戶並需要解析每個賬戶。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Rent account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何驗證賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何驗證賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何驗證賬戶</h2><p>由於Solana中的程序是無狀態的,作爲程序創建者,我們必須儘可能驗證傳遞的賬戶,以避免任何惡意賬戶的進入。可以進行的基本檢查包括:</p><ol><li>檢查預期的簽名賬戶是否已簽名。</li><li>檢查預期的狀態賬戶是否已標記爲可寫。</li><li>檢查預期的狀態賬戶的所有者是否爲調用程序的程序ID。</li><li>如果首次初始化狀態,請檢查賬戶是否已經初始化。</li><li>檢查是否按預期傳遞了任何跨程序的ID(在需要時)。</li></ol><p>下面是一個基本的指令,它使用上述檢查初始化英雄狀態賬戶的示例:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何從一個交易中讀取多個指令" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從一個交易中讀取多個指令" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從一個交易中讀取多個指令</h2><p>Solana允許我們查看當前交易中的所有指令。我們可以將它們存儲在一個變量中,並對其進行迭代。我們可以利用這一點做許多事情,比如檢查可疑的交易。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sysvar<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">serialize_utils<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>read_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_u16<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">cookbook</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">read_multiple_instruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creator_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> program_id <span class="token operator">!=</span> id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction had ix with program id {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(creator_bump:u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(address = sysvar::instructions::id())]</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;No instructions found&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Suspicious transaction detected&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/local-development.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 本地開發"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 本地開發"><meta name="description" content="Setup Local Validator for local developer environment and Airdrop SOL. Learn about Local Development and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Setup Local Validator and Airdrop SOL for building on Solana Locally. Learn about Local Development and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>本地開發 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.720fba0c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.d92b65d2.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="本地開發" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#本地開發" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 本地開發</h1><h2 id="開啓本地驗證器" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#開啓本地驗證器" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 開啓本地驗證器</h2><p>在本地測試驗證器比在開發網絡(devnet)上進行測試更可靠,並且可以幫助你在開發網絡上運行之前進行測試。</p><p>你可以通過安裝 <a href="/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="">solana工具套件</a> 並運行以下命令來設置本地測試驗證器:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>使用本地測試驗證器的好處包括:</p><ul><li>無RPC速率限制</li><li>無空投限制</li><li>直接在鏈上部署程序(<code>--bpf-program ...</code>)</li><li>從公共集羣克隆賬戶,包括程序(<code>--clone ...</code>)</li><li>可配置的事務歷史保留(<code>--limit-ledger-size ...</code>)</li><li>可配置的紀元長度(<code>--slots-per-epoch ...</code>)</li><li>跳轉到任意槽位(<code>--warp-slot ...</code>)</li></ul><h2 id="連接到不同環境" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#連接到不同環境" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 連接到不同環境</h2><p>當你進行Solana開發時,你需要連接到特定的RPC API端點。Solana有三個公共的開發環境:</p><ul><li>mainnet-beta https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</li><li>devnet https://api.devnet.solana.com</li><li>testnet https://api.testnet.solana.com</li></ul><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>最後,你還可以連接到私有集羣,無論是本地的還是遠程運行的,使用以下方式:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// This will connect you to your local validator</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="訂閱事件" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#訂閱事件" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 訂閱事件</h2><p>Websockets提供了一種發佈/訂閱接口,你可以在其中監聽特定的事件。與在固定時間間隔內對典型的HTTP端點進行輪詢以獲取頻繁的更新不同,你可以僅在事件發生時才接收這些更新。</p><p>Solana的web3<a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>連接</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 在底層生成一個websocket端點,並在創建新的<code>Connection</code>實例時註冊一個websocket客戶端(請參閱 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js/blob/45923ca00e4cc1ed079d8e55ecbee83e5b4dc174/src/connection.ts#L2100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">此處<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>) 的源代碼)。</p><p><code>Connection</code>類提供了發佈/訂閱方法,它們都以<code>on</code>開頭,類似於事件發射器。當您調用這些監聽器方法時,它會在該<code>Connection</code>實例的websocket客戶端中註冊一個新的訂閱。下面我們使用的示例發佈/訂閱方法是<a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#onAccountChange" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>onAccountChange</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 回調函數將通過參數提供更新的狀態數據(例如,查看A<a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/modules.html#AccountChangeCallback" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>AccountChangeCallback</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 作爲示例)。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> asyncio <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>websocket_api <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> asyncio<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ on_account_change.cpp -o on_account_change -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubsub_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ws_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscription<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> subscription<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful, listening for events&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>thread<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">spawn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">move</span> <span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Waiting for a message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Connection broke with {:}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Errooooor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="獲取測試用的sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#獲取測試用的sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 獲取測試用的SOL</h2><p>你在本地工作時,爲了發送交易,你需要一些 SOL。在非主網環境中,你可以向你的地址空投 SOL,獲取SOL。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ request_airdrop.cpp -o request_airdrop -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># Return</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;1 SOL&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="使用主網-mainnet-賬戶和程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用主網-mainnet-賬戶和程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用主網 (Mainnet) 賬戶和程序</h2><p>本地測試通常依賴於僅在主網上可用的程序和賬戶。Solana CLI 提供了以下兩個功能:</p><p>*下載程序和賬戶 *將程序和賬戶加載到本地驗證器中</p><h3 id="如何從主網加載賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從主網加載賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從主網加載賬戶</h3><p>可以將SRM代幣的鑄造(mint)賬戶下載到文件中:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana account -u &lt;source cluster&gt; --output &lt;output format&gt; --output-file &lt;destination file name/path&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt;</span> solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>然後,通過在啓動驗證器時傳遞該賬戶文件和目標地址(在本地集羣上)你可以將其加載到本地網絡:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --account &lt;address to load the account to&gt; &lt;path to account file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何從主網加載程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從主網加載程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從主網加載程序</h3><p>同樣地,我們可以下載Serum Dex v3程序:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana program dump -u &lt;source cluster&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt; &lt;destination file name/path&gt;</span> solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>然後,在啓動驗證器時,通過傳遞程序的文件和目標地址(在本地集羣上)來將其加載到本地網絡:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;address to load the program to&gt; &lt;path to program file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/nfts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 非同質化代幣 (NFTs)"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 非同質化代幣 (NFTs)"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to get NFT metadata, get NFT owners, mint NFTs on Solana, and more"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to get NFT metadata, get NFT owners, mint NFTs on Solana, and more"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>非同質化代幣 (NFTs) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.2c1ad270.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.1e42ca51.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="非同質化代幣-nfts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#非同質化代幣-nfts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 非同質化代幣 (NFTs)</h1><h2 id="如何創建一個nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建一個nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建一個NFT</h2><p>要創建一個 NFT,你需要:</p><ol><li>將圖像上傳到像 Arweave 這樣的 IPFS 網絡上。</li><li>將 JSON 元數據上傳到像 Arweave 這樣的 IPFS 網絡上。</li><li>調用 Metaplex 創建一個用於該 NFT 的賬戶。</li></ol><h3 id="上傳到-arweave" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#上傳到-arweave" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 上傳到 Arweave</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> fs <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> Arweave <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> arweave <span class="token operator">=</span> Arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> host<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave.net&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">443</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> protocol<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> logging<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;imageUrl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">symbol</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> external_url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> trait_type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> collection<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> family<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> properties<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> files<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> category<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creators<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> image<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;metadata txid&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arweave_lib <span class="token keyword">import</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> API_URL <span class="token keyword">import</span> json <span class="token comment"># Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload image to Arweave</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># Define metadata</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;symbol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;seller_fee_basis_points&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;external_url&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;attributes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;trait_type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;properties&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;files&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;uri&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;category&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;maxSupply&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;creators&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;share&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment"># 1. Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 2. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># 3. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="鑄造-mint-該-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#鑄造-mint-該-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 鑄造(Mint)該 NFT</h3><p>如果你已經上傳了圖像和元數據,您可以使用以下代碼鑄造(Mint)該 NFT。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> dotenv <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;dotenv&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> dotenv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">SOLANA_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintNFTResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">注意</p><p>你不能使用與你錢包不同的創作者信息來鑄造(Mint) NFT。如果遇到創作者的問題,請確保你的元數據中將你列爲創作者。</p></div><h2 id="如何獲取-nft-元數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲取-nft-元數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲取 NFT 元數據</h2><p>Metaplex 的 NFT 元數據存儲在 Arweave 上。爲了獲取 Arweave 的元數據,您需要獲取 Metaplex PDA(程序派生賬戶)並對賬戶數據進行解碼。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { name: &#39;SMB #139&#39;, symbol: &#39;SMB&#39;, description: &#39;SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.&#39;, seller_fee_basis_points: 600, image: &#39;https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q&#39;, external_url: &#39;https://solanamonkey.business/&#39;, collection: { name: &#39;SMB Gen2&#39;, family: &#39;SMB&#39; }, attributes: [ { trait_type: &#39;Attributes Count&#39;, value: 2 }, { trait_type: &#39;Type&#39;, value: &#39;Solana&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Clothes&#39;, value: &#39;Orange Shirt&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Ears&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Mouth&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Eyes&#39;, value: &#39;Cool Glasses&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Hat&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; } ], properties: { files: [ [Object], [Object] ], category: &#39;image&#39;, creators: [ [Object] ] } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲取nft的所有者" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲取nft的所有者" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲取NFT的所有者</h2><p>如果你擁有 NFT 的鑄幣密鑰,你可以通過查看該鑄幣密鑰對應的最大代幣賬戶來找到其當前所有者。</p><p>請記住,NFT 的供應量爲 1,它們是不可分割的,這意味着在任何時刻只有一個代幣賬戶持有該代幣,而其他所有與該鑄幣密鑰相關的代幣賬戶的餘額都爲 0。</p><p>一旦確定了最大代幣賬戶,我們可以獲取它的所有者。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9&gt; } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲取-nft-的鑄幣地址" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲取-nft-的鑄幣地址" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲取 NFT 的鑄幣地址</h2><p>如果你知道Candy Machine的公鑰,你可以使用以下代碼獲取從該Candy Machine生成的所有 NFT 鑄幣地址的列表。請注意,我們可以使用以下的 <code>memcmp</code> 過濾器,因爲在 v1 版本中,第一個創作者的地址總是Candy Machine的地址。</p><h3 id="candy-machine-v1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V1</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="candy-machine-v2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V2</h3><p>如果你正在使用Candy Machine v2,你首先需要訪問其 &quot;Candy Machine Creator&quot; 地址,該地址是一個簡單的 PDA,使用<code>candy_machine</code>和Candy Machine v2 地址作爲種子生成。一旦你獲得了創建者地址,你可以像對待 v1 版本一樣使用它。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何從錢包獲取所有-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從錢包獲取所有-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從錢包獲取所有 NFT?</h2><p>當從錢包獲取所有 NFT 時,你需要獲取所有的代幣賬戶,然後解析出其中的 NFT。你可以使用 Metaplex JS 庫中的 <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js/blob/248b61baf89a69b88f9a461e32b1cbd54a9b0a18/src/programs/metadata/accounts/Metadata.ts#L220-L236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findDataByOwner</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 方法來完成這個過程。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="candy-machine-v2-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine v2</h2><p>Metaplex JS SDK 現在支持通過代碼創建和更新Candy Machine v2。它使開發者能夠與糖果機v2 程序進行交互,創建、更新和刪除Candy Machine,並從中鑄造(Mint) NFT。</p><h3 id="如何創建candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">createCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何刪除candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何刪除candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何刪除Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">deleteCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Delete Candy Machine signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>signature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">deleteCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何通過權限查找candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何通過權限查找candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何通過權限查找Candy Machine</h3><p>要查找所有權限爲特定公鑰的 Candy Machine,我們需要使用 <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 函數,並將 <code>type</code> 參數設置爲 <code>authority</code>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何通過錢包地址查找candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何通過錢包地址查找candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何通過錢包地址查找Candy Machine</h3><p>要通過錢包地址獲取 Candy Machine 對象,我們需要使用 <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 函數,並將 <code>type</code> 參數設置爲 <code>wallet</code>。你可以從瀏覽器的 &quot;Anchor data&quot; 選項卡中獲取 Candy Machine 的錢包地址。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何通過candy-machine的地址查找它" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何通過candy-machine的地址查找它" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何通過Candy Machine的地址查找它</h3><p>要通過Candy Machine的地址查找Candy Machine,我們需要使用<a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findByAddress" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findByAddress</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 函數。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何從candy-machine找到鑄造-mint-的-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從candy-machine找到鑄造-mint-的-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從Candy Machine找到鑄造(mint)的 NFT</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何將物品插入到candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何將物品插入到candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何將物品插入到Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">insertItems</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="如何從candy-machine鑄造-mint-一個-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何從candy-machine鑄造-mint-一個-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何從Candy Machine鑄造(Mint)一個 NFT</h3><p>默認情況下,鑄造的 NFT 的所有者是<code>metaplex.identity().publicKey</code>。如果你希望將 NFT 鑄造到其他錢包中,可以將新的錢包公鑰與<code>newOwner</code>參數一起傳遞。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">mintNft</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">mintNft</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/basic-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 發送交易"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 發送交易"><meta name="description" content="Learn Basic Transactions like Sending SOL, SPL-Tokens, Calculating Transaction Cost, and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn Basic Transactions like Sending SOL, SPL-Tokens, Calculating Transaction Cost, and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>發送交易 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.1913df43.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.1abb92a6.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="發送交易" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#發送交易" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 發送交易</h1><h2 id="如何發送sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何發送sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何發送SOL</h2><p>要發送SOL,你需要與<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SystemProgram<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 交互。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program <span class="token keyword">import</span> TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transfer LAMPORT_PER_SOL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> sender <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> receiver <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> LAMPORT_PER_SOL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop_signature <span class="token operator">=</span> airdrop<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>confirm_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdrop_signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> frompubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> topubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_to_send <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Airdropping some Sol to the &#39;from&#39; account</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Creating the transfer sol instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>topubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Putting the transfer sol instruction into a transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Failed to get latest blockhash.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Sending the transfer sol transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error transferring Sol:, {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何發送spl-代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何發送spl-代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何發送SPL-代幣</h2><p>使用 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 來轉移SPL代幣。爲了發送SPL代幣,你需要知道它的SPL代幣賬戶地址。你可以使用以下示例來獲取地址併發送代幣。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet keypair and airdrop SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Wait for airdrop confirmation</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fromAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet to receive newly minted token</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the token account of the fromWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//get the token account of the toWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting 1 new token to the &quot;fromTokenAccount&quot; account we just returned/created</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// it&#39;s 1 token, but in lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendSPLTokenToAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何計算交易成本" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何計算交易成本" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何計算交易成本</h2><p>交易所需的簽名數量用於計算交易成本。只要你不是創建賬戶,這將是最終的交易成本。如果想了解創建賬戶的成本,請參考 <a href="/zh_t/references/accounts.html#calculating-rent-exemption" class="">計算租金豁免</a></p><p>下面的兩個示例展示了目前可用於計算估計交易成本的兩種方法。</p><p>第一個示例使用了<code>Transaction</code>類上的新方法<code>getEstimatedFee</code>,而第二個示例使用了<code>Connection</code>類上的<code>getFeeForMessage</code>來替代<code>getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash</code>。</p><h3 id="getestimatedfee" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getestimatedfee" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getEstimatedFee</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="getfeeformessage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getfeeformessage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getFeeForMessage</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> layoutFields <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> instruction<span class="token operator">:</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>layoutFields<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accountKeys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> header<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> numReadonlySignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numRequiredSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programIdIndex<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何向交易添加備註" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何向交易添加備註" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何向交易添加備註</h2><p>任何交易都可以利用 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/memo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">備註程序 (memo program)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. 添加消息。目前,備註程序的<code>programID</code>必須手動添加爲<code>MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr</code>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何更改交易的計算預算、費用和優先級" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何更改交易的計算預算、費用和優先級" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何更改交易的計算預算、費用和優先級</h2><p>交易(TX)的優先級是通過支付優先級費用(Prioritization Fee)來實現的,此外還需要支付基本費用(Base Fee)。默認情況下,計算預算是200,000個計算單元(Compute Units,CU)與指令數的乘積,最大爲1.4M CU。基本費用是5,000個Lamport。一個微型Lamport等於0.000001個Lamport。</p><p>要更改單個交易的總計算預算或優先級費用,可以通過添加ComputeBudgetProgram的指令來實現。</p><p>使用<code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: number })</code>可以在基本費用(5,000個Lamport)之上添加優先級費用。microLamports參數提供的值將與計算預算的CU數相乘,以確定優先級費用(以Lamport爲單位)。例如,如果您的計算預算爲1M CU,然後添加1個microLamport/CU,優先級費用將爲1個Lamport(1M * 0.000001)。總費用將爲5001個Lamport。</p><p>使用<code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: number })</code>來設置新的計算預算。提供的值將替換默認值。交易應該請求執行所需的最小數量的CU,以最大化吞吐量或最小化費用。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/anchor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Total fee will be 5,001 Lamports for 1M CU</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief Example Budget Management</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Increase the Transaction Budget and call normal instruction(s)</span> <span class="token comment">/// Here we send redundant transactions to witness Compute Budget drawdown</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">send_instructions_demo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>程序日誌示例 ( <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2mNPXeoy3kFxo12L8avsEoep65S4Ehvw2sheduDrAXbmmNJwTtXNmUrb5MM3s15eki2MWSQrwyKGAUQFZ9wAGo9K/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Explorer<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ):</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Log Output</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>[ 1] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 2] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success [ 3] [ 4] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 5] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/name-service.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 命名服務"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 命名服務"><meta name="description" content="The name registry stores information about the domain name. Learn about Resolving SOL domains, Reverse/Subdomain look up, more about Name Service and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="The name registry stores information about the domain name. Learn about Resolving SOL domains, Reverse, Subdomain look up, more about Name Service and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>命名服務 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.38938728.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.92fe381f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="命名服務" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#命名服務" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 命名服務</h1><h2 id="名稱註冊表" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#名稱註冊表" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 名稱註冊表</h2><p>名稱註冊表存儲與域名有關的信息。它由兩部分組成:</p><ul><li>頭部 (Header)</li><li>數據 (Data)</li></ul><p>域名的數據始終以頭部爲前綴。以下是頭部在 JavaScript 中的結構:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Schema <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="解析sol域名" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#解析sol域名" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 解析SOL域名</h2><p>.SOL 域名是獨特的、易於理解的域名,可以轉換爲公鑰。許多錢包使用它們作爲發送代幣或 SOL 的另一種選項。你可以使用以下方法將 .SOL 域名轉換爲對應的公鑰:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="反向查找" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#反向查找" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 反向查找</h2><p>這可以用於從公鑰解析域名。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> performReverseLookup <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="子域名查找" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#子域名查找" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 子域名查找</h2><p>爲了解析一個子域名,你需要:</p><ol><li>域名的密鑰</li><li>域名的密鑰</li><li>檢索賬戶信息</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getDNSRecordAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Resolution of demo.bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="查找由公鑰擁有的所有域名" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#查找由公鑰擁有的所有域名" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 查找由公鑰擁有的所有域名</h2><p>你可以通過使用帶有<code>memcmp</code>過濾器的<code>getProgramAccounts</code>請求來檢索錢包的所有域名。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="解析一個twitter用戶名" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#解析一個twitter用戶名" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 解析一個Twitter用戶名</h2><p>Twitter用戶名可以在 [Solana名稱服務上註冊](https://naming.bonfida.org/#/twitter-registration 並可以像.SOL域名一樣使用。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHandleAndRegistryKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="twitter用戶名的反向查找" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#twitter用戶名的反向查找" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Twitter用戶名的反向查找</h2><p>爲了找到與Twitter用戶名相關聯的SOL地址,你可以進行反向查找。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getTwitterRegistry <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/offline-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 發送離線交易"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 發送離線交易"><meta name="description" content="After signing the Offline Transaction, anyone can broadcast it on the network. Learn more about Sending Offline Transactions and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="After signing the Offline Transaction, anyone can broadcast it on the network. Learn more about Sending Offline Transactions and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>發送離線交易 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.7dc3f34e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.5d4f9b52.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="發送離線交易" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#發送離線交易" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 發送離線交易</h1><h2 id="簽署交易" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#簽署交易" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 簽署交易</h2><p>要創建離線交易,你需要簽署交易,然後任何人都可以在網絡上廣播它。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// to complete a offline transaction, I will seperate them into four steps</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send Transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// create connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`</span> <span class="token comment">// alice and feePayer are signer in this tx</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bob <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bob<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRecentBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> realDataNeedToSign <span class="token operator">=</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// the real data singer need to sign.</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// use any lib you like, the main idea is to use ed25519 to sign it.</span> <span class="token comment">// the return signature should be 64 bytes.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> feePayerSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> aliceSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Tranasction</span> <span class="token comment">// you can verify signatures before you recovering the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyFeePayerSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// you should use the raw pubkey (32 bytes) to verify</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify feePayer signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyFeePayerSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyAliceSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify alice signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyAliceSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// if this process takes too long, your recent blockhash will expire (after 150 blocks).</span> <span class="token comment">// you can use `durable nonce` to get rid of it.</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="部分簽署交易" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#部分簽署交易" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 部分簽署交易</h2><p>當一個交易需要多個簽名時,你可以部分簽署它。其他簽署者隨後可以簽署並在網絡上廣播該交易。</p><p>以下是一些有用的情況示例:</p><ul><li>用支付作爲交換髮送 SPL 代幣</li><li>簽署交易以便以後驗證其真實性</li><li>在需要你簽名的自定義程序中調用交易</li></ul><p>在這個例子中,Bob給Alice發送了一個 SPL 代幣,回報Alice的付款:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> base58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* The transaction: * - sends 0.01 SOL from Alice to Bob * - sends 1 token from Bob to Alice * - is partially signed by Bob, so Alice can approve + send it */</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> base58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Gh9ZwEmdLJ8DscKNTkTqPbNwLNNBjuSzaG9Vp2KGtKJr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobTokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice may not have a token account, so Bob creates one if not</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> aliceTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Bob pays the fee to create it</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// which token the account is for</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token comment">// who the token account is for</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the details about the token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get a recent blockhash to include in the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;finalized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice pays the transaction fee</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 0.01 SOL from Alice -&gt; Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 1 token from Bob -&gt; Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Partial sign as Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the transaction and convert to base64 to return it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// We will need Alice to deserialize and sign the transaction</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionBase64 <span class="token operator">=</span> serializedTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// The caller of this can convert it back to a transaction object:</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Add an instruction to send the token from Bob to Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Bob partially signs the transaction</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Serialize the transaction without requiring all signatures</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Alice can deserialize the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="耐久性的-nonce" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#耐久性的-nonce" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 耐久性的 Nonce</h2><p><code>RecentBlockhash</code>對於交易非常重要。如果你使用一個過期的最近區塊哈希(在150個區塊後),你的交易將被拒絕。你可以使用耐久性Nonce來獲取一個永不過期的最近區塊哈希。要觸發這種機制,你的交易必須:</p><ol><li>使用存儲在<code>nonce</code>賬戶中的<code>nonce</code>作爲最近的區塊哈希。</li><li>將<code>nonce advance</code>操作放在第一個指令中。</li></ol><h3 id="創建nonce賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#創建nonce賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 創建Nonce賬戶</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="獲取nonce賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#獲取nonce賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 獲取Nonce賬戶</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">authority: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authorizedPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">fee calculator: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feeCalculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="使用nonce賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用nonce賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用Nonce賬戶</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/references/token.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 與代幣互動"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 與代幣互動"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to use, transfer, and more with tokens on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to use, transfer, and more with tokens on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>與代幣互動 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.36202d18.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.495dbb1a.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 代幣</h1><h2 id="我需要什麼才能開始使用spl代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#我需要什麼才能開始使用spl代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 我需要什麼才能開始使用SPL代幣?</h2><p>每當你在Solana上與代幣進行交互時,實際上你正在與Solana程序庫代幣(SPL-Token)或SPL代幣標準交互。SPL代幣標準需要使用特定的庫,你可以根據你使用的編程語言在下面找到相應的庫。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;: &quot;^0.2.0&quot; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何創建一個新的代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建一個新的代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建一個新的代幣</h2><p>創建代幣是通過創建所謂的“鑄幣賬戶”來完成的。這個鑄幣賬戶隨後用於向用戶的代幣賬戶鑄造代幣。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createInitializeMintInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲得一個代幣鑄幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲得一個代幣鑄幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲得一個代幣鑄幣賬戶</h2><p>爲了獲得代幣的當前供應量、授權信息或小數位數,你需要獲取代幣鑄幣賬戶的賬戶信息。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getMint <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAccountPublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, mintAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, supply: 0n, decimals: 8, isInitialized: true, freezeAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何創建一個代幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何創建一個代幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何創建一個代幣賬戶</h2><p>用戶需要一個代幣賬戶來持有代幣。</p><p>對於用戶所擁有的每種類型的代幣,他們將至少擁有一個代幣賬戶。</p><p>關聯代幣賬戶(Associated Token Accounts, ATA) 是根據每個密鑰對確定性地創建的賬戶。關聯代幣賬戶是管理代幣賬戶的推薦方法。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2SKpuBU9ksneBZD4nqbZkw75NE11HsSHsGRtW2BZh5aQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// calculate ATA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if your wallet is off-curve, you should use</span> <span class="token comment">// let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey // owner</span> <span class="token comment">// true, // allowOwnerOffCurve</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲得一個代幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲得一個代幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲得一個代幣賬戶</h2><p>每個代幣賬戶都包含有關代幣的信息,例如所有者、鑄幣賬戶、數量(餘額)和小數位數。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getAccount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 16aef79dfadb39ffedb3b6f77688b8c162b18bb9cba2ffefe152303629ae3030&gt; }, mint: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, owner: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, amount: 0n, delegate: null, delegatedAmount: 0n, isInitialized: true, isFrozen: false, isNative: false, rentExemptReserve: null, closeAuthority: null } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何獲得一個代幣賬戶的餘額" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何獲得一個代幣賬戶的餘額" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何獲得一個代幣賬戶的餘額</h2><p>每個代幣賬戶都包含有關代幣的信息,例如所有者、鑄幣賬戶、數量(餘額)和小數位數。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount: {}, decimals: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>一個代幣賬戶只能持有一種鑄幣。當您指定一個代幣賬戶時,您也需要指定一個鑄幣。</p></div><h2 id="如何鑄造-mint-代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何鑄造-mint-代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何鑄造(mint)代幣</h2><p>當你鑄造代幣時,你會增加供應量並將新代幣轉移到特定的代幣賬戶。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMintToCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintToChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if alice is a multisig account</span> <span class="token comment">// let txhash = await mintToChecked(</span> <span class="token comment">// connection, // connection</span> <span class="token comment">// feePayer, // fee payer</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey, // !! mint authority pubkey !!</span> <span class="token comment">// 1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token comment">// 8, // decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...],</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + mint authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何轉移代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何轉移代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何轉移代幣</h2><p>你可以將代幣從一個代幣賬戶轉移到另一個代幣賬戶。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountXPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountYPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何銷代幣" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何銷代幣" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何銷代幣</h2><p>如果你是代幣的所有者,你可以銷燬代幣。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> burnChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createBurnCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + token authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何關閉代幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何關閉代幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何關閉代幣賬戶</h2><p>如果你不再需要使用某個代幣賬戶,你可以關閉它。有兩種情況:</p><ol><li>包裝的 SOL(Wrapped SOL)- 關閉操作會將包裝的 SOL 轉換爲 SOL。</li><li>其他代幣(Other Tokens)- 只有當代幣賬戶的餘額爲0時,你才能關閉它。</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> closeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何在代幣賬戶或鑄幣賬戶上設置權限" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在代幣賬戶或鑄幣賬戶上設置權限" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在代幣賬戶或鑄幣賬戶上設置權限</h2><p>你可以設置/更新權限。有四種類型:</p><ol><li>MintTokens(鑄幣賬戶):用於控制在鑄幣賬戶上鑄造代幣的權限。</li><li>FreezeAccount(鑄幣賬戶):用於凍結或解凍鑄幣賬戶的權限。</li><li>AccountOwner(代幣賬戶):用於控制代幣賬戶所有權的權限。</li><li>CloseAccount(代幣賬戶):用於關閉代幣賬戶的權限。</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSetAuthorityInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setAuthority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">random guy: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) for mint account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.MintTokens</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.FreezeAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) for token account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.AccountOwner</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.CloseAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">feePayer</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何批准代幣委託" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何批准代幣委託" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何批准代幣委託</h2><p>你可以設置一個委託代理,並指定一個允許的代幣數量。設置後,委託代理就像代幣賬戶的另一個所有者。一個代幣賬戶在同一時間只能委託給一個賬戶。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> approveChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createApproveCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何撤銷代幣委託" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何撤銷代幣委託" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何撤銷代幣委託</h2><p>撤銷操作將把代幣委託設置爲空,並將委託的代幣數量設置爲0。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createRevokeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> revoke <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何管理包裝的sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何管理包裝的sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何管理包裝的SOL</h2><p>包裝的 SOL與其他代幣鑄幣類似,區別在於使用 <code>syncNative</code> 並在 <code>NATIVE_MINT</code> 地址上專門創建代幣賬戶。</p><h3 id="創建代幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#創建代幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 創建代幣賬戶</h3><p>與 <a href="#create-token-account">創建代幣賬戶</a> 但將mint替換爲<code>NATIVE_MINT</code>。</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="增加餘額" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#增加餘額" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 增加餘額</h3><p>有兩種方法可以增加包裝的 SOL 的餘額:</p><h4 id="_1-通過-sol-轉賬方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-通過-sol-轉賬方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. 通過 SOL 轉賬方式</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSyncNativeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="_2-通過代幣轉賬方式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-通過代幣轉賬方式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 2. 通過代幣轉賬方式</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createInitializeAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> closeAccountInstructionData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> auxAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何通過所有者獲取所有代幣賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何通過所有者獲取所有代幣賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何通過所有者獲取所有代幣賬戶</h2><p>你可以通過所有者獲取代幣賬戶。有兩種方法可以實現。</p><ol><li>獲取所有代幣賬戶</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>按照鑄幣進行過濾</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/getting-started/installation.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 安裝"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 安裝"><meta name="description" content="利用教程、指南和例子,學習如何開始使用Solana。"><meta name="og:description" content="利用教程、指南和例子,學習如何開始使用Solana。"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>安裝 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.1f30223e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.a516e599.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h2 id="安裝web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#安裝web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 安裝Web3.js</h2><p>用JavaScript或者TypeScript進行Solana編程時,你會用到下面的幾個庫。</p><h3 id="web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web3.js</h3><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 這個庫提供了很多用於與Solana交互,發送交易,從區塊鏈上讀取數據等操作的基礎功能。</p><p>可以用以下命令安裝:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="spl代幣-spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spl代幣-spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SPL代幣(SPL-Token)</h3><p><code>@solana/spl-token</code> 這個庫提供了很多用於與SPL代幣(SPL tokens)交互所需的JavaScript/TypeScript綁定函數。 可以用這個庫來鑄造新的SPL代幣,進行轉賬,以及其他操作。</p><p>可以用以下命令安裝:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="錢包適配器-wallet-adapter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#錢包適配器-wallet-adapter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 錢包適配器(Wallet-Adapter)</h3><p>這是一組用於連接Solana公鏈錢包的庫,稱爲錢包適配器。 目前這些軟件包支持Angular,Vue.js,以及React。錢包適配器可以幫助你的dApp很快的與諸如<a href="https://phantom.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phantom<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, <a href="https://solflare.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solflare<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>以及其他一些錢包進行整合。</p><p>可以用以下命令安裝:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="安裝rust" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#安裝rust" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 安裝Rust</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">MACOS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">LINUX</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Windows用戶請參閱<a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust安裝指引<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h2 id="安裝命令行工具" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#安裝命令行工具" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 安裝命令行工具</h2><h3 id="macos-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#macos-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> macOS &amp; Linux</h3><p>打開Terminal。</p><p>將 <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> 替換爲你想要的版本,用以下腳本在你的系統上安裝 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">最新版本Solana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">sh</span> -c <span class="token string">&quot;<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">curl</span> -sSfL https://release.solana.com/LATEST_RELEASE/install<span class="token variable">)</span></span>&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>可以將<code>LATEST_RELEASE</code>替換成你想要的發佈版本,或者用三個別名版本:<code>stable</code>,<code>beta</code>,<code>edge</code>。 可以在<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">這裏<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>查看可用的最新版本。</p><p>如果看到以下輸出,說明更新成功:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>downloading LATEST_RELEASE installer Configuration: /home/solana/.config/solana/install/config.yml Active release directory: /home/solana/.local/share/solana/install/active_release * Release version: LATEST_RELEASE * Release URL: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/LATEST_RELEASE/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 Update successful </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>根據不同的系統,安裝包可能提示你</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Please update your <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> environment variable to include the solana programs: </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果看到以上提示信息,複製這下面輸出的命令並粘貼到系統的<code>PATH</code>目錄中。</p><p>用以下命令確認你已經安裝好指定版本的<code>solana</code>:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>安裝成功後,可以使用<code>solana-install update</code>命令,隨時將Solana軟件更新到新版本。</p><h4 id="下載預編譯二進制文件-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#下載預編譯二進制文件-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 下載預編譯二進制文件 (linux)</h4><p>除了通過<code>solana-install</code>安裝之外,你還可以通過二進制文件安裝。</p><p>訪問以下鏈接下載二進制文件: <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 下載 <strong>solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>,並解壓:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="下載預編譯二進制文件-macos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#下載預編譯二進制文件-macos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 下載預編譯二進制文件 (macOS)</h4><p>除了通過<code>solana-install</code>安裝之外,你還可以通過二進制文件安裝。</p><p>訪問以下鏈接下載二進制文件: <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 下載 <strong>solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2</strong>,並解壓:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><hr><h3 id="windows" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#windows" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Windows</h3><p>以管理員權限打開命令提示符(<code>cmd.exe</code>)。</p><p>在Windows搜索欄中搜索&quot;命令提示符&quot;,在顯示出來的命令提示符應用上點擊右鍵,選擇&quot;以管理員身份運行&quot;。 當彈出對話框詢問&quot;你要允許此應用對你的設備進行更改嗎?&quot;,點擊&quot;是&quot;。</p><p>複製並粘貼以下命令,按回車鍵,將Solana安裝包下載到臨時文件夾:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://release.solana.com/v1.8.5/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe --output C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe --create-dirs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果<code>v1.8.5</code>不是你想要的版本,在<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">這裏<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>可以找到最新的版本。</p><p>複製並粘貼以下命令,然後按回車鍵,安裝最新版的Solana。當系統彈出安全對話框時,選擇允許程序運行。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe v1.8.5 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>安裝包安裝完成時,按回車鍵。</p><p>關掉命令提示符窗口。重新以普通用戶權限打開一個命令提示符窗口。</p><p>在Windows搜索欄中搜索&quot;命令提示符&quot;,在顯示出來的命令提示符應用上點擊左鍵(這次不需要以管理員身份運行)。</p><p>用以下命令確認已經安裝好指定版本的<code>solana</code>:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>安裝成功後,可以使用<code>solana-install update</code>命令,隨時將Solana軟件更新到新版本。</p><h4 id="下載預編譯二進制文件" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#下載預編譯二進制文件" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 下載預編譯二進制文件</h4><p>除了通過<code>solana-install</code>安裝之外,你還可以通過二進制文件安裝。</p><p>訪問以下鏈接下載二進制文件: <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 下載 <strong>solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>並解壓。</p><p>打開命令提示符並切換目錄至剛纔解壓的位置,運行以下命令:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>%cd%/bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>%<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>% </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="從源碼編譯" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#從源碼編譯" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 從源碼編譯</h3><p>如果你不能使用預編譯的二進制文件,或者希望自己從源碼進行編譯,可以訪問 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 下載<strong>Source Code</strong>壓縮包。解壓代碼,用以下命令編譯二進制文件:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>然後運行以下命令,可以和預編譯二進制文件獲得一樣的結果:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-install init </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/serialization.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 序列數據"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 序列數據"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>序列數據 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.8a29cfeb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.cd6e6685.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="序列數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#序列數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 序列數據</h1><p>當我們談論序列化時,我們指的是數據的序列化和反序列化。</p><p>序列化在Solana程序和程序賬戶的生命週期中的幾個點上起着作用:</p><ol><li>將指令數據序列化到客戶端上</li><li>在程序中反序列化指令數據</li><li>將賬戶數據序列化到程序中</li><li>在客戶端上反序列化賬戶數據</li></ol><p>重要的是,上述操作都應該採用相同的序列化方法。下面的示例演示了使用<a href="#resources">Borsh</a>進行序列化。</p><p>本文檔的其餘部分中的示例摘錄自<a href="#resources">Solana CLI 程序模板</a></p><h2 id="設置borsh序列化" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#設置borsh序列化" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 設置Borsh序列化</h2><p>爲了使用Borsh進行序列化,需要在Rust程序、Rust客戶端、節點和/或Python客戶端中設置Borsh庫。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Program</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Node Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-cli-template-program-bpf&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">features</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">no-entrypoint</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-derive</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num_enum</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.5.1&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-integer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.44&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-traits</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;../shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">thiserror</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program-test</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">lib</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">crate-type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;cdylib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.5&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2.33.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0.125&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;derive&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.8.17&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;full&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;program&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-json ext-json line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ts-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Sample TS App&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/nmain.ts&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;workspace&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;repository&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;url&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;homepage&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:all&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run build:client &amp;&amp; npm run test:client&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;build:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rm -rf ./.dist/client &amp;&amp; tsc &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node ./node_modules/.bin/mocha .dist/client/main.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run start&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* &amp;&amp; prettier --check \&quot;client/**/*.ts\&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint:fix&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* --fix&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;pretty&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;prettier --write &#39;{,client/**/}*.ts&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@tsconfig/recommended&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^7.28.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^3.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/parser&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-google&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.5.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.1.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start-server-and-test&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;ts-node&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^10.4.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;typescript&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.5.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;dependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.31.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.7.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;env&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.1-security&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;npm-check-updates&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^12.0.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;sync-request&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^6.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;update&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.4.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>borsh-construct==0.1.0 solana==0.20.0 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何序列化客戶端上的指令數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何序列化客戶端上的指令數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何序列化客戶端上的指令數據</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>如果你要將出站指令數據序列化併發送給程序,它必須與程序反序列化入站指令數據的方式保持一致。</p><p>在此模板中,指令數據塊是一個包含序列化數組的數據塊,例如:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction (Variant index)</th><th>Serialized Key</th><th>Serialized Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialize (0)</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Mint (1)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>&quot;bar&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Burn (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr></tbody></table><p>在下面的示例中,我們假設程序擁有的賬戶已經初始化完成。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Mint a key value pair to account * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;Keypair&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts key&#39;</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts first value&#39;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; &lt;Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; Payload { id: 1, key: &#39;ts key&#39;, value: &#39;ts first value&#39; }</span> <span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Signature = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8 <span class="token keyword">from</span> enum <span class="token keyword">import</span> IntEnum <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responses <span class="token keyword">import</span> SendTransactionResp <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Instruction variants for target program</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InstructionVariant</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IntEnum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> INITIALIZE <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span> MINT <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> TRANSFER <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> BURN <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token comment"># Schema for sending instructionVariants to on-chain sample program</span> payload_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">construct_payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Generate a serialized instructionVariant&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> payload_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">mint_kv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> SendTransactionResp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Mint with a key/value pair to an account&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the program payload for Mint invariant</span> payload_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> construct_payload<span class="token punctuation">(</span>InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MINT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\x01\n\x00\x00\x00python key\x0c\x00\x00\x00python value&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># mint_payload_copy = payload_schema.parse(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(mint_payload_copy)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; key = u&#39;python key&#39; (total 10)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; value = u&#39;python value&#39; (total 12)</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the transaction with instructionVariant</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token operator">=</span>program_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>payload_ser <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; {&#39;jsonrpc&#39;: &#39;2.0&#39;, &#39;result&#39;: &#39;4ZdpWNdovdVaLextWSiqEBWp67k9rNTTUaX3qviHDXWY9c98bVtaRt5sasPhYzMVXHqhex78gzNKytcBnVH5CSTZ&#39;, &#39;id&#39;: 2}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token comment">/// Instruction payload gets serialized</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Perform a mint transaction consisting of a key/value pair</span> <span class="token comment">/// See submit_transaction below</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup the payload. `mint_instruction_id` is instruction variant index = 1</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>`_<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _fee_calculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction_with_spinner_and_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何在程序中反序列化指令數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在程序中反序列化指令數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在程序中反序列化指令數據</h2><img src="/assets/ser2.38d4ca5b.png" alt="Deserialize Instruction Data"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何在程序中序列化賬戶數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在程序中序列化賬戶數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在程序中序列化賬戶數據</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>程序賬戶數據塊(來自示例倉庫)的佈局如下:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>Remaining Byte up to 1019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialized flag</td><td>length of serialized BTreeMap</td><td>BTreeMap (where key value pairs are stored)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p>關於 <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> trait</p><p>可以更容易地隱藏賬戶數據序列化/反序列化的細節,使你的核心程序指令處理代碼更簡潔。因此,不需要將所有的序列化/反序列化邏輯放在程序處理代碼中,而是將這些細節封裝在以下三個函數中:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - 允許你對賬戶進行反序列化,而無需檢查它是否已被初始化。當實際處理初始化函數(變體索引爲0)時,這非常有用。</li><li><code>unpack</code> - 調用你的Pack實現的<code>unpack_from_slice</code>函數,並檢查賬戶是否已被初始化。</li><li><code>pack</code> - 調用您的Pack實現的<code>pack_into_slice</code>函數。</li></ol><p>下面是我們示例程序的Pack trait實現。隨後是使用Borsh進行賬戶數據處理的示例。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span> <span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="序列化-反序列化" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#序列化-反序列化" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 序列化/反序列化</h3><p>爲了完成底層的序列化和反序列化:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> - 進行序列化的地方</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> - 進行反序列化的地方</li></ol><p><strong>請關注</strong> 在下面的示例中,我們在<code>BTREE_LENGTH</code>的數據佈局中的<code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>之前有一個<code>u32</code>(4字節)的分區。這是因爲在反序列化過程中,borsh會檢查您正在反序列化的切片的長度是否與它實際讀取的數據量一致,然後才進行對象的重組。下面演示的方法首先讀取<code>BTREE_LENGTH</code>,以獲取要從<code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>指針中<code>slice</code>的大小。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span> is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="用法" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#用法" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 用法</h3><p>以下將所有內容整合在一起,並演示了程序與<code>ProgramAccountState</code>的交互,其中<code>ProgramAccountState</code>封裝了初始化標誌以及底層的<code>BTreeMap</code>用於存儲鍵值對。</p><p>首先,當我們想要初始化一個全新的賬戶時:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span> <span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven&#39;t already initialized this accounts data</span> <span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>現在,我們可以執行其他指令,下面的示例演示了從客戶端發送指令來創建一個新的鍵值對:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint to account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="如何在客戶端中反序列化賬戶數據" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#如何在客戶端中反序列化賬戶數據" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 如何在客戶端中反序列化賬戶數據</h2><p>客戶端可以調用Solana來獲取程序所擁有的賬戶,其中序列化的數據塊是返回結果的一部分。進行反序列化需要了解數據塊的佈局。</p><p>賬戶數據的佈局在<a href="#account-data-serialization">這裏</a>已經被描述了。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tree_length&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Fetch program account data * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;AccoundData&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commitment <span class="token keyword">import</span> Confirmed <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize program&#39;s account data</span> account_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map_length&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Fetch account information from RPC, parse out the data and deserialize&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_account_info<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;base64&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> account_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Results in or similar</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map_length = 109</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map = {&#39;Happy&#39;: &#39;New Year!&#39;, &#39;newKey&#39;: &#39;A new value&#39;,</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; &#39;python key&#39;: &#39;python value&#39;, &#39;ts key&#39;: &#39;ts first value&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="solana-ts-js-常用映射" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#solana-ts-js-常用映射" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Solana TS/JS 常用映射</h2><p><a href="#resources">Borsh Specification</a>中包含了大多數基本和複合數據類型的映射關係。</p><p>在TS/JS和Python中,關鍵是創建一個具有適當定義的Borsh模式,以便序列化和反序列化可以生成或遍歷相應的輸入。</p><p>首先,我們將演示在Typescript中對基本類型(數字、字符串)和複合類型(固定大小數組、Map)進行序列化,然後在Python中進行序列化,最後在Rust中進行等效的反序列化操作:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library * for convenience of dynamic property setting * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span> <span class="token comment">// compound types</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;world&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Viola!</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;New value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed string array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed u8 array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Map = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize various types</span> primitive_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">common</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Serialize</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U8&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U16&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U32&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x05\x00\x00\x00hello\x05\x00\x00\x00world\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00cookbook\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\n\x00\x00\x00ingredient&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Deserialize</span> new_value <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Viola</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U8 = 255</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U16 = 65535</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U32 = 4294967295</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_STRING_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; hello</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; world</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_U8_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 2</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 3</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 4</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 5</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; MAP_STRING_STRING = {&#39;cookbook&#39;: &#39;recipe&#39;, &#39;recipe&#39;: &#39;ingredient&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">primitives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> prim <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">255u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">103</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">116</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>prim<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="高級構造" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#高級構造" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 高級構造</h2><p>我們在之前的示例中展示瞭如何創建簡單的負載(Payloads)。有時,Solana會使用某些特殊類型。本節將演示如何正確映射TS/JS和Rust之間的類型,以處理這些情況。</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * COption is meant to mirror the * `solana_program::options::COption` * * This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating * the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey * * Similar to a Rust Option * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class * <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Creates a COption from a PublicKey * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this) */</span> <span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Defines the layout of the COption object * for serializing/deserializing * <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;copt_ser &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36] COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)} pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Expected no public key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with null Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36] COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) } pubkey: null */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">program_option<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Emulate how COption is &#39;unpacked&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Map the data block</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the SOME or NONE u32</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the COption accordingly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> opt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> nos <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">None</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> opt <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">btest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// From Typescript with borsh&#39;ing</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">214</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">211</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">130</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">187</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">208</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">221</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">166</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">171</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate COption deserialization</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Uh-oh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// As a Borsh Struct</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> toption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toption<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Some = {:?} Pubkey = {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> toption<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/feature-parity-testing.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 功能相等測試"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 功能相等測試"><meta name="description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>功能相等測試 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.0478ce69.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.9edac1d3.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="功能相等測試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#功能相等測試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 功能相等測試</h1><p>當測試程序時,確保它在各個集羣中以相同的方式運行對於確保質量和產生預期結果非常重要。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">事實表</p><ul><li>功能是爲 Solana 驗證節點引入的能力,需要激活才能使用。</li><li>某個集羣(例如測試網)中可能激活了某些特性,而另一個集羣(例如主網測試網)則未激活。</li><li>然而,在本地運行默認的<code>solana-test-validator</code>時,你的 Solana 版本中的所有可用功能都會自動激活。結果是,在本地測試時,特性和測試結果可能與在不同集羣中部署和運行時不同!</li></ul></div><h2 id="場景" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#場景" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 場景</h2><p>假設你有一個包含三(3)條指令的交易,每個指令大約消耗 100,000 計算單元(Compute Units,CU)。在運行 Solana 1.8.x 版本時,你會觀察到指令的計算單元消耗類似於:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>在 Solana 1.9.2 中引入了一個名爲“transaction wide compute cap”的功能,其中默認情況下,一個交易具有 200,000 計算單元(CU)的預算,封裝的指令從該交易預算中消耗。運行上述相同的交易將會有非常不同的行爲:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>FAIL!!!</td><td>FAIL!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>天哪!如果你不知道這一點,你可能會感到沮喪,因爲你的指令行爲沒有任何變化會導致這種情況。在開發網絡上它正常工作,但在本地卻失敗了?!?</p><p>你可以增加整體交易預算,比如將其增加到 300,000 計算單元(CU),來保持你的理智,但這也展示了爲什麼以功能相等的方式進行測試是避免任何混淆的積極方式。</p><h2 id="功能狀態" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#功能狀態" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 功能狀態</h2><p>使用<code>solana feature status</code>命令可以很容易地檢查特定集羣啓用了哪些功能。</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Displays by feature status for devnet solana feature status -ut // Displays for testnet solana feature status -um // Displays for mainnet-beta solana feature status -ul // Displays for local, requires running solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>或者,你可以使用類似的工具,像 <a href="#resources">scfsd</a>,觀察所有集羣上的功能狀態。該工具會顯示如下的部分屏幕內容,並且不需要<code>solana-test-validator</code>運行:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="功能相等測試-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#功能相等測試-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 功能相等測試</h2><p>正如前面提到的,<code>solana-test-validator</code> 會自動激活所有功能。所以回答問題“如何在本地測試環境中與 devnet、testnet 或者 mainnet-beta 保持一致?”的解決方案是:Solana 1.9.6 添加了 PR 來允許禁用功能:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt; ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="簡單演示" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#簡單演示" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 簡單演示</h2><p>假設你有一個簡單的程序,在其入口點中記錄接收到的數據。你正在測試一個包含兩(2)個指令的事務,用於執行你的程序。</p><h3 id="所有功能已激活" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#所有功能已激活" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 所有功能已激活</h3><ol><li>你在一個終端中啓動測試驗證節點:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>在另一個終端中啓動日誌流處理器:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>然後運行你的事務。你會在日誌終端中看到類似的輸出(爲了清晰起見進行了編輯):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[ </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>因爲我們的功能“事務整體計算容量”默認情況下是自動激活的,我們觀察到每個指令從起始事務預算的 200,000 CU 中消耗 CU。</p><h3 id="選擇性功能已停用" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#選擇性功能已停用" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 選擇性功能已停用</h3><ol><li>在這次運行中,我們希望使 CU 預算的行爲與 devnet 中運行的行爲保持一致。使用 Feature Status 中描述的工具,我們可以找到<code>transaction wide compute cap</code>的公鑰,並在測試驗證器啓動時使用 <code>--deactivate-feature</code> 參數。</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>現在我們可以在日誌中看到我們的指令現在擁有自己的 200,000 CU 預算(爲了清晰起見進行了編輯),這目前是所有上游集羣的狀態。</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="全面相等性測試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#全面相等性測試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 全面相等性測試</h2><p>你可以通過識別尚未激活的每個功能,並在調用<code>solana-test-validator</code>時添加<code>--deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;</code>來與特定集羣完全保持一致。</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>或者,scfsd](#resources) 提供了一個命令開關,用於輸出集羣的完整停用功能集,可以直接用於<code>solana-test-validator</code>的啓動參數:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t) </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果你在驗證器運行時打開另一個終端,並運行<code>solana feature status</code>命令,你會看到一些在 devnet 中停用的功能也被停用了。</p><h2 id="以編程方式進行全面相等性測試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#以編程方式進行全面相等性測試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 以編程方式進行全面相等性測試</h2><p>對於那些在測試代碼中控制運行測試驗證器的人來說,可以使用<code>TestValidatorGenesis</code>來修改測試驗證器的激活/停用功能。在 Solana 1.9.6 中,驗證器構建器添加了一個函數來支持這個功能。</p><p>在您的程序文件夾的根目錄下,創建一個名爲<code>tests</code>的新文件夾,並添加一個<code>parity_test.rs</code>文件。以下是每個測試使用的基本函數(模板函數):</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Test Boiler Plate</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>error<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">path<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get interegate feature lists from clusters</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] to use</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">gadgets_scfs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Added in Solana 1.9.2</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extended in Solana 1.9.6</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_test_validator<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Location/Name of ProgramTestGenesis ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./.ledger&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Path to BPF program (*.so) change if needed</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;target/deploy/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program name from program Cargo.toml</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM_NAME</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAM_NAME&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program public key</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM&#39;S PUBLIC KEY str</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAMS_PUBLIC_KEY_BASE58_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; public key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// UNIT TEST FOLLOWS</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>現在我們可以在<code>mod test {...}</code>的主體中添加測試函數,來展示默認驗證器的設置(所有功能都啓用),然後禁用事務廣域計算限制,就像之前在命令行中運行<code>solana-test-validator</code>的示例一樣。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">All Features Test</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Disable Tx CU Test</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_base_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated (default for TestValidatorGenesis)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction to demonstrate</span> <span class="token comment">// that each instruction CU draws down from default Transaction CU (200_000)</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span> <span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; feature</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>另外,<a href="#resources">scfs engine gadget</a>可以生成一個包含某個集羣的所有已停用功能的完整向量。以下示例演示瞭如何使用該 engine 來獲取 devnet 的所有已停用功能列表。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Devnet Parity</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml to use</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span> <span class="token comment">// from devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span> <span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span> <span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>愉快的測試!</p><h2 id="資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 資料</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/data-migration.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 遷移程序的數據賬戶"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 遷移程序的數據賬戶"><meta name="description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>遷移程序的數據賬戶 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.6ed17ef4.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.ec2afdd1.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="遷移程序的數據賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#遷移程序的數據賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 遷移程序的數據賬戶</h1><h2 id="你如何遷移一個程序的數據賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#你如何遷移一個程序的數據賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 你如何遷移一個程序的數據賬戶?</h2><p>當你創建一個程序時,與該程序關聯的每個數據賬戶都將具有特定的數據結構。如果你需要升級一個程序派生賬戶,那麼你將得到一堆具有舊結構的剩餘程序派生賬戶。</p><p>通過賬戶版本控制,您可以將舊賬戶升級到新的結構。</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">注意</p><p>這只是在程序擁有的賬戶(POA)中遷移數據的衆多方法之一。</p></div><h2 id="場景" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#場景" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 場景</h2><p>爲了對賬戶數據進行版本控制和遷移,我們將爲每個賬戶提供一個ID。該ID允許我們在將其傳遞給程序時識別賬戶的版本,從而正確處理賬戶。</p><p>假設有以下賬戶狀態和程序:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Currently using state. If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another serializable backlevel one</span> <span class="token comment">/// before adding new fields here</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to uplift from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>在我們賬戶的第一個版本中,我們執行以下操作:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Action</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>在您的数据中包含一个&quot;数据版本&quot;字段。它可以是一个简单递增的序数(例如,u8),或者是更复杂的形式。</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>為數據增長分配足夠的空間</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>初始化一些常數,以在程式版本間使用。</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>在<code>fn conversion_logic</code>下添加一個更新帳戶的功能,以供未來升級使用。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>假設我們現在希望升級程序的賬戶,包括一個新的必需字段:<code>somestring</code>字段。</p><p>如果我們之前沒有爲賬戶分配額外的空間,我們將無法升級該賬戶,而被卡住。</p><h2 id="升級賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#升級賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 升級賬戶</h2><p>在我們的新程序中,我們希望爲內容狀態添加一個新屬性。下面的變化展示了我們如何利用初始的程序結構,並在現在使用時進行修改。</p><h3 id="_1-添加賬戶轉換邏輯" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-添加賬戶轉換邏輯" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. 添加賬戶轉換邏輯</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding string to content</span> <span class="token comment">// Previous const DATA_VERSION: u8 = 0;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to upgrade from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> old <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Default sets &#39;somevalue&#39; to 0 and somestring to default &quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> new_content <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We copy the existing &#39;somevalue&#39;, the program instructions will read/update &#39;somestring&#39; without fail</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> old<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent version data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><table><thead><tr><th>Line(s)</th><th>Note</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>我们已经添加了Solana的<code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code>,以简化从较大数据块中读取子集数据的操作。</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>在这里,我们保留了旧的内容结构,在第24行的<code>AccountContentOld</code>之前,然后在第17行开始扩展<code>AccountContentCurrent</code>。</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>我们增加了<code>DATA_VERSION</code>常数。</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>现在我们有一个“之前”的版本,并且我们想知道它的大小。</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>最后的致命一击是添加管道,将之前的内容状态升级到新的(当前的)内容状态。</td></tr></tbody></table><p>然後,我們更新指令,添加一個新的指令來更新<code>somestring</code>,並更新處理器來處理新的指令。請注意,&quot;升級&quot;數據結構是通過<code>pack/unpack</code>封裝起來的。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the string in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new string {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somestring <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request 0.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Attempting to unpack&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>在構建並提交指令<code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code>後,我們現在有了以下 &quot;升級&quot; 的賬戶數據佈局。</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference Implementation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/versioned-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍| Versioned Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍| Versioned Transactions"><meta name="description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>版本化交易 (Versioned Transactions) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.027ceb3d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.1e457979.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="版本化交易-versioned-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#版本化交易-versioned-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 版本化交易 (Versioned Transactions)</h1><p>Solana最近發佈了版本化交易。提議的更改如下:</p><ol><li><p>引入一個新的程序,用於管理鏈上地址查找表。</p></li><li><p>添加一種新的交易格式,可以利用鏈上地址查找表。</p></li></ol><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">事實表</p><p>-傳統交易存在一個主要問題:最大允許的大小爲1232字節,因此原子交易中可以容納的賬戶數量爲35個地址。</p><ul><li>地址查找表(LUTs):一旦賬戶存儲在該表中,可以使用1字節的u8索引,在交易消息中引用該表的地址。</li><li>可以使用<code>solana/web3.js</code>的<code>createLookupTable()</code>構建一個新的查找表,並確定其地址。</li><li>一旦創建了LUT,可以進行擴展,即可以將賬戶追加到表中。</li><li>版本化交易:需要修改傳統交易的結構以整合LUTs。</li><li>在引入版本化之前,交易在其頭部的第一個字節中保留了一個未使用的最高位,可以用來顯式聲明交易的版本。</li></ul></div><p>我們將更詳細地討論上述引入的更改以及它們對開發人員的意義。然而,爲了更好地理解這些更改,我們首先需要了解常規(或傳統)交易的結構。</p><h2 id="傳統交易-legacy-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#傳統交易-legacy-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 傳統交易(Legacy Transactions)</h2><p>Solana網絡使用最大事務單元(MTU)大小爲1280字節,遵循<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_packet" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IPv6 MTU<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 的大小約束,以確保速度和可靠性。這樣留下了1232字節的數據空間,用於存儲序列化的交易等數據。</p><p>一個交易由以下組成:</p><ol><li>一個緊湊數組的簽名,其中每個簽名是一個64字節的<a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ed25519<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>簽名。</li><li>一個(傳統的)消息。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/tx_format.1023848a.png" alt="Transaction Format"></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Compact-Array format</p><p>A compact array is an array serialised to have the following components:</p><ol><li>An array length in a multi-byte encoding called <a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#compact-u16-format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Compact-u16<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Followed by each array item</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_format.6984243f.png" alt="Compact array format"></p></div><h2 id="傳統消息" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#傳統消息" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 傳統消息</h2><p>傳統消息包含以下組件:</p><ol><li>一個頭部(header)。</li><li>一個緊湊數組的賬戶地址,每個賬戶地址佔用32字節。</li><li>一個最近的區塊哈希(recent blockhash): <ul><li>一個32字節的SHA-256哈希,用於指示上次觀察到的賬本狀態。如果一個區塊哈希太舊,驗證節點將拒絕它。</li></ul></li><li>一個緊湊數組的指令</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/legacy_message.09ab30b7.png" alt="Legacy Message"></p><h3 id="頭部" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#頭部" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 頭部</h3><p>消息頭部是3字節長,包含3個u8整數:</p><ol><li>所需簽名數量:Solana運行時會將此數字與交易中緊湊數組簽名的長度進行驗證。</li><li>需要簽名的只讀賬戶地址數量。</li><li>不需要簽名的只讀賬戶地址數量。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/message_header.8eb7d589.png" alt="Message Header"></p><h3 id="緊湊賬戶地址數組" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#緊湊賬戶地址數組" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 緊湊賬戶地址數組</h3><p>這個緊湊數組以緊湊的u16編碼的賬戶地址數量開始,然後是:</p><ol><li><strong>需要簽名的賬戶地址</strong>:首先列出請求讀取和寫入訪問權限的地址,然後是請求只讀訪問權限的地址。</li><li><strong>不需要簽名的賬戶地址</strong>:與上述相同,首先列出請求讀取和寫入訪問權限的地址,然後是請求只讀訪問權限的地址。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compat_array_of_account_addresses.7792e5c7.png" alt="Compact array of account addresses"></p><h3 id="緊湊指令數組" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#緊湊指令數組" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 緊湊指令數組</h3><p>就像賬戶地址數組一樣,這個緊湊指令數組以緊湊的u16編碼的指令數量開始,然後是一個指令數組。數組中的每個指令具有以下組件:</p><ol><li><strong>程序ID</strong>:用於標識將處理該指令的鏈上程序。它表示爲消息中賬戶地址緊湊數組的地址的u8索引。</li><li><strong>賬戶地址索引的緊湊數組</strong>:指向緊湊賬戶地址數組中需要簽名的一部分賬戶地址的u8索引。</li><li><strong>不透明的u8數據的緊湊數組</strong>:一個通用的字節數組,與前面提到的程序ID相關。該數據數組指定了程序應執行的任何操作以及賬戶可能不包含的任何附加信息。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_ixs.6281d70b.png" alt="Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="傳統交易的問題" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#傳統交易的問題" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 傳統交易的問題</h2><p>上述交易模型存在的問題是什麼?</p><p>交易的最大大小以及因此能夠在單個原子交易中容納的賬戶數量。</p><p>如前所述,交易的最大允許大小爲1232字節。一個賬戶地址的大小爲32字節。因此,考慮到一些用於頭部、簽名和其他元數據的空間,一個交易最多隻能存儲35個賬戶。</p><p><img src="/assets/issues_with_legacy_txs.5766db66.png" alt="Issue with legacy transactions"></p><p>這是一個問題,因爲有幾種情況下,開發人員需要在單個交易中包含數百個無需簽名的賬戶。但是,傳統交易模型目前無法實現這一點。目前使用的解決方案是在鏈上臨時存儲狀態,並在稍後的交易中使用。但是,當多個程序需要組合在單個交易中時,這種解決方法就不適用了。每個程序都需要多個賬戶作爲輸入,因此我們陷入了與之前相同的問題。</p><p>這就是引入**地址查找表(Address Lookup Tables,LUT)**的原因。</p><h2 id="地址查找表-address-lookeup-tables" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#地址查找表-address-lookeup-tables" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 地址查找表(Address Lookeup Tables)</h2><p>地址查找表的理念是在鏈上使用表格(數組)的數據結構存儲賬戶地址。一旦賬戶存儲在該表中,可以在交易消息中引用該表的地址。爲了指向表中的單個賬戶,需要使用一個字節的u8索引。</p><p><img src="/assets/luts.96a8a310.png" alt="LUTs"></p><p>這樣做可以節省空間,因爲地址不再需要存儲在交易消息中。它們只需要以數組形式的表格中的索引進行引用。這使得有可能引用256個賬戶,因爲賬戶使用u8索引進行引用。</p><p>當初始化地址查找表或向表中添加新地址時,需要使地址查找表免除租金。地址可以通過鏈上緩衝區或直接通過<code>Extension</code>指令將其追加到表格中。此外,地址查找表還可以存儲相關的元數據,後面是一個緊湊數組的賬戶。下面是一個典型地址查找表的結構:</p><p><img src="/assets/lut_format.060d6be2.png" alt="LUT Format"></p><p>地址查找表的一個重要缺點是,在交易處理過程中,由於地址查找需要額外的開銷,通常會導致交易的成本較高。</p><h2 id="版本化交易-transactionv0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#版本化交易-transactionv0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 版本化交易: TransactionV0</h2><p>傳統交易的結構需要修改以包含地址表查找。這些更改不應破壞Solana上的交易處理,也不應對被調用的程序的格式產生任何更改。</p><p>爲了確保上述情況,重要的是明確指出交易類型:<code>legacy</code>(傳統)或<code>versioned</code>(版本化)。我們如何在交易中包含這些信息呢?</p><p>在引入版本化之前,交易在其消息頭部的<code>num_required_signatures</code>字段的第一個字節中留下了一個未使用的上位比特。現在,我們可以使用這個比特位來明確聲明我們的交易版本。</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionedMessage</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Legacy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">V0</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token namespace">v0<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>如果設置了第一個比特位,那麼第一個字節中的剩餘比特將用於編碼版本號。Solana從“版本0”開始,這是開始使用地址查找表的版本。</p><p>如果未設置第一個比特位,那麼該交易將被視爲“傳統交易”,並且第一個字節的剩餘部分將被視爲編碼傳統消息的第一個字節。</p><h2 id="messagev0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#messagev0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MessageV0</h2><p>新的MessageV0的結構基本上是相同的,只是有兩個小但重要的變化:</p><ol><li><strong>消息頭部</strong>:與傳統版本相同,沒有變化。</li><li><strong>緊湊賬戶密鑰數組</strong>:與傳統版本相同,沒有變化。我們將指向該數組元素的索引數組表示爲<em>索引數組A</em>(您很快將看到爲什麼我們這樣表示)。</li><li><strong>最近的區塊哈希</strong>:與傳統版本相同,沒有變化。</li><li><strong>緊湊指令數組</strong>:與傳統版本不同,發生了變化。</li><li><strong>地址表查找的緊湊數組</strong>:在版本0中引入。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/messagev0.c089b240.png" alt="Message v0"></p><p>在查看指令數組中的變化之前,我們首先討論地址表查找的緊湊數組的結構。</p><h3 id="地址表查找的緊湊數組" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#地址表查找的緊湊數組" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 地址表查找的緊湊數組</h3><p>這個結構將地址查找表(LUT)引入到版本化交易中,從而使得在單個交易中加載更多的只讀和可寫賬戶成爲可能。</p><p>緊湊數組以緊湊的u16編碼表示地址表查找的數量,後跟一個地址表查找的數組。每個查找的結構如下:</p><ol><li><strong>賬戶密鑰</strong>:地址查找表的賬戶密鑰。</li><li><strong>可寫索引</strong>:用於加載可寫賬戶地址的緊湊索引數組。我們將此數組表示爲<em>索引數組B</em>。</li><li><strong>只讀索引</strong>:用於加載只讀賬戶地址的緊湊索引數組。我們將此數組表示爲<em>索引數組C</em>。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_luts.9175e491.png" alt="Compact array of LUTs"></p><p>現在讓我們看看指令緊湊數組中做了哪些改變。</p><h3 id="緊湊指令數組-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#緊湊指令數組-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 緊湊指令數組</h3><p>如前所述,傳統指令的緊湊數組存儲了各個傳統指令,而這些指令又分別存儲了以下內容:</p><ol><li>程序ID索引</li><li>賬戶地址索引的緊湊數組</li><li>不透明的8位數據的緊湊數組</li></ol><p>新指令中的變化不在於指令本身的結構,而是在於用於獲取第1和第2項索引的數組。在傳統交易中,使用了索引數組A的子集,而在版本化交易中,則使用了以下組合數組的子集:</p><ol><li><strong>索引數組A</strong>:存儲在消息中的緊湊賬戶數組。</li><li><strong>索引數組B</strong>:地址表查找中的可寫索引。</li><li><strong>索引數組C</strong>:地址表查找中的只讀索引。</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/new_compact_array_of_ixs.54090dc5.png" alt="New Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="rpc變更" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rpc變更" aria-hidden="true">#</a> RPC變更</h2><p>事務響應將需要一個新的版本字段:<code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code>,以向客戶端指示需要遵循的事務結構以進行反序列化。</p><p>以下方法需要進行更新以避免錯誤:</p><ul><li><code>getTransaction</code></li><li><code>getBlock</code></li></ul><p>請求中需要添加以下參數:</p><p><code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0</code></p><p>如果請求中沒有顯式添加<code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code>,事務版本將回退到<code>legacy</code>。任何包含版本化事務的區塊,在存在傳統事務的情況下將返回客戶端錯誤。</p><p>你可以通過向RPC端點發送JSON格式的請求來設置如下:</p><div class="language-plaintext ext-plaintext line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-plaintext"><code>curl http://localhost:8899 -X POST -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; -d \ &#39;{&quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getBlock&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [430, { &quot;encoding&quot;:&quot;json&quot;, &quot;maxSupportedTransactionVersion&quot;:0, &quot;transactionDetails&quot;:&quot;full&quot;, &quot;rewards&quot;:false }]}&#39; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>你還可以使用 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 庫執行相同操作。</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// connect to the `devnet` cluster and get the current `slot`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> slot <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSlot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get the latest block (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> block <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>slot<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get a specific transaction (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;3jpoANiFeVGisWRY5UP648xRXs3iQasCHABPWRWnoEjeA93nc79WrnGgpgazjq4K9m8g2NJoyKoWBV1Kx5VmtwHQ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions#how-create-a-versioned-transaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">如何構建一個版本化事務<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/lookup-tables#how-to-create-an-address-lookup-table" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">如何使用地址查找表(LUTs)構建版本化事務<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#limitations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">版本化交易的限制<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#security-concerns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">版本化交易的安全性問題<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#other-proposals" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">版本化交易的替代性解決方案<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h2 id="參考資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#參考資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 參考資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transactions-V2 Proposal<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">使用版本化交易來開發<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 調試 Solana 程序"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 調試 Solana 程序"><meta name="description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>調試 Solana 程序 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.d0ab2086.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.29a6acd8.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="調試-solana-程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#調試-solana-程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 調試 Solana 程序</h1><p>有許多選項和支持工具可用於測試和調試Solana程序。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">事實表</p><ul><li><code>solana-program-test</code> 包可以使用基本的本地運行時,在其中可以交互式地測試和調試程序(例如在 vscode 中)。</li><li><code>solana-validator</code> 包可以使用<code>solana-test-validator</code>實現進行更可靠的測試,該測試發生在本地驗證器節點上。你可以從編輯器中運行,但是程序中的斷點將被忽略。</li><li>CLI工具<code>solana-test-validator</code> 可以從命令行運行和加載你的程序,並處理來自命令行 Rust 應用程序或使用 web3 的 JavaScript/TypeScript 應用程序的事務執行。</li><li>對於上述所有情況,建議在開始時大量使用<code>msg!</code>宏進行輸出,然後在測試和確保行爲穩定後將其移除。請記住,<code>msg!</code> 會消耗計算單位,如果達到計算單位的預算限制,最終可能導致程序失敗。</li></ul></div><p>按照以下步驟使用 <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a>。將其克隆到你的計算機上:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone [email protected]:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="在編輯器中進行運行時測試和調試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#在編輯器中進行運行時測試和調試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 在編輯器中進行運行時測試和調試</h2><p>打開文件 <code>src/lib.rs</code></p><p>你會看到該程序非常簡單,基本上只是記錄程序入口函數<code>process_instruction</code>接收到的內容。</p><p>1.轉到 <code>#[cfg(test)]</code> 部分,並點擊<code>Run Tests</code>。這將構建程序,然後執行 <code>async fn test_transaction()</code> 測試。你將在 <code>vscode</code> 終端中看到簡化的日誌消息。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bpf_program_template&quot;</span> program loaded as native code Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>2.在程序的第11行(<code>msg!</code>行)上設置一個斷點。 3. 返回測試模塊,點擊<code>Debug</code>,幾秒鐘後調試器會在斷點處停下,現在你可以檢查數據、逐步執行函數等等。</p><p>這些測試也可以通過命令行運行:<code>cargo test</code> 或 <code>cargo test-bpf</code>。當然,任何斷點都會被忽略。</p><p>多酷啊!</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">請注意</p><p>你並沒有使用驗證節點,因此默認的程序、區塊哈希等在驗證節點中的行爲可能與你的運行結果不同。這就是 Solana 團隊爲我們提供本地驗證節點測試的原因!</p></div><h2 id="在編輯器中進行本地驗證節點測試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#在編輯器中進行本地驗證節點測試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 在編輯器中進行本地驗證節點測試</h2><p>在 <code>tests/integration.rs</code> 文件中,定義了使用程序加載本地驗證節點進行集成測試。</p><p>默認情況下,模板倉庫的集成測試只能通過命令行使用 <code>cargo test-bpf</code> 運行。以下步驟將使你能夠在編輯器中運行測試,並顯示程序的驗證節點日誌和 <code>msg!</code> 輸出:</p><ol><li>在倉庫目錄中運行 <code>cargo build-bpf</code> 來構建示例程序</li><li>在編輯器中打開 <code>tests/integration.rs</code> 文件</li><li>將第 1 行註釋掉 -&gt; <code>// #![cfg(feature = &quot;test-bpf&quot;)]</code></li><li>在第 19 行將其修改爲:<code>.add_program(&quot;target/deploy/bpf_program_template&quot;, program_id)</code></li><li>在第 22 行插入以下內容<code>solana_logger::setup_with_default(&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;);</code></li><li>點擊在 <code>test_validator_transaction()</code> 函數上方的 <code>Run Test</code></li></ol><p>這將加載驗證節點,然後允許您構建一個交易(按照 Rust 的方式),並使用<code>RpcClient</code>提交給節點。</p><p>程序的輸出也將打印在編輯器的終端中。例如(簡化):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>在這裏進行調試將允許你調試測試主體中使用的函數和方法,但不會在你的程序中設置斷點。</p><p>非常出色,不是嗎?</p><h2 id="從客戶端應用程序進行本地驗證節點測試" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#從客戶端應用程序進行本地驗證節點測試" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 從客戶端應用程序進行本地驗證節點測試</h2><p>最後,你可以從命令行啓動一個本地驗證節點,並使用<code>solana-test-validator</code>加載你的程序和任何賬戶。</p><p>在這種方法中,你需要一個客戶端應用程序,可以使用Rust的 <a href="#resources">RcpClient</a>,也可以使用 <a href="#resources">JavaScript or Typescript clients</a>的客戶端。</p><p>有關更多詳細信息和選項,請參閱<code>solana-test-validator --help</code>。對於這個示例程序,以下是基本設置:</p><ol><li>在存儲庫文件夾中打開一個終端</li><li>運行<code>solana config set -ul</code>命令,將配置設置爲指向本地</li><li>運行<code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so</code></li><li>打開另一個終端並運行<code>solana logs</code>以啓動日誌流</li><li>然後,你可以運行客戶端程序,並在您啓動日誌流的終端中觀察程序輸出</li></ol><p>那可真是太棒了!</p><h2 id="資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 資料</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/account-maps.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>賬戶映射 | Solana Cookbook</title><meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.ec99597b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.a75e89c2.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="賬戶映射" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#賬戶映射" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 賬戶映射</h1><p>在編程中,我們經常使用映射(Map)這種數據結構,將一個鍵與某種值關聯起來。鍵和值可以是任意類型的數據,鍵用作標識要保存的特定值的標識符。通過鍵,我們可以高效地插入、檢索和更新這些值。</p><p>正如我們所瞭解的,Solana的賬戶模型要求程序數據和相關狀態數據存儲在不同的賬戶中。這些賬戶都有與之關聯的地址,這本身就有映射的作用!在<a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">這裏<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>瞭解更多關於Solana賬戶模型的信息。</p><p>因此,將值存儲在單獨的賬戶中,以其地址作爲檢索值所需的鍵是有意義的。但這也帶來了一些問題,比如:</p><p>*上述地址很可能不是理想的鍵,你可能難以記住並檢索所需的值。</p><p>*上述地址是不同Keypair的公鑰,每個公鑰(或地址)都有與之關聯的私鑰。如果需要,這個私鑰將用於對不同的指令進行簽名,這意味着我們需要在某個地方存儲私鑰,這絕對不是推薦的做法!</p><p>這給許多Solana開發者帶來了一個問題,即如何在他們的程序中實現類似<code>Map</code>的邏輯。讓我們看看幾種解決這個問題的方法。</p><h2 id="派生pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#派生pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 派生PDA</h2><p>PDA的全稱是“程序派生地址” - <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>,簡而言之,它們是從一組種子和程序ID(或地址)派生出來的地址。</p><p>PDAs的獨特之處在於,這些地址不與任何私鑰相關聯。這是因爲這些地址不位於ED25519曲線上。因此,只有派生此地址的程序可以使用提供的密鑰和種子對指令進行簽名。在這裏瞭解更多信息。</p><p>現在我們對PDAs有了一個概念,讓我們使用它們來映射一些賬戶!我們以一個博客程序作爲示例,演示如何實現這一點。</p><p>在這個博客程序中,我們希望每個<code>User</code>都擁有一個<code>Blog</code>。這個博客可以有任意數量的<code>Posts</code>。這意味着我們將每個用戶映射到一個博客,每個帖子映射到某個博客。</p><p>簡而言之,用戶和他/她的博客之間是<code>1:1</code>的映射,而博客和其帖子之間是<code>1:N</code>的映射。</p><p>對於<code>1:1</code>的映射,我們希望一個博客的地址僅從其用戶派生,這樣我們可以通過其權限(或用戶)來檢索博客。因此,博客的種子將包括其權限的密鑰,可能還有一個前綴博客,作爲類型標識符。</p><p>對於<code>1:N</code>的映射,我們希望每個帖子的地址不僅從它所關聯的博客派生,還從另一個標識符派生,以區分博客中的多個帖子。在下面的示例中,每個帖子的地址是從博客的密鑰、一個用於標識每個帖子的slug和一個前綴帖子派生出來的,作爲類型標識符。</p><p>代碼如下所示:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Content or Title.&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: InitBlog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: CreatePost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Instruction&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Data&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account not Writable&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>在客戶端,你可以使用<code>PublicKey.findProgramAddress()</code>來獲取所需的<code>Blog</code> 和<code>Post</code>賬戶地址,然後將其傳遞給<code>connection.getAccountInfo()</code>來獲取賬戶數據。下面是一個示例:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authorityPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;postCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="單個映射賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#單個映射賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 單個映射賬戶</h2><p>另一種實現映射的方法是在單個賬戶中顯式存儲一個<code>BTreeMap</code>數據結構。這個賬戶的地址本身可以是一個PDA,或者是生成的Keypair的公鑰。</p><p>這種賬戶映射的方法並不理想,原因如下:</p><p>*首先,你需要初始化存儲<code>BTreeMap</code>的賬戶,然後才能向其中插入必要的鍵值對。然後,你還需要將這個賬戶的地址存儲在某個地方,以便每次更新時進行更新。</p><p>*賬戶存在內存限制,每個賬戶的最大大小爲10兆字節,這限制了<code>BTreeMap</code>存儲大量鍵值對的能力。</p><p>因此,在考慮你的用例後,可以按照以下方式實現這種方法:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;instruction_data: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initializing map!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Inserting entry!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -&gt; blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid MapAccount account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account already has entry in Map&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>上述程序的客戶端測試代碼可能如下所示:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;is_initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_a&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_b&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;blogs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MapData: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/guides/get-program-accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 獲取程序帳戶"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 獲取程序帳戶"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>獲取程序帳戶 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.c29868e4.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.5f716fa3.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="獲取程序帳戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#獲取程序帳戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 獲取程序帳戶</h1><p>一個返回程序所擁有的賬戶的RPC方法。目前不支持分頁。請求<code>getProgramAccounts</code>應該包括<code>dataSlice</code>和/或<code>filters</code>參數,以提高響應時間並返回只有預期結果的內容。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">參數</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - 要查詢的程序的公鑰,以base58編碼的字符串形式提供。</li><li>(可選) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - 包含以下可選字段的配置參數: <ul><li>(可選) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">狀態承諾/State commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(可選) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - 賬戶數據的編碼方式,可以是: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code>, 或 <code>jsonParsed</code>. 請注意 web3js 用戶應改用 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(可選) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - 根據以下內容限制返回的賬戶數據: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - 開始返回賬戶數據的字節數</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - 要返回的賬戶數據的字節數</li></ul></li><li>(可選) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - 使用以下過濾器對象對結果進行過濾: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - 將一系列字節與賬戶數據匹配: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - 開始比較的賬戶數據字節偏移量</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - 要匹配的數據,以base58編碼的字符串形式,限制爲129個字節</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - 將賬戶數據的長度與提供的數據大小進行比較</li></ul></li><li>(可選) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - 將結果包裝在一個 <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="響應" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#響應" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 響應</h5><p>默認情況下,<code>getProgramAccounts</code>將返回一個具有以下結構的 JSON 對象數組:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - 賬戶公鑰,以 base58 編碼的字符串形式</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - 一個包含以下子字段的 JSON 對象: <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, 分配給賬戶的 lamports 數量</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, 賬戶所分配的程序的 base58 編碼的公鑰</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - 與賬戶關聯的數據,根據提供的編碼參數,可以是編碼的二進制數據或 JSON 格式 parameter</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, 指示賬戶是否包含着程序</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, 該賬戶下次需要支付租金的紀元(epoch)</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="深入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#深入" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 深入</h2><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code> 是一個多功能的RPC方法,用於返回由程序擁有的所有賬戶。我們可以利用<code>getProgramAccounts</code>進行許多有用的查詢,例如查找:</p><ul><li>特定錢包的所有代幣賬戶</li><li>特定代幣發行的所有代幣賬戶(即所有<a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>持有人)</li><li>特定程序的所有自定義賬戶(即所有<a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>用戶)</li></ul><p>儘管<code>getProgramAccounts</code>非常有用,但由於目前的限制,它經常被誤解。許多由<code>getProgramAccounts</code>支持的查詢需要RPC節點掃描大量數據。這些掃描需要大量的內存和資源。因此,調用過於頻繁或範圍過大可能導致連接超時。此外,在撰寫本文時,<code>getProgramAccounts</code>端點不支持分頁。如果查詢結果太大,響應將被截斷。</p><p>爲了解決當前的限制,<code>getProgramAccounts</code>提供了一些有用的參數,包括<code>dataSlice</code>和<code>filters</code>選項的<code>memcmp</code>和<code>dataSize</code>。通過提供這些參數的組合,我們可以將查詢範圍縮小到可管理和可預測的大小。</p><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>的一個常見示例涉及與<a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 程序交互。僅使用基本調用請求由Token程序擁有的所有賬戶將涉及大量的數據。然而,通過提供參數,我們可以高效地請求我們要使用的數據。</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p>與<code>getProgramAccounts</code>一起使用的最常見參數是<code>filters</code>數組。該數組接受兩種類型的過濾器,即<code>dataSize</code>和<code>memcmp</code>。在使用這些過濾器之前,我們應該熟悉我們請求的數據的佈局和序列化方式。</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>在Token程序的情況下,我們可以看到<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">代幣賬戶的長度爲165個字節<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 具體而言,一個代幣賬戶有八個不同的字段,每個字段需要一定數量的字節。我們可以使用下面的示例圖來可視化這些數據的佈局。</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>如果我們想找到由我們的錢包地址擁有的所有代幣賬戶,我們可以在<code>filters</code>數組中添加<code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code>來將查詢範圍縮小爲僅限長度爲165個字節的賬戶。然而,僅此還不夠。我們還需要添加一個過濾器來查找由我們的地址擁有的賬戶。我們可以使用<code>memcmp</code>過濾器實現這一點。</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p><code>memcmp</code>過濾器,也叫&quot;內存比較&quot;過濾器,允許我們比較存儲在賬戶上的任何字段的數據。具體而言,我們可以查詢僅與特定位置上的特定一組字節匹配的賬戶。<code>memcmp</code>需要兩個參數:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: 開始比較數據的位置。這個位置以字節爲單位,表示爲一個整數。</li><li><code>bytes</code>: 數據應該與賬戶的數據匹配。這表示爲一個base58編碼的字符串,應該限制在129個字節以下。</li></ul><p>需要注意的是,<code>memcmp</code>只會返回與提供的<code>bytes</code>完全匹配的結果。目前,它不支持與提供的<code>bytes</code>相比小於或大於的比較。</p><p>繼續使用我們的Token程序示例,我們可以修改查詢,只返回由我們的錢包地址擁有的代幣賬戶。觀察代幣賬戶時,我們可以看到存儲在代幣賬戶上的前兩個字段都是公鑰,而且每個公鑰的長度爲32個字節。鑑於<code>owner</code>是第二個字段,我們應該從<code>offset</code>爲32字節的位置開始進行<code>memcmp</code>。從這裏開始,我們將尋找owner字段與我們的錢包地址匹配的賬戶。</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>我們可以通過以下實例來調用此查詢:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;uiAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Amount: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1.0 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3.0 */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;jsonParsed&quot;, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 32, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output: </span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;parsed&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;info&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;isNative&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;mint&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;state&quot;: &quot;initialized&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;tokenAmount&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;amount&quot;: &quot;998999999000000000&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;decimals&quot;: 9,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmount&quot;: 998999999,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmountString&quot;: &quot;998999999&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;type&quot;: &quot;account&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;program&quot;: &quot;spl-token&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;space&quot;: 165</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>除了上面提到的兩個過濾器參數以外,<code>getProgramAccounts</code>的第三個最常見參數是<code>dataSlice</code>。與<code>filters</code>參數不同,<code>dataSlice</code>不會減少查詢返回的賬戶數量。<code>dataSlice</code>將限制的是每個賬戶的數據量。</p><p>與<code>memcmp</code>類似,<code>dataSlice</code>接受兩個參數:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: 開始返回賬戶數據的位置(以字節爲單位)</li><li><code>length</code>: 應該返回的字節數</li></ul><p>在處理大型數據集但實際上不關心賬戶數據本身時,<code>dataSlice</code>特別有用。例如,如果我們想找到特定代幣發行的代幣賬戶數量(即代幣持有者數量),就可以使用<code>dataSlice</code>。</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice the empty &lt;Buffer &gt; at acccount.data) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:#?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf: [ ( tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 319, }, ), ( CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ( Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ] */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for &quot;base58&quot;, &quot;base64&quot; or &quot;base64+zstd&quot;</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;base64&quot;, &quot;dataSlice&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;length&quot;: 0 }, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output:</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>通過組合這三個參數(<code>dataSlice</code>、<code>dataSize</code>和<code>memcmp</code>),我們可以限制查詢的範圍,並高效地返回我們想要的數據。</p><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/core-concepts/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 賬戶"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 賬戶"><meta name="description" content="賬戶是Solana開發中非常重要的構成要素。在Solana祕籍可以學習賬戶以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:description" content="賬戶是Solana開發中非常重要的構成要素。在Solana祕籍可以學習賬戶以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>賬戶 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.c4066a49.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.25738f4e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="賬戶" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#賬戶" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 賬戶</h1><p>在Solana中,賬戶是用來存儲狀態的。賬戶是Solana開發中非常重要的構成要素。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">要點</p><ul><li>賬戶是用來存放數據的</li><li>每個賬戶都有一個獨一無二的地址</li><li>每個賬戶大小不能超過10MB</li><li>程序派生賬戶大小不能超過10KB</li><li>程序派生賬戶可以用其對應程序進行簽名</li><li>賬戶大小是靜態的</li><li>賬戶數據存儲需要付租金</li><li>默認的賬戶所有者是&quot;系統程序&quot;</li></ul></div><h2 id="深入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#深入" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 深入</h2><h3 id="賬戶模型" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#賬戶模型" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 賬戶模型</h3><p>在Solana中有三類賬戶:</p><ul><li>數據賬戶,用來存儲數據</li><li>程序賬戶,用來存儲可執行程序</li><li>原生賬戶,指Solana上的原生程序,例如&quot;System&quot;,&quot;Stake&quot;,以及&quot;Vote&quot;。</li></ul><p>數據賬戶又分爲兩類:</p><ul><li>系統所有賬戶</li><li>程序派生賬戶(PDA)</li></ul><p>每個賬戶都有一個地址(一般情況下是一個公鑰)以及一個所有者(程序賬戶的地址)。 下面詳細列出一個賬戶存儲的完整字段列表。</p><table><thead><tr><th>字段</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>這個賬戶擁有的lamport(蘭波特)數量</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>這個賬戶的所有者程序</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>這個賬戶成是否可以處理指令</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>這個賬戶存儲的數據的字節碼</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>下一個需要付租金的epoch(代)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>關於所有權,有幾條重要的規則:</p><ul><li>只有賬戶的所有者才能改變賬戶中的數據,提取lamport</li><li>任何人都可以向數據賬戶中存入lamport</li><li>當賬戶中的數據被抹除之後,賬戶的所有者可以指定新的所有者</li></ul><p>程序賬戶不儲存狀態。</p><p>例如,假設有一個計數程序,這個程序用來爲一個計數器加數,你需要創建兩個賬戶,一個用於存儲程序的代碼, 另一個用於存儲計數器本身。</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.8a777374.png" alt=""></p><p>爲了避免賬戶被刪除,必須付租金。</p><h3 id="租金" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#租金" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 租金</h3><p>在賬戶中存儲數據需要花費SOL來維持,這部分花費的SOL被稱作租金。如果你在一個賬戶中存入大於兩年租金的SOL, 這個賬戶就可以被豁免付租。租金可以通過關閉賬戶的方式來取回。lamport會被返還回你的錢包。</p><p>租金在這兩個不同的時間點被支取:</p><ol><li>被一個交易引用的時候</li><li>epoch更迭時</li></ol><p>收取的租金,一定百分比會被銷燬,另一部分會在每個slot(插槽)結束時被分配給投票賬戶。</p><p>當一個賬戶沒有足夠的餘額支付租金時,這個賬戶會被釋放,數據會被清除。</p><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana賬戶模型<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文檔<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip/status/1452402100470644739" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pencilflip賬戶主題<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h3 id="致謝" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#致謝" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 致謝</h3><p>這些核心概念來源於Pencilflip. <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=pencilflip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在Twitter上關注他<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/core-concepts/pdas.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 程序派生賬戶"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 程序派生賬戶"><meta name="description" content="程序派生賬戶是爲了讓特定程序可以控制一些賬戶而設計出來的。在Solana祕籍可以學習程序派生賬戶以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:description" content="程序派生賬戶是爲了讓特定程序可以控制一些賬戶而設計出來的。在Solana祕籍可以學習程序派生賬戶以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>程序派生賬戶 (PDA) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.19706e9c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.35c6152a.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="程序派生賬戶-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#程序派生賬戶-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 程序派生賬戶(PDA)</h1><p>程序派生賬戶(PDA)是爲了讓特定程序可以控制一些賬戶而設計出來的。使用PDA,程序可以通過編程方法爲一些地址進行簽名,而不一定用到私鑰。 PDA是<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation(跨程序調用)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>的基礎, 這個功能讓Solana的app可以跟其他app進行組合。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">要點</p><ul><li>PDA是長度爲32的字節串,看起來和公鑰很像,但是並沒有與之對應的私鑰</li><li><code>findProgramAddress</code>可以針對一個programId(程序id)和seeds(種子)唯一確定的生成一個PDA。這裏的seeds(種子)是一組指定的字節串</li><li>一個跳躍(一個字節)用於將候選PDA推離ed25519橢圓曲線</li><li>程序通過傳入種子和跳躍參數,調用<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>爲PDA進行簽名</li><li>PDA只能被用來派生出這個地址的程序所簽名</li><li>除了允許程序爲不同的instruction簽名之外,PDA還提供了一個像哈希表一樣的接口,用於<a href="/zh_t/guides/account-maps.html" class="">建立賬戶索引</a></li></ul></div><h1 id="深入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#深入" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 深入</h1><p>PDA是Solana程序開發的重要構成要素。有了PDA,程序可以爲賬戶簽名,同時保證沒有外部用戶能夠產生針對同一個賬戶的有效簽名。 除了爲賬戶簽名外,一些程序還可以修改自己派生出來的PDA裏的數據。</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.11f1f839.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">图片来源:<a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="生成pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#生成pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 生成PDA</h3><p>爲了更好的理解PDA的概念,可以認爲PDA從技術角度講並不是創建出來的,而是找到的。PDA由一組種子(例如字符串<code>&quot;vote_account&quot;</code>)以及程序id生成。 這組種子和程序id接下來會放到sha256哈希函數中執行一遍,檢查他們產生的公鑰是否落在ed25519橢圓曲線上。</p><p>在程序id和種子上運行哈希函數時,有大約50%的概率會得到在一個落在橢圓曲線上有效的公鑰。這種情況下,我們需要向輸入當中加點擾動,略微改變輸入,再進行重試。 這個擾動的技術名稱叫bump(跳躍)。在Solana中,我們一開始指定<code>bump = 255</code>,然後向下迭代bump,到254,253等等。知道我們能夠找到一個不在橢圓曲線上的地址爲止。 這個看起來簡陋的辦法可以讓我們每次生成PDA的時候都能夠得到唯一確定的結果。</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.018ed1bf.png" alt="落在橢圓曲線上的PDA"></p><h3 id="與pda交互" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#與pda交互" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 與PDA交互</h3><p>生成PDA的時候,<code>findProgramAddress</code>會把得到的地址和用來將PDA碰撞出橢圓曲線所用的bump都返回出來。 有了這個bump,程序就可以對任何需要這個PDA地址的指令進行簽名。簽名時,程序調用<code>invoke_signed</code>函數,傳入指令,賬戶列表,以及用於生成PDA的種子和bump。 除了爲指令簽名之外,PDA在他自己通過<code>invoke_signed</code>函數被創建時,也需要簽名。</p><p>在使用PDA編寫程序時,經常會將這個bump<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">存儲在這個賬戶本身的數據當中<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 這種機制可以讓開發者輕易的對PDA進行驗證,而不用重新在指令參數當中傳入這個值。</p><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文檔<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Program Derived Addresses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/core-concepts/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 程序"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 程序"><meta name="description" content="程序,也稱爲智能合約,是所有鏈上活動的基礎。在Solana祕籍可以學習程序以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:description" content="程序,也稱爲智能合約,是所有鏈上活動的基礎。在Solana祕籍可以學習程序以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>程序 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.b67b45cc.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.2a06f575.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 程序</h1><p>任何開發者都可以在Solana鏈上編寫以及部署程序。Solana程序(在其他鏈上叫做智能合約),是所有鏈上活動的基礎。 鏈上的一切活動,從去中心化金融(DeFi),到非同質化代幣(NFT),再到社交媒體,鏈上游戲,都由Solana程序所驅動。</p><h2 id="綜述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#綜述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 綜述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">要點</p><ul><li>程序可以處理來自用戶和其他程序的<a href="./transactions">指令</a></li><li>所有的程序都是<strong>無狀態</strong>的:所有的和程序交互的數據都是存儲在獨立的<a href="/zh_t/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">賬戶</a>中。執行時,這些賬戶藉由指令傳入程序</li><li>程序本身存儲在標記爲<code>executable</code>(可執行)的賬戶中。</li><li>任何程序的所有者都是<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> and executed by the <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>開發者通常使用Rust或C++來編寫程序,也可以採用任何其他可以編譯爲<a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>的<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>後端的語言</li><li>所有的程序都有一個單獨的入口點,指令的執行就是從這裏開始的(亦即<code>process_instruction</code>)。參數須包括: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code> (公鑰)</li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code> (數組)</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code> (字節數組)</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="深入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#深入" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 深入</h2><p>與其他鏈不同,Solana將代碼與數據完全分開。 程序需要訪問的全部數據都存儲在獨立的賬戶中,在指令中這些賬戶需要以引用的方式傳入。 這種模式使得一個通用的程序可以在不同的賬戶上運行,而不用爲此額外部署程序。 這種模式的例子很常見,包括了&quot;原生程序&quot;以及&quot;SPL程序&quot;等。</p><h3 id="原生程序和solana程序庫-spl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#原生程序和solana程序庫-spl" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 原生程序和Solana程序庫(SPL)</h3><p>Solana自帶一系列程序,這些程序是鏈上交互的核心構成要素。 這些程序分爲<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">原生程序<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> 和<a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana程序庫(SPL程序)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>原生程序提供了運行驗證節點(validator)所需的功能。原生程序中最廣爲人知的是<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 這個程序負責管理建立新賬戶以及在兩個賬戶之間轉賬SOL。</p><p>SPL程序定義了一系列的鏈上活動,其中包括針對代幣的創建,交換,借貸,以及創建質押池,維護鏈上域名解析服務等。 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Token Program(SPL代幣程序)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>可以直接在命令行調用,其他的一些,如 <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Associated Token Account Program(關聯代幣賬戶程序)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, 則常被用於編寫其他定製程序。</p><h3 id="編寫程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#編寫程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 編寫程序</h3><p>編寫Solana程序常用的是Rust和C++,但是也可以使用其他可以編譯爲LLVM的BPF後端的語言。 最近<a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>和<a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>發起了一個項目, 旨在建立Solana的<a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>兼容性,進而讓開發者可以使用Solidity編寫程序。</p><p>大部分Rust編寫的程序遵循以下架構:</p><table><thead><tr><th>文件</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>註冊模塊</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>程序的入口點</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>程序的API, 對指令的數據進行序列化與反序列化</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>程序的業務邏輯</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>程序對象,對狀態進行反序列化</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>程序中制定的錯誤</td></tr></tbody></table><p>最近,<a href="https://project-serum.github.io/anchor/getting-started/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>逐漸成爲了一個廣受歡迎的Solana程序開發框架。 Anchor是一個有態度的框架,與Ruby on Rails相似,這個框架旨在減少模式化的代碼,將Rust開發流程中的序列化與反序列化過程流水線化。</p><p>在部署到Testnet(測試網)和Mainnet(主網)之前,程序在開發和測試階段經常使用Localhost和Devnet(開發網)環境。 Solana支持以下的幾個環境:</p><table><thead><tr><th>集羣環境</th><th>RPC連接URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>默認端口:8899(例如,http://localhost:8899,http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>部署到一個環境之後,客戶端就可以通過對應集羣的<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC連接<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>與鏈上程序進行交互。</p><h3 id="部署程序" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#部署程序" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 部署程序</h3><p>開發者可以使用<a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">命令行<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>部署程序:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>部署程序的時候,程序會被編譯爲包含BPF字節碼的<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF共享對象<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>,並上傳到Solana集羣上。 和Solana上其他的任何東西一樣,程序儲存在賬戶當中。唯一的特殊之處是,這些賬戶標記爲<code>executable</code>(可執行),並且其所有者是&quot;BPF Loader(BPF加載器)&quot;。 這個賬戶的地址被稱爲<code>program_id</code>,在後面的一切交易當中,用於指代這個程序。</p><p>Solana支持多種BPF加載器,最新的是<a href="https://explorer.solana.com/address/BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Upgradable BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 BPF加載器負責管理程序賬戶,讓客戶端可以通過其<code>program_id</code>對程序進行訪問。每個程序都只有一個入口點,這裏對指令進行處理。這裏的參數須包括:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code>(公鑰)</li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>(數組)</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code>(字節數組)</li></ul><p>當程序被調用時,會在Solana運行庫中被執行。</p><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文檔<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL文檔<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Deploys by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://hackmd.io/@ironaddicteddog/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit by Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programming on Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to the Solana Blockchain by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://project-serum.github.io/anchor/getting-started/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/zh_t/core-concepts/transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana祕籍 | 交易"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana祕籍 | 交易"><meta name="description" content="交易是許多Solana操作單元打包到一起所組成的。在Solana祕籍可以學習交易以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:description" content="交易是許多Solana操作單元打包到一起所組成的。在Solana祕籍可以學習交易以及其他一些核心概念。"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>交易 | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.8e008dcb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.5f4184a8.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Contribute"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribute <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/zh_t/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Getting Started <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Core Concepts <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">References <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item collapsible">Gaming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Introduction to Gaming on Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Gaming SDKs"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Gaming SDKs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Gaming with NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> Gaming with NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hello World example"><!--[--><!--]--> Hello World example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Storing SOL in a PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Storing SOL in a PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Saving game state"><!--[--><!--]--> Saving game state <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Energy System"><!--[--><!--]--> Energy System <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How interact with tokens in programs"><!--[--><!--]--> How interact with tokens in programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Port Anchor to Unity"><!--[--><!--]--> Port Anchor to Unity <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Distribution"><!--[--><!--]--> Distribution <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Learn By Example"><!--[--><!--]--> Learn By Example <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="交易" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#交易" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 交易</h1><p>客戶端可以通過向一個集羣提交交易來調用<a href="/zh_t/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">程序</a>。一個交易可以包含多個指令,每個指令可以針對不同的程序。 交易提交時,Solana<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">運行庫<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>會自動的按順序處理這些指令。 如果某一個指令中的任何一個部分失敗,整個交易就會失敗。</p><h2 id="概述" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#概述" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 概述</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">要點</p><ul><li>指令是Solana上最基本的操作單元</li><li>每個指令都包含: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>:所針對的程序的id</li><li><code>accounts</code>:需要讀或寫的全部賬戶組成的數組</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>:向指定程序所傳輸的數據的字節碼</li></ul></li><li>多個指令可以被打包進入同一個交易當中</li><li>每個交易都包含: <ul><li><code>instructions</code>:一個或多個指令</li><li><code>blockhash</code>:最新的塊哈希值</li><li><code>signatures</code>:一個或多個簽名</li></ul></li><li>指令會被自動的按順序執行</li><li>如果一個指令的任何一部分失敗,整個交易就會失敗</li><li>交易的大小限制在1232字節以內</li></ul></div><h2 id="深入" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#深入" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 深入</h2><p>在Solana運行庫中,指令和交易都需要先指定全部需要讀寫訪問的賬戶列表。 通過事先指定賬戶列表,運行庫可以對交易的執行做並行化處理。</p><p>當交易被提交到集羣時,運行庫會自動的按照順序處理這些指令。對於每個指令,接收這個指令的程序會解析指令中的數據字段,在指定的賬戶上進行操作。 程序要麼執行成功,要麼會返回一個錯誤碼。如果返回了一個錯誤碼,整個交易都會立即失敗。</p><p>任何交易,只要針對一個賬戶扣除SOL,或者修改其中的數據,都需要這個賬戶擁有者的簽名。 在交易中,會被修改的賬戶都會被標記爲<code>writable</code>(可寫)。 當交易的付費者支付了足夠的租金和交易費用時,一個賬戶可以被存入SOL而不用這個賬戶擁有者的許可。</p><p>提交之前,每個交易需要引用一個<a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">recent blockhash(最新塊哈希)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>。 塊哈希被用於去重,以及移除過期交易。一個塊哈希的最大壽命是150個區塊,成文時這個時間大約是1分鐘19秒。</p><h3 id="費用" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#費用" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 費用</h3><p>Solana網絡收取兩種費用:</p><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">交易費<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>,用於向網絡廣播消息(亦即gas費)</li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">租金<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>,用於向區塊鏈上存儲數據</li></ul><p>在Solana中,交易費是確定的。並沒有費率競價的概念,用戶無法通過增加交易費的方式增加自己的交易被打包進下一個區塊的概率。 在成文時,交易費只與交易所需的簽名數量相關(參見<code>lamports_per_signature</code>),與交易所使用的資源無關。 這是因爲目前所有交易都有一個嚴格的1232字節的限制。</p><p>每個交易都需要至少有一個<code>writable</code>(可寫)的賬戶,用於爲交易簽名。這個賬戶無論交易成功與否都需要爲交易成本付費。 如果付費者沒有足夠爲交易付費的餘額,這個交易就會被丟棄。</p><p>成文時,50%的交易費被出塊的驗證節點收取,剩下的50%被燃燒掉。這樣的結構會激勵驗證節點在leader schedule(領導時間表)規定的屬於自己的slot(插槽)中處理儘可能多的交易。</p><h2 id="其他資料" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他資料" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 其他資料</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官方文檔<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">交易的結構<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Transaction-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Fees by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to Solana by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing by Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Transaction in Depth by Alex Miller<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">lillianrf</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Tahanan ng Solana References"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Tahanan ng Solana References"><meta name="description" content="Ang Solana cookbook ay isang koleksyon ng mga kapaki-pakinabang na halimbawa at sanggunian para sa pagbuo sa Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Ang Solana cookbook ay isang koleksyon ng mga kapaki-pakinabang na halimbawa at sanggunian para sa pagbuo sa Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Cooking with Solana | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.4943c0a7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.dd541d3c.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active"><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/#paano-mag-ambag" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-ambag <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/#how-to-read-the-cookbook" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to Read the Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> How to Read the Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="cooking-with-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cooking-with-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Cooking with Solana</h1><p>Ang <em>Solana Cookbook</em> ay isang mapagkukunan ng developer na nagbibigay ng mahahalagang konsepto at sanggunian para sa pagbuo ng mga aplikasyon sa Solana. Ang bawat konsepto at pagtutuunan ng sanggunian ang mga tiyak na aspeto ng Solana pag-unlad habang nagbibigay ng karagdagang mga detalye at paggamit mga halimbawa.</p><h2 id="paano-mag-ambag" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-ambag" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-ambag</h2><p>Ang Cookbook ay idinisenyo sa paraang nagpapadali para sa bagong mga developer ng Solana na mag-aambag. Kahit ikaw hindi alam kung paano gumawa ng isang bagay, nag-aambag sa Ang cookbook ay isang mahusay na paraan upang matuto!</p><p>Tingnan ang lahat ng bukas na isyu <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Mga alituntunin sa kontribusyon <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook#contributing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Kung nalaman mong walang mungkahi ang cookbook, mangyaring magdagdag ng isyu.</p><h2 id="how-to-read-the-cookbook" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-read-the-cookbook" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to Read the Cookbook</h2><p>Ang Solana Cookbook ay nahahati sa iba&#39;t ibang mga seksyon, ang bawat isa ay naglalayong sa ibang layunin.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Section</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mga pangunahing konsepto</td><td>Building blocks ng Solana na magandang malaman para sa pag-gawa</td></tr><tr><td>Mga gabay</td><td>Snack-sized na mga gabay tungkol sa iba&#39;t ibang kasangkapan para sa pag-gawa</td></tr><tr><td>Mga sanggunian</td><td>Mga sanggunian sa mga karaniwang kinakailangang snippet ng code</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/nfts-in-games.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Gaming with NFTS"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Gaming with NFTS"><meta name="description" content="NFTs can be a powerful tool in blockchain games. Learn how to utilize NFTs in Solana games to their full potential."><meta name="og:description" content="NFTs can be a powerful tool in blockchain games. Learn how to utilize NFTs in Solana games to their full potential."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Gaming with NFTs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts-in-games.html.5898ff02.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts-in-games.html.e1b77b87.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/nfts-in-games.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="nft-sa-mga-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nft-sa-mga-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> NFT Sa Mga Laro</h1><p>Ang mga non-fungible token (NFTs) ay mabilis na nagiging popular bilang isang paraan ng pagsasama ng Solana sa mga laro. Ang mga natatanging digital asset na ito ay naka-store sa Solana blockchain at may naka-attach na JSON metadata sa kanila. Ang metadata ay nagpapahintulot sa mga developer na mag-imbak ng mahahalagang katangian at impormasyon tungkol sa NFT, tulad bilang pambihira o partikular na mga kakayahan sa laro. Maaaring gamitin ang mga NFT sa mga laro upang kumatawan sa anumang bagay mula sa mga armas at armor sa digital real estate at collectibles, na nagbibigay ng bagong antas ng pagmamay-ari at kakulangan para sa mga manlalaro.</p><h2 id="token-gating-sa-mga-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#token-gating-sa-mga-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Token gating sa mga NFT</h2><p>Gamit ang mga NFT, maaari mong i-gate ang access sa isang partikular na bahagi ng isang laro batay sa pagmamay-ari ng NFT. Maaari itong bumuo ng isang mas mahigpit na komunidad sa loob ng iyong laro. Sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/de/developing/clients/javascript-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">js<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> gamit ang <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js#readme" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Metaplex sdk<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> gagawin nito ganito ang hitsura:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// For example &#39;.config/solana/devnet.json&#39;</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;yourKeyPair.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyPair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>decodedKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyPair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nfts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">owner</span><span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> collectionNfts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> nfts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>nfts<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>collection<span class="token operator">?.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> collectionAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> collectionNfts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nfts<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><h2 id="bonus-effects-sa-mga-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bonus-effects-sa-mga-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bonus Effects sa mga NFT</h2><p>Bilang karagdagan sa pagbibigay ng mga bagong stream ng kita, ang mga NFT ay maaari ding gamitin upang magbigay ng mga in-game na benepisyo at bonus sa mga manlalaro. Halimbawa, ang isang manlalaro na nagmamay-ari ng &quot;coin doubler&quot; na NFT ay maaaring makatanggap ng doble sa halaga ng mga barya hangga&#39;t hawak nila ang NFT sa kanilang wallet. Bilang karagdagan, ang mga NFT ay maaaring gamitin bilang mga consumable, na nagpapahintulot sa mga manlalaro na gamitin ang mga ito upang makakuha ng mga pansamantalang epekto tulad ng mga potion o spell. Kapag natupok, ang NFT ay sinusunog, at ang epekto ay inilalapat sa karakter ng manlalaro. Ang mga makabagong feature na ito ng mga NFT ay nagbibigay sa mga developer ng laro ng mga bagong pagkakataon upang lumikha ng mga natatanging karanasan sa gameplay at gantimpalaan ang mga manlalaro para sa kanilang pagmamay-ari ng mahahalagang asset sa Solana blockchain.</p><p><a href="../references/token#how-to-burn-tokens">Paano makipag-ugnayan sa mga token</a></p><p><a href="../references/nfts">NFTs</a></p><h2 id="paggamit-ng-nft-metadata-para-sa-player-stats" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paggamit-ng-nft-metadata-para-sa-player-stats" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paggamit ng NFT Metadata para sa Player Stats</h2><p>Ang mga NFT ay mayroon ding Metadata, na maaaring magamit para sa lahat ng uri ng mga katangian para sa mga bagay ng laro. Halimbawa ang isang NFT ay maaaring kumatawan sa isang karakter ng laro at ang kanyang mga katangian Lakas/Katalinuhan/Agility ay maaaring direktang makaimpluwensya kung gaano kalakas ang karakter sa laro. Maaari mong i-load ang NFT metadata at ang kanilang mga katangian gamit ang Metaplex SDK:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// For example &#39;.config/solana/devnet.json&#39;</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;yourKeyPair.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyPair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>decodedKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyPair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nfts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">owner</span><span class="token operator">:</span> keyPair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> physicalDamage <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> magicalDamage <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> nfts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token parameter">nft</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">metadata</span><span class="token operator">:</span> nft<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>attributes<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token parameter">attribute</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>attribute<span class="token punctuation">.</span>trait_type <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Strength&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> physicalDamage <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token function">parseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>attribute<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>attribute<span class="token punctuation">.</span>trait_type <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Int&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> magicalDamage <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token function">parseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>attribute<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Physical Damage: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> physicalDamage<span class="token punctuation">)</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Magical Damage: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> magicalDamage<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h2 id="pinagsasama-sama-ang-mga-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pinagsasama-sama-ang-mga-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pinagsasama-sama ang mga NFT</h2><p>Binibigyang-daan ka ng <a href="https://docs.metaplex.com/programs/fusion/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Metaplex Fusion Trifle program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na magkaroon ang mga NFT ng iba pang mga NFT. Halimbawa, maaari kang lumikha ng isang plot ng halaman na NFT at pagkatapos ay gamitin ito upang pagsamahin ito sa isang water NFT at isang buto ng NFT upang lumikha ng isang Tomato NFT.</p><h2 id="gumamit-ng-3d-nfts-sa-isang-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gumamit-ng-3d-nfts-sa-isang-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gumamit ng 3D Nfts sa isang laro</h2><p>Ang bawat NFT metadata ay maaari ding magkaroon ng animation url. Ang url na ito ay maaaring maglaman ng isang video, gif o isang 3d na file. Karaniwang ginagamit ng mga 3d file na ito ang format na .glb o .gltf at maaaring dynamic na mai-load sa isang laro. Para sa pagkakaisa maaari mong gamitin ang <a href="https://github.com/atteneder/glTFast" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GLTFast<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> package at sa js ang <a href="https://discoverthreejs.com/book/first-steps/load-models/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GLTFast JS<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Para sa sanggunian ng <a href="https://solscan.io/token/DzHPvbGzrHK4UcyeDurw2nuBFKNvt4Kb7K8Bx9dtsfn#metadata" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NFT metadata na may glb model<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="language-c ext-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code> var gltf <span class="token operator">=</span> gameObject<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AddComponent<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>GLTFast<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GltfAsset<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> gltf<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url <span class="token operator">=</span> nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">.</span>animationUrl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>npm install <span class="token operator">--</span>save<span class="token operator">-</span>dev gltf<span class="token operator">-</span>loader<span class="token operator">-</span>ts <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> GltfLoader <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&#39;gltf-loader-ts&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> loader <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">GltfLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> uri <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&#39;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KhronosGroup/glTF-Sample-Models/master/2.0/BoxTextured/glTF/BoxTextured.gltf&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token literal-property property">asset</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Asset <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> loader<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>uri<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token literal-property property">gltf</span><span class="token operator">:</span> GlTf <span class="token operator">=</span> asset<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gltf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>gltf<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// -&gt; {asset: {…}, scene: 0, scenes: Array(1), nodes: Array(2), meshes: Array(1), …}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> asset<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accessorData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// fetches BoxTextured0.bin</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token literal-property property">image</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Image <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> asset<span class="token punctuation">.</span>imageData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// fetches CesiumLogoFlat.png</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h2 id="i-customize-ang-mga-nft-gamit-ang-mga-item-at-katangian-mga-patak-ng-ulan-na-bota" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-customize-ang-mga-nft-gamit-ang-mga-item-at-katangian-mga-patak-ng-ulan-na-bota" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-customize ang mga NFT gamit ang mga item at katangian (Mga patak ng ulan na bota)</h2><p>Gamit ang <a href="https://docs.raindrops.xyz/services/boots" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Raindrops Boots program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> maaari kang magkaroon ng adventure character na nagmamay-ari ng espada at helmet. Kapag ang Character NFT ay ibebenta sa isang pamilihan, ang iba pang mga NFT na pagmamay-ari nito ay ibebenta rin.</p><h2 id="paano-lumikha-ng-isang-koleksyon-ng-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-lumikha-ng-isang-koleksyon-ng-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano lumikha ng isang koleksyon ng NFT</h2><p>Karamihan sa mga NFT sa Solana ay sumusunod sa pamantayan ng Metaplex. Ang Metaplex ay isang kumpanyang nangangalaga sa pinaka ginagamit na pamantayan ng NFT sa Solana. Ang pinakakaraniwang paraan upang lumikha ng isang koleksyon ng NFT ay ang lumikha ng isang metaplex candy machine na nagbibigay-daan sa user na mag-mint ng mga pares ng metadata at mga imahe.</p><p><a href="https://docs.metaplex.com/programs/candy-machine/how-to-guides/my-first-candy-machine-part1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Metaplex Docs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/0KHv1dMV8zU" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mag-set up ng candy machine nang sunud-sunod<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="../references/nfts">NFTs</a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Using tokens in games on Solana"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Using tokens in games on Solana"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to use tokens in Solana games with an on-chain tutorial"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to use tokens in Solana games with an on-chain tutorial"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>How interact with tokens in programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/interact-with-tokens.html.3c85d257.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/interact-with-tokens.html.64318398.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/interact-with-tokens.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="paggamit-ng-mga-token-sa-mga-laro-sa-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paggamit-ng-mga-token-sa-mga-laro-sa-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paggamit ng mga token sa mga laro sa Solana</h1><p>Ang mga token sa Solana ay maaaring maghatid ng iba&#39;t ibang layunin, gaya ng mga in-game na reward, insentibo, o iba pang application. Halimbawa, maaari kang lumikha ng mga token at ipamahagi ang mga ito sa mga manlalaro kapag nakumpleto nila ang mga partikular na in-game na aksyon.</p><h2 id="lumikha-mint-at-mag-burn-ng-mga-token-gamit-ang-anchor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lumikha-mint-at-mag-burn-ng-mga-token-gamit-ang-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lumikha, Mint, at Mag-burn ng mga Token gamit ang Anchor</h2><p>Sa tutorial na ito, bubuo kami ng laro gamit ang Anchor para ipakilala ang mga pangunahing kaalaman sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa Token Program sa Solana. Ang laro ay bubuoin sa paligid ng apat na pangunahing aksyon: paggawa ng bagong token mint, pagsisimula ng mga account ng manlalaro, pagbibigay ng reward sa mga manlalaro sa pagkatalo sa mga kaaway, at pagpapahintulot sa mga manlalaro na gumaling sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog ng mga token.</p><p>Ang programa ay binubuo ng 4 na mga instruction:</p><ul><li><code>create_mint</code> - Lumilikha ang instruction na ito ng bagong token mint na may Program Derived Address (PDA) bilang awtoridad ng mint at gumagawa ng metadata account para sa mint. Magdaragdag kami ng isang hadlang na nagbibigay-daan lamang sa isang &quot;admin&quot; na gamitin ang instruction na ito</li><li><code>init_player</code> - Ang instruction na ito ay nagpapasimula ng bagong player account na may panimulang kalusugan na 100</li><li><code>kill_enemy</code> - Ibinabawas ng instruction na ito ang 10 health point mula sa player account kapag &quot;natalo ang isang kaaway&quot; at nagbibigay ng 1 token bilang reward para sa player</li><li><code>heal</code> - Ang pagtuturo na ito ay nagbibigay-daan sa isang manlalaro na magsunog ng 1 token upang maibalik ang kanilang kalusugan sa 100</li></ul><p>Para sa isang mataas na antas na pangkalahatang-ideya ng ugnayan ng mga wallet ng user, token mints, token account, at token metadata account, isaalang-alang ang pag-explore sa bahaging ito ng [dokumentasyon ng Metaplex](https://docs.metaplex.com/programs/token-metadata /pangkalahatang-ideya).</p><h3 id="pagsisimula" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsisimula" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsisimula</h3><p>Upang simulan ang pagbuo ng programa, sundin ang mga hakbang na ito:</p><p>Bisitahin ang <a href="https://beta.solpg.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at gumawa ng bagong Anchor project. Kung bago ka sa Solana Playground, kakailanganin mo ring gumawa ng Playground Wallet.</p><p>Pagkatapos gumawa ng bagong proyekto, palitan ang default na starter code ng code sa ibaba:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_spl<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">associated_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">metadata<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>create_metadata_accounts_v3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CreateMetadataAccountsV3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>burn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Burn</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">mpl_token_metadata<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">pda<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>find_metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataV2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p>Dito ay dinadala lamang namin sa saklaw ang mga crates at kaukulang mga module na aming gagamitin para sa program na ito. Gagamitin namin ang <code>anchor_spl</code> at <code>mpl_token_metadata</code> crates upang matulungan kaming makipag-ugnayan sa Token program at sa Token Metadata program.</p><h3 id="lumikha-ng-pagtuturo-ng-mint" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lumikha-ng-pagtuturo-ng-mint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lumikha ng pagtuturo ng Mint</h3><p>Una, ipatupad natin ang isang instruction para gumawa ng bagong token mint at ang metadata account nito. Ang on-chain token metadata, kasama ang pangalan, simbolo, at URI, ay ibibigay bilang mga parameter sa pagtuturo.</p><p>Bukod pa rito, papayagan lang namin ang isang &quot;admin&quot; na gamitin ang instruction na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagtukoy ng <code>ADMIN_PUBKEY</code> na pare-pareho at paggamit nito bilang isang hadlang. Tiyaking palitan ang <code>ADMIN_PUBKEY</code> ng iyong Solana Playground wallet na pampublikong key.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>create_mint</code> ay nangangailangan ng mga sumusunod na account:</p><ul><li><code>admin</code> - ang <code>ADMIN_PUBKEY</code> na pumipirma sa transaksyon at nagbabayad para sa pagsisimula ng mga account</li><li><code>reward_token_mint</code> - ang bagong token mint na sinisimulan namin, gamit ang isang PDA bilang parehong address ng mint account at awtoridad nito sa mint</li><li><code>metadata_account</code> - ang metadata account na sinisimulan namin para sa token mint</li><li><code>token_program</code> - kinakailangan para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga instruction sa Token program</li><li><code>token_metadata_program</code> - kinakailangang account para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga instruction sa Token Metadata program</li><li><code>system_program</code>- isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng bagong account</li><li><code>rent</code> - Sysvar Rent, isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng metadata account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// Only this public key can call this instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ADMIN_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_WALLET_PUBKEY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new token mint with PDA as mint authority</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreateMint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// PDA seeds and bump to &quot;sign&quot; for CPI</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bumps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;reward_token_mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// On-chain token metadata for the mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_v2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">DataV2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">:</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">:</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creators<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> collection<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uses<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_signer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_metadata_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CreateMetadataAccountsV3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> metadata<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the metadata account being created</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the mint account of the metadata account</span> mint_authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the mint authority of the mint account</span> update_authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the update authority of the metadata account</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>admin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the payer for creating the metadata account</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the system program account</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the rent sysvar account</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">create_metadata_accounts_v3</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// cpi context</span> data_v2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token metadata</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// is_mutable</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// update_authority_is_signer</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// collection details</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreateMint</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, address = ADMIN_PUBKEY )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> admin<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// The PDA is both the address of the mint account and the mint authority</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> admin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">mint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>decimals <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">mint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">///CHECK: Using &quot;address&quot; constraint to validate metadata account address</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, address=find_metadata_account(&amp;reward_token_mint.key()).0 )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_metadata_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Metadata</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><p>Ang instruction na <code>create_mint</code> ay lumilikha ng bagong token mint, gamit ang Program Derived Address (PDA) bilang parehong address ng token mint at ang awtoridad ng mint nito. Ang pagtuturo ay kumukuha ng URI (off-chain metadata), pangalan, at simbolo bilang mga parameter.</p><p>Ang instruction na ito ay gagawa ng metadata account para sa token mint sa pamamagitan ng Cross-Program Invocation (CPI) na tumatawag sa <code>create_metadata_accounts_v3</code> na pagtuturo mula sa Token Metadata program.</p><p>Ginagamit ang PDA para &quot;pirmahan&quot; ang CPI dahil ito ang awtoridad ng mint, na kinakailangang lumagda kapag gumagawa ng metadata account para sa isang mint. Ang data ng pagtuturo (URI, pangalan, simbolo) ay kasama sa <code>DataV2</code> struct upang tukuyin ang metadata ng bagong token mint.</p><p>Bini-verify din namin na ang address ng <code>admin</code> account na pumipirma sa transaksyon ay tumutugma sa halaga ng <code>ADMIN_PUBKEY</code> na pare-pareho upang matiyak na ang nilalayong wallet lang ang makakapag-invoke ng instruction na ito.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ADMIN_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_WALLET_PUBKEY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="init-player-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#init-player-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Init Player Instruction</h3><p>Susunod, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>init_player</code> na lumilikha ng bagong account ng manlalaro na may paunang kalusugan na 100. Ang pare-parehong <code>MAX_HEALTH</code> ay nakatakda sa 100 upang kumatawan sa panimulang kalusugan.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>init_player</code> ay nangangailangan ng mga sumusunod na account:</p><ul><li><code>player_data</code> - ang bagong account ng manlalaro na aming sinisimulan, na mag-iimbak ng kalusugan ng manlalaro</li><li><code>player</code> - ang user na pumirma sa transaksyon at nagbabayad para sa pagsisimula ng account</li><li><code>system_program</code> - isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng bagong account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// Player max health</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new player account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">init_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> player<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PlayerData</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> health<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br></div></div><p>Sinisimulan ang <code>player_data</code> account gamit ang Program Derived Address (PDA) na may public key na <code>player</code> bilang isa sa mga seed. Tinitiyak nito na ang bawat <code>player_data</code> account ay natatangi at nauugnay sa <code>player</code>, na nagpapahintulot sa bawat manlalaro na lumikha ng kanilang sariling <code>player_data</code> account.</p><h3 id="instruksyon-ng-patayin-ang-kaaway" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#instruksyon-ng-patayin-ang-kaaway" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Instruksyon ng Patayin ang Kaaway</h3><p>Susunod, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>kill_enemy</code> na nagbabawas ng 10 sa kalusugan ng manlalaro at nagbibigay ng 1 token sa token account ng manlalaro bilang reward.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>kill_enemy</code> ay nangangailangan ng mga sumusunod na account:</p><ul><li><code>player</code> - ang player na tumatanggap ng token</li><li><code>player_data</code> - ang player data account na nag-iimbak ng kasalukuyang kalusugan ng player</li><li><code>player_token_account</code> - ang nauugnay na token account ng manlalaro kung saan gagawa ng mga token</li><li><code>reward_token_mint</code> - ang token mint account, na tumutukoy sa uri ng token na ilalagay</li><li><code>token_program</code> - kinakailangan para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga instruction sa token program</li><li><code>associated_token_program</code> - kinakailangan kapag nagtatrabaho sa mga nauugnay na token account</li><li><code>system_program</code> - isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng bagong account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint token to player token account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">kill_enemy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">KillEnemy</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Check if player has enough health</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NotEnoughHealth</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Subtract 10 health from player</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// PDA seeds and bump to &quot;sign&quot; for CPI</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bumps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;reward_token_mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_signer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintTo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint 1 token, accounting for decimals of mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_mul</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10u64</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">mint_to</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">KillEnemy</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Initialize player token account if it doesn&#39;t exist</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( init_if_needed, payer = player, associated_token::mint = reward_token_mint, associated_token::authority = player )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> associated_token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Not enough health&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NotEnoughHealth</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><p>Ang kalusugan ng manlalaro ay nabawasan ng 10 upang kumatawan sa &quot;labanan sa kalaban&quot;. Susuriin din namin ang kasalukuyang kalusugan ng player at magbabalik ng custom na Anchor error kung ang player ay may 0 health.</p><p>Ang pagtuturo pagkatapos ay gumagamit ng cross-program invocation (CPI) para tawagan ang <code>mint_to</code> na pagtuturo mula sa Token program at mag-mint ng 1 token ng <code>reward_token_mint</code> sa <code>player_token_account</code> bilang reward sa pagpatay sa kaaway.</p><p>Dahil ang awtoridad ng mint para sa token mint ay Program Derived Address (PDA), maaari kaming direktang mag-mint ng mga token sa pamamagitan ng pagtawag sa instruction na ito nang walang karagdagang pumirma. Ang programa ay maaaring &quot;mag-sign&quot; sa ngalan ng PDA, na nagpapahintulot sa token minting nang hindi tahasang nangangailangan ng mga karagdagang pumirma.</p><h3 id="heal-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#heal-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Heal Instruction</h3><p>Susunod, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>heal</code> na nagbibigay-daan sa isang manlalaro na magsunog ng 1 token at ibalik ang kanilang kalusugan sa pinakamataas na halaga nito.</p><p>Ang pagtuturo ng <code>heal</code> ay nangangailangan ng mga sumusunod na account:</p><ul><li><code>player</code> - ang player na nagsasagawa ng healing action</li><li><code>player_data</code> - ang player data account na nag-iimbak ng kasalukuyang kalusugan ng player</li><li><code>player_token_account</code> - ang nauugnay na token account ng manlalaro kung saan susunugin ang mga token</li><li><code>reward_token_mint</code> - ang token mint account, na tumutukoy sa uri ng token na susunugin</li><li><code>token_program</code> - kinakailangan para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga instruction sa token program</li><li><code>associated_token_program</code> - kinakailangan kapag nagtatrabaho sa mga nauugnay na token account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Burn token to health player</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">heal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Heal</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Burn</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> from<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Burn 1 token, accounting for decimals of mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_mul</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10u64</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">burn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Heal</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, associated_token::mint = reward_token_mint, associated_token::authority = player )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> associated_token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><p>Ang kalusugan ng manlalaro ay ibinalik sa pinakamataas na halaga nito gamit ang <code>heal</code> na pagtuturo. Ang pagtuturo ay gumagamit ng cross-program invocation (CPI) para tawagan ang <code>burn</code> na pagtuturo mula sa Token program, na nagsusunog ng 1 token mula sa <code>player_token_account</code> upang pagalingin ang player.</p><h3 id="bumuo-at-i-deploy" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bumuo-at-i-deploy" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bumuo at I-deploy</h3><p>Mahusay na trabaho! Nakumpleto mo na ngayon ang programa! Sige at buuin at i-deploy ito gamit ang Solana Playground. Ang iyong huling programa ay dapat magmukhang ganito:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_spl<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">associated_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">metadata<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>create_metadata_accounts_v3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CreateMetadataAccountsV3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>burn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Burn</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">mpl_token_metadata<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">pda<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>find_metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataV2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;CCLnXJAJYFjCHLCugpBCEQKrpiSApiRM4UxkBUHJRrv4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ADMIN_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_WALLET_PUBKEY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">anchor_token</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new token mint with PDA as mint authority</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreateMint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// PDA seeds and bump to &quot;sign&quot; for CPI</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bumps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;reward_token_mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// On-chain token metadata for the mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_v2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">DataV2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">:</span> symbol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">:</span> uri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creators<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> collection<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uses<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_signer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_metadata_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CreateMetadataAccountsV3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> metadata<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the metadata account being created</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the mint account of the metadata account</span> mint_authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the mint authority of the mint account</span> update_authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the update authority of the metadata account</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>admin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the payer for creating the metadata account</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the system program account</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// the rent sysvar account</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">create_metadata_accounts_v3</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// cpi context</span> data_v2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token metadata</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// is_mutable</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// update_authority_is_signer</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// collection details</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new player account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">init_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint tokens to player token account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">kill_enemy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">KillEnemy</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Check if player has enough health</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NotEnoughHealth</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Subtract 10 health from player</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// PDA seeds and bump to &quot;sign&quot; for CPI</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bumps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;reward_token_mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_signer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintTo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint 1 token, accounting for decimals of mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_mul</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10u64</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">mint_to</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Burn Token to health player</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">heal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Heal</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// CPI Context</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Burn</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> from<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Burn 1 token, accounting for decimals of mint</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_mul</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10u64</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">burn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreateMint</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, address = ADMIN_PUBKEY )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> admin<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// The PDA is both the address of the mint account and the mint authority</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> admin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">mint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>decimals <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">mint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">///CHECK: Using &quot;address&quot; constraint to validate metadata account address</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, address=find_metadata_account(&amp;reward_token_mint.key()).0 )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> metadata_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_metadata_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Metadata</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> player<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">KillEnemy</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Initialize player token account if it doesn&#39;t exist</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( init_if_needed, payer = player, associated_token::mint = reward_token_mint, associated_token::authority = player )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> associated_token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Heal</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account( mut, associated_token::mint = reward_token_mint, associated_token::authority = player )]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player_token_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> reward_token_mint<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Token</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> associated_token_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AssociatedToken</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PlayerData</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> health<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Not enough health&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NotEnoughHealth</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br></div></div><h3 id="magsimula-sa-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magsimula-sa-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magsimula sa Kliyente</h3><p>Sa seksyong ito, gagabayan ka namin sa isang simpleng pagpapatupad sa panig ng kliyente para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa programa. Upang makapagsimula, mag-navigate sa <code>client.ts</code> na file sa Solana Playground, alisin ang placeholder code, at idagdag ang mga snippet ng code mula sa mga sumusunod na seksyon.</p><p>Magsimula sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng sumusunod na code para sa setup.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddressSync <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// metaplex token metadata program ID</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// metaplex setup</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// token metadata</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">uri</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-developers/program-examples/new-examples/tokens/tokens/.assets/spl-token.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Solana Gold&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">symbol</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GOLDSOL&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// reward token mint PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// player data account PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// reward token mint metadata account address</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rewardTokenMintMetadataPDA <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pdas</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">mint</span><span class="token operator">:</span> rewardTokenMintPda <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// player token account address</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> playerTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br></div></div><p>Susunod, idagdag ang sumusunod na dalawang function ng helper. Gagamitin ang mga function na ito upang kumpirmahin ang mga transaksyon at kunin ang data ng account.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">logTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">txHash</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">signature</span><span class="token operator">:</span> txHash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">fetchAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>playerBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> playerData<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>playerTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Token Balance: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> playerBalance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uiAmount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Health: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> playerData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><p>Susunod, gamitin ang instruction na <code>createMint</code> para gumawa ng bagong token mint kung wala pa ito.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txHash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint Already Exists&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadata<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadata<span class="token punctuation">.</span>symbol<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">rewardTokenMint</span><span class="token operator">:</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">metadataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> rewardTokenMintMetadataPDA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">tokenMetadataProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">logTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Token Mint: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p>Susunod, tawagan ang instruction na <code>initPlayer</code> para gumawa ng bagong player account kung wala pa.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> playerData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Already Exists&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Health: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> playerData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initPlayer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">playerData</span><span class="token operator">:</span> playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">player</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">logTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Account Created&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p>Next, invoke the <code>killEnemy</code> instruction.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">killEnemy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">playerData</span><span class="token operator">:</span> playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">playerTokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> playerTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">rewardTokenMint</span><span class="token operator">:</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">logTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Enemy Defeated&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetchAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>Next, invoke the <code>heal</code> instruction.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">heal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">playerData</span><span class="token operator">:</span> playerPDA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">playerTokenAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> playerTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">rewardTokenMint</span><span class="token operator">:</span> rewardTokenMintPda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">logTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player Healed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetchAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>Panghuli, patakbuhin ang kliyente sa pamamagitan ng pag-click sa pindutang &quot;Run&quot; sa Solana Playground. Maaari mong kopyahin ang address ng Token Mint na naka-print sa console at i-verify sa Solana Explorer na ang token ay mayroon na ngayong metadata. Ang output ay dapat na katulad ng sumusunod:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Running client... client.ts: Use &#39;solana confirm -v 3AWnpt2Wy6jQckue4QeKsgDNKhKkhpewPmRtxvJpzxGgvK9XK9KEpTiUzAQ5vSC6CUoUjc6xWZCtrihVrFy8sACC&#39; to see the logs Token Mint: 3eS7hdyeVX5g8JGhn3Z7qFXJaewoJ8hzgvubovQsPm4S Use &#39;solana confirm -v 63jbBr5U4LG75TiiHfz65q7yKJfHDhGP2ocCiDat5M2k4cWtUMAx9sHvxhnEguLDKXMbDUQKUt1nhvyQkXoDhxst&#39; to see the logs Player Account Created Use &#39;solana confirm -v 2ziK41WLoxfEHvtUgc5c1SyKCAr5FvAS54ARBJrjqh9GDwzYqu7qWCwHJCgMZyFEVovYK5nUZhDRHPTMrTjq1Mm6&#39; to see the logs Enemy Defeated Player Token Balance: 1 Player Health: 90 Use &#39;solana confirm -v 2QoAH22Q3xXz9t2TYRycQMqpEmauaRvmUfZ7ZNKUEoUyHWqpjW972VD3eZyeJrXsviaiCC3g6TE54oKmKbFQf2Q7&#39; to see the logs Player Healed Player Token Balance: 0 Player Health: 100 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Storing SOL in a PDA"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Storing SOL in a PDA"><meta name="description" content="Using PDAs, you can reward SOL to players playing your game. Learn how to reward SOL from a PDA when players find chests in this game."><meta name="og:description" content="Using PDAs, you can reward SOL to players playing your game. Learn how to reward SOL from a PDA when players find chests in this game."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Storing SOL in a PDA | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/store-sol-in-pda.html.4ff617de.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/store-sol-in-pda.html.11610e9c.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/store-sol-in-pda.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pag-iimbak-ng-sol-sa-mga-pda-para-sa-mga-gantimpala-sa-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-iimbak-ng-sol-sa-mga-pda-para-sa-mga-gantimpala-sa-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-iimbak ng SOL sa mga PDA para sa Mga Gantimpala sa Laro</h1><p>Walkthrough ng Video:</p><div class="video-block"><iframe width="320" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gILXyWvXu7M" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></div><p>Live na Bersyon. (gamitin ang devnet)</p><iframe height="400" scrolling="no" title="OZXQWp" src="https://solplay.de/TinyAdventureTwo/index.html" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" style="width:80%;"> </iframe><h2 id="tiny-adventure-anchor-program-ikalawang-bahagi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tiny-adventure-anchor-program-ikalawang-bahagi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Tiny Adventure Anchor Program - Ikalawang Bahagi</h2><p>Sa tutorial na ito, bubuuin namin ang larong Tiny Adventure at magpapakilala ng chest na may reward na 0.1 SOL. Ang dibdib ay &quot;spawn&quot; sa isang partikular na posisyon, at kapag naabot ng manlalaro ang posisyon na iyon, makakatanggap sila ng gantimpala. Ang layunin ng programang ito ay ipakita kung paano mag-imbak ng SOL sa loob ng isang account ng programa at ipamahagi ito sa mga manlalaro.</p><p>Ang Tiny Adventure Two Program ay binubuo ng 3 instruction:</p><ul><li><code>initialize_level_one</code> - Ang instruction na ito ay nagpapasimula ng dalawang on-chain na account: isa para sa pag-record ng posisyon ng player at isa pa para sa paghawak ng SOL reward na kumakatawan sa &quot;reward chest&quot;.</li><li><code>reset_level_and_spawn_chest</code> - Nire-reset ng instruction na ito ang posisyon ng player sa zero at &quot;re-respawn&quot; ang isang reward chest sa pamamagitan ng paglilipat ng SOL mula sa user na gumagamit ng instruction sa reward chest account.</li><li><code>move_right</code> - Ang pagtuturo na ito ay nagbibigay-daan sa manlalaro na ilipat ang kanilang posisyon sa kanan at kolektahin ang SOL sa reward chest kapag naabot na nila ang isang partikular na posisyon.</li></ul><p>Sa mga sumusunod na seksyon, gagabayan ka namin sa pagbuo ng programa nang sunud-sunod. Mahahanap mo ang kumpletong source code, na maaaring direktang i-deploy mula sa iyong browser gamit ang Solana Playground, sa link na ito: <a href="https://beta.solpg.io/tutorials/tiny-adventure-two" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Open In Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h3 id="nagsisimula" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nagsisimula" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nagsisimula</h3><p>Upang simulan ang pagbuo ng larong Tiny Adventure, sundin ang mga hakbang na ito:</p><p>Bisitahin ang <a href="https://beta.solpg.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at gumawa ng bagong Anchor project. Kung bago ka sa Solana Playground, kakailanganin mo ring gumawa ng Playground Wallet.</p><p>Pagkatapos gumawa ng bagong proyekto, palitan ang default na starter code ng code sa ibaba:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.........💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..o.......💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o.....💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;........\\o/💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><p>Sa larong ito, magsisimula ang manlalaro sa posisyon 0 at makakagalaw lamang sa kanan. Upang mailarawan ang pag-unlad ng manlalaro sa buong laro, gagamit kami ng mga log ng mensahe upang kumatawan sa kanilang paglalakbay patungo sa reward chest!</p><h3 id="pagtukoy-sa-chest-vault-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtukoy-sa-chest-vault-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtukoy sa Chest Vault Account</h3><p>Idagdag ang <code>CHEST_REWARD</code> na pare-pareho sa simula ng programa. Ang <code>CHEST_REWARD</code> ay kumakatawan sa dami ng lamports na ilalagay sa chest at ibibigay bilang mga reward. Ang mga Lampor ay ang pinakamaliit na bahagi ng isang SOL, na may 1 bilyong lampor na katumbas ng 1 SOL.</p><p>Para mag-imbak ng SOL reward, tutukuyin namin ang isang bagong <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> struct. Isa itong walang laman na struct dahil direkta nating ia-update ang mga lamports sa account. Hahawakan ng account ang gantimpala ng SOL at hindi na kailangang mag-imbak ng anumang karagdagang data.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// The amount of lamports that will be put into chests and given out as rewards.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Define the Chest Vault Account structure</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h3 id="pagtukoy-sa-game-data-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtukoy-sa-game-data-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtukoy sa Game Data Account</h3><p>Upang masubaybayan ang posisyon ng manlalaro sa loob ng laro, kailangan nating tukuyin ang isang istraktura para sa on-chain na account na mag-iimbak ng posisyon ng manlalaro.</p><p>Ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> struct ay naglalaman ng isang field, <code>player_position</code>, na nag-iimbak ng kasalukuyang posisyon ng player bilang isang unsigned 8-bit integer.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Define the Game Data Account structure</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">GameDataAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><p>Sa tinukoy na <code>GameDataAccount</code> struct, maaari mo na itong gamitin upang mag-imbak at mag-update ng posisyon ng player habang nakikipag-ugnayan sila sa laro. Habang ang manlalaro ay gumagalaw nang pakanan at sumusulong sa laro, ang kanilang posisyon ay ia-update sa loob ng <code>GameDataAccount</code>, na magbibigay-daan sa iyong subaybayan ang kanyang pag-usad patungo sa dibdib na naglalaman ng SOL reward.</p><h3 id="simulan-ang-level-one-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#simulan-ang-level-one-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Simulan ang Level One Instruction</h3><p>Sa tinukoy na <code>GameDataAccount</code> at <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>initialize_level_one</code>. Sinisimulan ng instruction na ito ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> at <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>, itinatakda ang posisyon ng manlalaro sa 0, at ipinapakita ang panimulang mensahe.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>initialize_level_one</code> ay nangangailangan ng 4 na account:</p><ul><li><code>new_game_data_account</code> - ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> na sinisimulan nating iimbak ang posisyon ng player</li><li><code>chest_vault</code> - ang <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> na sinisimulan nating iimbak ang SOL reward</li><li><code>signer</code> - ang manlalaro na nagbabayad para sa pagsisimula ng mga account</li><li><code>system_program</code> - isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng bagong account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_level_one</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeLevelOne</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the accounts required by the initialize_level_one instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeLevelOne</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><p>Parehong ginawa ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> at <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> gamit ang Program Derived Address (PDA) bilang address ng account, na nagbibigay-daan sa amin na tiyak na mahanap ang address sa ibang pagkakataon. Tinitiyak ng hadlang na <code>init_if_needed</code> na ang mga account ay sinisimulan lamang kung wala pa ang mga ito. Dahil ang mga PDA para sa parehong mga account sa pagtuturo na ito ay gumagamit ng isang nakapirming binhi, ang aming programa ay maaari lamang lumikha ng isa sa bawat uri ng account. Sa katunayan, ang pagtuturo ay kakailanganin lamang na gamitin nang isang beses.</p><p>Kapansin-pansin na ang kasalukuyang pagpapatupad ay walang anumang mga paghihigpit sa kung sino ang maaaring baguhin ang <code>GameDataAccount</code>, na epektibong ginagawang isang multiplayer na karanasan ang laro kung saan makokontrol ng lahat ang paggalaw ng manlalaro.</p><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari mong gamitin ang address ng lumagda bilang isang karagdagang binhi sa pagtuturo na <code>pasimulan</code>, na nagpapahintulot sa bawat manlalaro na lumikha ng kanilang sariling <code>GameDataAccount</code>.</p><h3 id="i-reset-ang-antas-at-pagtuturo-sa-dibdib-ng-spawn" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-reset-ang-antas-at-pagtuturo-sa-dibdib-ng-spawn" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-reset ang Antas at Pagtuturo sa Dibdib ng Spawn</h3><p>Susunod, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>reset_level_and_spawn_chest</code>, na nagre-reset sa posisyon ng player sa simula at pinupuno ang dibdib ng reward na 0.1 SOL.</p><p>Ang pagtuturo sa <code>reset_level_and_spawn_chest</code> ay nangangailangan ng 4 na account:</p><ul><li><code>new_game_data_account</code> - ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> na nag-iimbak ng posisyon ng player</li><li><code>chest_vault</code> - ang <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> na nag-iimbak ng SOL reward</li><li><code>signer</code> - ang player na nagbibigay ng SOL reward para sa chest</li><li><code>system_program</code> - ang program na ipapatawag namin upang ilipat ang SOL gamit ang isang cross-program invocation (CPI), higit pa dito sa ilang sandali</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">reset_level_and_spawn_chest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">SpawnChest</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transfer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> from<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Level Reset and Chest Spawned at position 3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the accounts required by the reset_level_and_spawn_chest instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">SpawnChest</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><p>Kasama sa instruction na ito ang cross-program invocation (CPI) para ilipat ang SOL mula sa nagbabayad patungo sa <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>. Ang cross-program invocation ay kapag ang isang programa ay nag-invoke ng pagtuturo sa isa pang programa. Sa kasong ito, gumagamit kami ng CPI para i-invoke ang instruction na <code>Transfer</code> mula sa <code>system_program</code> para ilipat ang SOL mula sa nagbabayad patungo sa <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>.</p><p>Ang mga cross-program invocations ay isang pangunahing konsepto sa Solana programming model, na nagbibigay-daan sa mga program na direktang makipag-ugnayan sa mga instruction mula sa iba pang mga program. Para sa mas malalim na pagsisid sa mga CPI, huwag mag-atubiling tuklasin ang mga aralin sa CPI na available sa <a href="https://www.soldev.app/course" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Course<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h3 id="pagtuturo-sa-pakanan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtuturo-sa-pakanan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtuturo sa Pakanan</h3><p>Panghuli, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>move_right</code> na kinabibilangan ng logic para sa pagkolekta ng chest reward. Kapag naabot ng isang manlalaro ang posisyon 3 at naipasok ang tamang &quot;password&quot;, ililipat ang reward mula sa <strong><code>ChestVaultAccount</code></strong> papunta sa account ng manlalaro. Kung ang isang maling password ay ipinasok, isang custom na Anchor Error ay ibabalik. Kung ang manlalaro ay nasa posisyon 3 na, isang mensahe ang mai-log. Kung hindi, ang posisyon ay dagdagan ng 1 upang kumatawan sa paglipat sa kanan.</p><p>Ang pangunahing layunin ng functionality na &quot;password&quot; na ito ay upang ipakita kung paano isama ang mga parameter sa isang pagtuturo at ang pagpapatupad ng mga custom na Anchor Error para sa pinahusay na paghawak ng error. Sa halimbawang ito, ang tamang password ay magiging &quot;gib&quot;.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>move_right</code> ay nangangailangan ng 3 account:</p><ul><li><code>new_game_data_account</code> - ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> na nag-iimbak ng posisyon ng player</li><li><code>chest_vault</code> - ang <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> na nag-iimbak ng SOL reward</li><li><code>player_wallet</code> - ang wallet ng player na humihiling ng pagtuturo at ang potensyal na tatanggap ng SOL reward</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction to move right</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_right</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> password <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;gib&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">WrongPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;You made it! Here is your reward {0} lamports&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ctx <span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts <span class="token punctuation">.</span>chest_vault <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ctx <span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts <span class="token punctuation">.</span>player <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the accounts required by the move_right instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Custom Anchor Error</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Password was wrong&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">WrongPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><p>Upang ilipat ang mga lampor mula sa reward chest papunta sa player account, hindi kami maaaring gumamit ng Cross-Program Invocation (CPI) tulad ng ginawa namin dati, dahil ang <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> ay hindi pagmamay-ari ng system program. Sa halip, direkta nating binabago ang mga lamport sa loob ng mga account sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng <code>try_borrow_mut_laports</code>. Tandaan na ang account na iyong ibinabawas sa mga laport ay dapat na isang signer, at palaging tinitiyak ng runtime na ang kabuuang balanse ng account ay mananatiling pantay pagkatapos ng isang transaksyon.</p><p>Tandaan na ang Program Derived Accounts (PDAs) ay nag-aalok ng dalawang pangunahing feature:</p><ol><li>Magbigay ng isang tiyak na paraan upang mahanap ang address ng isang account</li><li>Payagan ang programa kung saan nagmula ang isang PDA na &quot;mag-sign&quot; para sa kanila</li></ol><p>Ito ang dahilan kung bakit namin nagagawang ibawas ang mga lampor mula sa <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> nang hindi tahasang nangangailangan ng dagdag na pumirma para sa pagtuturo.</p><h3 id="bumuo-at-i-deploy" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bumuo-at-i-deploy" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bumuo at I-deploy</h3><p>Mahusay na trabaho! Nakumpleto mo na ngayon ang ikalawang bahagi ng programang Tiny Adventure! Ang iyong huling programa ay dapat magmukhang ganito:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is your program&#39;s public key and it will update</span> <span class="token comment">// automatically when you build the project.</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;7gZTdZg86YsYbs92Rhv63kZUAkoww1kLexJg8sNpgVQ3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure_two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// The amount of lamports that will be put into chests and given out as rewards.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_level_one</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeLevelOne</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Usually in your production code you would not print lots of text because it cost compute units.</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">reset_level_and_spawn_chest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">SpawnChest</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> cpi_context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">CpiContext</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transfer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> from<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cpi_context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Level Reset and Chest Spawned at position 3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_right</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> password <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;gib&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">WrongPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;You made it! Here is your reward {0} lamports&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ctx <span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts <span class="token punctuation">.</span>chest_vault <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ctx <span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts <span class="token punctuation">.</span>player <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token constant">CHEST_REWARD</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.........💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..o.......💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o.....💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;........\\o/💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeLevelOne</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Dapat nating tukuyin ang espasyo upang makapagsimula ng account.</span> <span class="token comment">// Ang unang 8 byte ay default na discriminator ng account,</span> <span class="token comment">// ang susunod na 1 byte ay mula sa NewAccount.data na uri u8.</span> <span class="token comment">// (u8 = 8 bits unsigned integer = 8 bytes)</span> <span class="token comment">// Maaari mo ring gamitin ang lumagda bilang seed [signer.key().as_ref()],</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Ito ang PDA kung saan idedeposito natin ang reward na SOL at</span> <span class="token comment">// mula sa kung saan ipinadala namin ito pabalik sa unang manlalaro na umabot sa dibdib.</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">SpawnChest</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> chest_vault<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">GameDataAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ChestVaultAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Password was wrong&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">WrongPassword</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br></div></div><p>Ngayong kumpleto na ang programa, buuin at i-deploy natin ito gamit ang Solana Playground!</p><p>Kung bago ka sa Solana Playground, magsimula sa paggawa ng Playground Wallet at tiyaking nakakonekta ka sa isang Devnet endpoint. Susunod, patakbuhin <code>solana airdrop 2</code> hanggang magkaroon ka ng 6 na SOL. Kapag mayroon kang sapat na SOL, buuin at i-deploy ang programa.</p><h3 id="magsimula-sa-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magsimula-sa-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magsimula sa Kliyente</h3><p>Sa seksyong ito, tatalakayin natin ang isang simpleng pagpapatupad sa panig ng kliyente para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa laro. Sisirain namin ang code at magbibigay ng mga detalyadong paliwanag para sa bawat hakbang. Upang makapagsimula, mag-navigate sa <code>client.ts</code> na file sa Solana Playground, alisin ang placeholder code, at idagdag ang mga snippet ng code mula sa mga sumusunod na seksyon.</p><p>Una, kunin natin ang mga PDA (Program Derived Addresses) para sa <code>GameDataAccount</code> at <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>. Ang PDA ay isang natatanging address sa format ng isang pampublikong susi, na hinango gamit ang ID ng programa at mga karagdagang binhi.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// The PDA adress everyone will be able to control the character if the interact with your program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">//[pg.wallet.publicKey.toBuffer()], &lt;- You could also add the player wallet as a seed, then you would have one instance per player. Need to also change the seed in the rust part</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is where the program will save the sol reward for the chests and from which the reward will be payed out again</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>chestVaultAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> chestBump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;chestVault&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><p>Susunod, tatawagin namin ang instruction na <code>initializeLevelOne</code> para i-set up ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> at <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// Initialize level</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initializeLevelOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">chestVault</span><span class="token operator">:</span> chestVaultAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">newGameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">signer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">systemProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">My balance before spawning a chest: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>balance <span class="token operator">/</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>Pagkatapos nito, gagamitin namin ang instruction na <code>resetLevelAndSpawnChest</code> para itakda ang posisyon ng player sa 0 at punan ang <code>ChestVaultAccount</code> ng 0.1 SOL.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// Set the player position back to 0 and pay to fill up the chest with sol</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resetLevelAndSpawnChest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">chestVault</span><span class="token operator">:</span> chestVaultAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">gameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">payer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">systemProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Level reset and chest spawned 💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o........💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p>Ngayon ay maaari na tayong makipag-ugnayan sa laro sa pamamagitan ng pagtawag sa <code>moveRight</code> na pagtuturo. Sa halimbawang ito, uulitin namin ang instruction na ito hanggang sa maabot ng manlalaro ang posisyon upang mangolekta ng reward mula sa <code>ChestVaultAccount</code>.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code> <span class="token comment">// Here we move to the right three times and collect the chest at the end of the level</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">moveRight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;gib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">chestVault</span><span class="token operator">:</span> chestVaultAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">gameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">player</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">My balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>balance <span class="token operator">/</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> gameDateAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player position is:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> gameDateAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerPosition<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">switch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameDateAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerPosition<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A journey begins...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o........💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o....💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;......o..💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.........\\o/💎&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;...........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br></div></div><p>Panghuli, pindutin ang &quot;Run&quot; na buton sa Solana Playground para i-execute ang client. Kapag nag-input ka ng kahit ano maliban sa &quot;gib&quot; bilang password para sa <strong><code>moveRight</code></strong> na pagtuturo, dapat mong makita ang sumusunod na mensahe ng error kapag naabot mo ang posisyon upang i-claim ang chest reward:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Error Code: WrongPassword. Error Number: 6000. Error Message: Password was wrong. </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Gayunpaman, kung ipinasok mo ang tamang password, ang output ay dapat maging katulad ng sumusunod:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Running client... client.ts: Use &#39;solana confirm -v CX8VWV5Jp1kXDkZrTdeeyibgZg3B3cXAzchzCfNHvJoqARSGHeEU5injypxFwiKFcHPcWFG9BeNSrqZAdENtL2t&#39; to see the logs My balance before spawning a chest: 6.396630254 SOL Use &#39;solana confirm -v 3HwAS1RK7beL3mGoNdFYWteJXF3NdJXiEskJrHtuJ6Tu9ow67Zo3yScQBEPQyish33hP8WyuVanmq93wEFJ2LQcx&#39; to see the logs Level reset and chest spawned 💎 o........💎 Use &#39;solana confirm -v 43KnGrx5VQYd8LctsNaNqN1hg69vE6wiiTbdxTC1uM3Hasnq7ZdM9zWx4JS39AKNz2FpQr9a3ZnEA7XscEzmXQ5U&#39; to see the logs My balance: 6.296620254 SOL Player position is: 1 ....o....💎 Use &#39;solana confirm -v AGxYWDw49d4y5dLon5M42eu1qG8g2Yf7FeTr3Dpbf1uFXnMeUzp4XWmHyQP1YRNpT8acz4aTJU9f2FQpL6BSAkY&#39; to see the logs My balance: 6.296615254 SOL Player position is: 2 ......o..💎 Use &#39;solana confirm -v 5pjAU5NrS4u91QLWZTvo9aXBtR3c6g981UGSxrWDoDW5MehXnx5LnAxu4jKLp1p75RKpVSgMBgg2zHX3WDyci7AK&#39; to see the logs My balance: 6.396610254 SOL Player position is: 3 .........\o/💎 ...........\o/ </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><p>Magaling! Matagumpay kang nakagawa, na-deploy, at nakipag-ugnayan sa Tiny Adventure Two mula sa panig ng kliyente. Nagsama ka ng bagong feature na nagbibigay-daan sa mga manlalaro na mangolekta ng mga reward sa pamamagitan ng pag-abot sa dibdib sa dulo ng level. Bukod dito, natutunan mo kung paano maglipat ng SOL sa loob ng isang Anchor program gamit ang mga cross-program invocations at sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagbabago ng mga lampor sa mga account.</p><p>Huwag mag-atubiling magpatuloy sa pagbuo nang nakapag-iisa at pahusayin ang laro gamit ang mga karagdagang feature tulad ng mga bagong level o alternatibong reward!</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/intro.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Introduction to Gaming on Solana"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to build games on blockchain. Solana is well built for web3 games of all genres utilizing speed, low fees, and more to create an amazing gaming experience"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to build games on blockchain. Solana is well built for web3 games of all genres utilizing speed, low fees, and more to create an amazing gaming experience"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Introduction to Gaming on Solana | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/intro.html.51f00446.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/intro.html.afd41fab.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/intro.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/intro.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/intro.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/intro.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/intro.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="panimula-sa-paglalaro-sa-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#panimula-sa-paglalaro-sa-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Panimula sa paglalaro sa Solana</h1><p>Mabilis na lumalawak ang gaming space sa Solana ecosystem. Ang pagsasama sa Solana ay maaaring magbigay ng maraming benepisyo para sa mga laro, tulad ng pagbibigay-daan sa mga manlalaro na pagmamay-ari at ipagpalit ang kanilang mga asset sa pamamagitan ng mga NFT sa mga laro, pagbuo ng isang tunay na in-game na ekonomiya, paglikha ng mga composable na program ng laro, at pagpayag sa mga manlalaro na makipagkumpitensya para sa mahahalagang asset.</p><p>Ang Solana ay sadyang binuo para sa mga laro, kasama ang 400ms block time nito at napakabilis ng kidlat na mga kumpirmasyon na ginagawa itong isang real-time na database na libre para sa lahat. Ito ay perpekto para sa mga genre tulad ng mga laro ng diskarte, mga tagabuo ng lungsod, mga larong nakabatay sa turn, at higit pa.</p><p>Gayunpaman, hindi lahat ay kailangang ilagay sa blockchain. Ang mas maliliit na pagsasama gamit ang mga NFT na kumakatawan sa mga item ng laro, halimbawa, ay madaling magawa. Napakamura ng mga bayarin sa transaksyon, at maraming tool at SDK ang available para simulan ang pagbuo ngayon. Maaari mong buuin ang iyong laro sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/de/developing/clients/javascript-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Javascript<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at Canvas, [Flutter](https://github.com/espresso-cash/espresso -cash-public), o gumamit ng isa sa mga Solana Game SDK para sa dalawang pinakamalaking engine ng laro - <a href="./game-sdks">UnitySDK</a>, <a href="https://github.com/staratlasmeta/FoundationKit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UnrealSDK<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, at higit pa <a href="./game-sdks">Mga SDK ng Laro</a>.</p><p>Mayroong ilang mga paraan upang isama ang Solana sa iyong laro:</p><ol><li>Bigyan ang mga manlalaro ng digital collectible para sa mga in-game na item o gamitin ang mga ito bilang mga character. Tingnan ang <a href="./nfts-in-games">Nfts sa mga laro</a></li><li>Gumamit ng mga token para sa mga in-app na pagbili o micro-payment sa laro. Tingnan ang <a href="./interact-with-tokens">gumamit ng mga token</a></li><li>Gamitin ang wallet ng player para patotohanan sila sa laro. <a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#how-to-sign-and-verify-messages-with-wallets" class="">Sign message</a></li><li>Magpatakbo ng mga tournament at magbayad ng mga crypto reward sa iyong mga manlalaro.</li><li>Buuin ang laro na ganap na on-chain upang gantimpalaan ang iyong mga manlalaro sa bawat hakbang na kanilang gagawin. Magsimula sa <a href="./hello-world">Hello world</a></li></ol><p>Sa lahat ng mga benepisyong ito, ang Solana ay mabilis na nagiging go-to platform para sa mga developer ng laro. Magsimula ngayon!</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/game-sdks.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Solana Gaming SDKs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Solana Gaming SDKs"><meta name="description" content="A list of Solana Gaming SDKs to get you started creating your first Solana Game"><meta name="og:description" content="A list of Solana Gaming SDKs to get you started creating your first Solana Game"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Solana Gaming SDKs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/game-sdks.html.b7b1489e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/game-sdks.html.d18bd9d2.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/game-sdks.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h3 id="unity-sdk" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#unity-sdk" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Unity SDK</h3><p>Ang unity game engine ay kilala sa beginner friendly approach at cross platform support kabilang ang WebGL, ios at android. Bumuo nang isang beses i-export sa lahat ng dako. Ang Solana Unity SDK ay may kasamang NFT support, mga transaksyon, RPC function, Phantom Deep lLinks, WebGL connector, WebSocket connection support, mobile wallet-adapter at anchor client code generation.</p><p><a href="https://solana.unity-sdk.gg/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Docs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/decentralization/infrastructure/solana-sdk-for-unity-246931" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Verified Unity Asset Store Listing<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/tree/main/Assets/SolPlay/Examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example Games<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><h3 id="unreal-sdk" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#unreal-sdk" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Unreal SDK</h3><p>Ang Unreal engine ay kilala sa magagandang visual at node based scripting framework. Ang Solana sdk ay orihinal na binuo ng koponan ng Star Atlas.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/staratlasmeta/FoundationKit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Star Atlas Unreal SDK<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8fm8mFeUkk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tutorial<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><h3 id="flutter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#flutter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Flutter</h3><p>Ang Flutter ay isang open source na framework ng Google para sa pagbuo ng maganda, natively compiled, multi-platform na mga application mula sa isang codebase.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/espresso-cash/espresso-cash-public" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source Code<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><h3 id="next-js-react-anchor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#next-js-react-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Next.js/React + Anchor</h3><p>Isa sa pinakamadaling paraan upang bumuo sa Solana ay ang paggamit ng Web3js Javascript framework kasama ng Solana Anchor frameworks. Para sa mas kumplikadong mga laro, inirerekumenda ko ang paggamit ng GameEngine tulad ng Unity o Unreal. Ang pinakamabilis na paraan upang i-set up ito ay:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>npx create<span class="token operator">-</span>solana<span class="token operator">-</span>dapp your<span class="token operator">-</span>app </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Ito ay bubuo ng isang mahusay na panimulang application na may suporta sa wallet-adapter. Ang isang benepisyo ng paggamit ng Next.js ay maaari mong gamitin ang parehong code sa backend at sa frontend, na nagpapabilis sa pag-develop.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/espresso-cash/espresso-cash-public" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3Js<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-send-sol" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Cookbook<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><h3 id="python" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#python" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Python</h3><p>Ang Python ay isang madaling matutunang programming language na kadalasang ginagamit sa AI programming. Mayroong isang balangkas na tinatawag na Seahorse na hinahayaan kang bumuo ng mga matalinong kontrata sa Python.</p><p><a href="https://beta.solpg.io/tutorials/hello-seahorse" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor Playground Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://github.com/ameliatastic/seahorse-lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source and Docs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><h3 id="native-c" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-c" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native C#</h3><p>Ang orihinal na port ng Web3js sa C#. Ito ay may kasamang grupo ng mga functionality tulad ng mga transaksyon, RPC function at anchor client code generation.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/bmresearch/Solnet/blob/master/docs/articles/getting_started.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source and Docs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/energy-system.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Energy System"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Energy System in Solana Games"><meta name="description" content="Build Energy Systems for Casual Games on Solana with these Easy Steps"><meta name="og:description" content="Build Energy Systems for Casual Games on Solana with these Easy Steps"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Energy System | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/energy-system.html.247dc971.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/energy-system.html.446d0efc.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/energy-system.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/energy-system.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/energy-system.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/energy-system.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/energy-system.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="sistema-ng-enerhiya" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sistema-ng-enerhiya" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sistema ng Enerhiya</h1><p>Ang mga kaswal na laro ay karaniwang gumagamit ng mga sistema ng enerhiya, ibig sabihin, ang mga pagkilos sa laro ay nagkakahalaga ng enerhiya na muling pinupuno sa paglipas ng panahon. Sa gabay na ito tatalakayin natin kung paano bumuo ng isa sa Solana. Inirerekomenda na magsimula sa <a href="../gaming/hello-world">Hello World Example</a> kung wala kang anumang dating kaalaman sa Solana.</p><p>Narito ang isang kumpletong halimbawa ng source code batay sa Solana dapp scaffold na may react client:</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-game-starter-kits/tree/main/lumberjack" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="anchor-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#anchor-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Anchor program</h2><p>Sa tutorial na ito, gagabayan ka namin sa proseso ng paglikha ng isang program na unti-unting nagre-replenishes sa mga reserbang enerhiya ng player sa paglipas ng panahon. Ito, sa turn, ay magbibigay-daan sa kanila na magsagawa ng iba&#39;t ibang mga aksyon sa loob ng laro. Sa aming halimbawa, ang isang lumber jack ay magpuputol ng mga puno sa bawat puno ay nagbibigay ng isang kahoy at nagkakahalaga ng isang enerhiya.</p><h3 id="paggawa-ng-player-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paggawa-ng-player-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paggawa ng player account</h3><p>Una kailangan ng player na gumawa ng account na nagse-save sa estado ng aming player. Pansinin na ang last_login time ay nagse-save sa kasalukuyang unix time stamp ng player na nakikipag-ugnayan siya sa program. Sa ganitong estado, magagawa nating kalkulahin kung gaano karaming enerhiya ang mayroon ang manlalaro sa isang tiyak na punto ng oras. Mayroon din kaming halaga para sa kung gaano karaming kahoy ang ibinabato ng lumber jack sa laro.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">init_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_login <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitPlayer</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PlayerData</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> level<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> xp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> wood<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> energy<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> last_login<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">i64</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><h3 id="pagputol-ng-mga-puno" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagputol-ng-mga-puno" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagputol ng mga puno</h3><p>Pagkatapos ay sa tuwing tatawag ang manlalaro ng <code>chop tree</code> na pagtuturo ay susuriin natin kung ang manlalaro ay may sapat na lakas at gagantimpalaan siya ng isang kahoy.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Not enough energy&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NotEnoughEnergy</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">chop_tree</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ChopTree</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">update_energy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NotEnoughEnergy</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wood <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wood <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You chopped a tree and got 1 wood. You have {} wood and {} energy left.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wood<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h3 id="kinakalkula-ang-enerhiya" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kinakalkula-ang-enerhiya" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kinakalkula ang enerhiya</h3><p>Ang kawili-wiling bahagi ay nangyayari sa <code>update_energy</code> function. Sinusuri namin kung gaano karaming oras ang lumipas at kinakalkula ang enerhiya na magkakaroon ng manlalaro sa ibinigay na oras. Ganun din ang gagawin namin sa client. Tamad kaming nag-a-update ng enerhiya sa halip na botohan ito sa lahat ng oras. Ang ay isang karaniwang pamamaraan sa pagbuo ng laro.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">i64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">update_energy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">ChopTree</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> time_passed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">i64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_login<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> time_spent<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">i64</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> time_passed <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> time_passed <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> time_spent <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_login <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_login <span class="token operator">+=</span> time_spent<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><h2 id="js-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#js-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Js client</h2><p>Narito ang isang kumpletong halimbawa batay sa Solana dapp scaffold na may react client: <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-game-starter-kits/tree/main/lumberjack" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h3 id="lumikha-ng-koneksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lumikha-ng-koneksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lumikha ng koneksyon</h3><p>Sa Anchor.ts file lumikha kami ng isang koneksyon:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Pansinin na ang parameter ng pagkumpirma ay nakatakda sa &#39;nakumpirma&#39;. Nangangahulugan ito na maghihintay kami hanggang sa makumpirma ang mga transaksyon sa halip na ma-finalize. Nangangahulugan ito na maghihintay tayo hanggang sa sabihin ng super majority ng network na valid ang transaksyon. Ito ay tumatagal ng humigit-kumulang 400ms at walang nakumpirmang transaksyon na hindi na-finalize. Kaya para sa mga laro ito ang perpektong bandila ng kumpirmasyon.</p><h3 id="magsimula-ng-data-ng-player" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magsimula-ng-data-ng-player" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magsimula ng data ng player</h3><p>Ang unang bagay na gagawin namin ay hanapin ang address ng programa para sa player account gamit ang seed string <code>manlalaro</code> at ang pampublikong key ng player. Pagkatapos ay tinatawagan namin ang <code>initPlayer</code> upang gawin ang account.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LUMBERJACK_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initPlayer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">player</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">signer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">systemProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">skipPreflight</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txSig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><h3 id="mag-subscribe-sa-mga-update-sa-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mag-subscribe-sa-mga-update-sa-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mag-subscribe sa mga update sa account</h3><p>Dito makikita mo kung paano kumuha ng data ng account sa js client at kung paano mag-subscribe sa isang account. Gumagawa ang <code>connection.onAccountChange</code> ng socket connection sa RPC node na magtutulak ng anumang pagbabagong mangyayari sa account sa kliyente. Ito ay mas mabilis kaysa sa pagkuha ng bagong data ng account pagkatapos ng bawat pagbabago. Pagkatapos ay maaari nating gamitin ang <code>program.coder</code> upang i-decode ang data ng account sa mga uri ng TS at direktang gamitin ito sa laro.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token function">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LUMBERJACK_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerData<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setGameState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;No player data found, please init!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">account</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setGameState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>coder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;playerData&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h3 id="kalkulahin-ang-enerhiya-at-ipakita-ang-count-down" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kalkulahin-ang-enerhiya-at-ipakita-ang-count-down" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kalkulahin ang enerhiya at ipakita ang count down</h3><p>Sa javascript client, maaari nating gawin ang parehong logic tulad ng sa program para makalkula kung gaano karaming enerhiya ang mayroon ang player sa oras na ito at magpakita ng countdown timer para sa player upang malaman niya kung kailan magiging available ang susunod na enerhiya:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token function">useEffect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> interval <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">setInterval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameState <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lastLogin <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lastLoginTime <span class="token operator">=</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lastLogin <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> timePassed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Date<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> lastLoginTime<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>timePassed <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">parseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lastLogin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">parseInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lastLogin<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> timePassed <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setTimePassed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timePassed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nextEnergyIn <span class="token operator">=</span> Math<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">floor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> timePassed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>nextEnergyIn <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">TIME_TO_REFILL_ENERGY</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> nextEnergyIn <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setEnergyNextIn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nextEnergyIn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setEnergyNextIn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">clearInterval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>interval<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>gameState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> timePassed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameState <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>div className<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;flex flex-col items-center&quot;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Wood: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wood <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">&quot; Energy: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> gameState<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">&quot; Next energy in: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> nextEnergyIn <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>div<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><p>Sa pamamagitan nito maaari ka na ngayong bumuo ng anumang larong nakabatay sa enerhiya at kahit na ang isang tao ay bumuo ng isang bot para sa laro ang pinakamaraming magagawa niya ay maglaro nang mahusay, na marahil ay mas madaling makamit kapag naglalaro nang normal depende sa lohika ng iyong laro.</p><p>Ang larong ito ay nagiging mas mahusay kapag isinama sa <a href="../gaming/interact-with-tokens">halimbawa ng Token</a> at talagang nag-drop ka ng ilang spl token sa mga manlalaro.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/saving-game-state.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Saving game state"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Saving game state"><meta name="description" content="How to save the state of a game in a Solana program"><meta name="og:description" content="How to save the state of a game in a Solana program"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Saving game state | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/saving-game-state.html.2ee97311.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/saving-game-state.html.40bb41f5.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/saving-game-state.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="paano-i-save-ang-estado-ng-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-save-ang-estado-ng-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-save ang estado ng laro</h1><p>Maaari mong gamitin ang Solana block chain para i-save ang estado ng iyong laro sa mga program account. Ito ay mga account na pagmamay-ari ng iyong programa at ang mga ito ay hango sa program Id at ilang mga buto. Ang mga ito ay maaaring isipin bilang mga entry ng data base. Halimbawa, maaari tayong lumikha ng isang PlayerData account at gamitin ang pampublikong key ng mga manlalaro bilang isang binhi. Nangangahulugan ito na ang bawat manlalaro ay maaaring magkaroon ng isang player account sa bawat wallet. Ang mga account na ito ay maaaring hanggang 10Kb bilang default. Kung kailangan mo ng mas malaking account, tingnan ang <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/anchor-zero-copy-example" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Manage big accounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> Magagawa ito sa isang programa tulad nito:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">init_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitPlayer</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_ENERGY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>health <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_HEALTH</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_login <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitPlayer</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> player<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">PlayerData</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PlayerData</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> level<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> xp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> health<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> log<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> energy<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> last_login<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">i64</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><p>Maaari kang makipag-ugnayan sa data ng player na ito sa pamamagitan ng mga instruction sa transaksyon. Sabihin nating gusto nating magkaroon ng karanasan ang player para sa pagpatay ng halimaw halimbawa:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">kill_enemy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">KillEnemy</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> enemyId<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> handle energy <span class="token keyword">if</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token macro property">err!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NotEnoughEnergy</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> get enemy values by id and calculate battle ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xp <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xp <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> handle level up <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You killed enemy and got 1 xp. You have {} xp and {} energy left.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player<span class="token punctuation">.</span>energy<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>Ganito ang magiging hitsura nito mula sa isang js client:</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useAnchorWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> provider <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AnchorProvider</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">setProvider</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>provider<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">IDL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> provider<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddressSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;player&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initPlayer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">player</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">signer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">systemProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txSig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><p>Kung paano aktwal na buuin ang sistema ng enerhiya na ito maaari mong matutunan dito: <a href="../gaming/energy-system">Pagbuo ng sistema ng Enerhiya</a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/game-examples.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Learn How to Build Solana Games By Example"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Learn How to Build Solana Games By Example"><meta name="description" content="A list of open source games on Solana with tutorials to get you started."><meta name="og:description" content="A list of open source games on Solana with tutorials to get you started."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Learn By Example | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/game-examples.html.40ac5dd2.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/game-examples.html.4e1c4e80.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/game-examples.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/game-examples.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/game-examples.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/game-examples.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/game-examples.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="open-source-solana-laro-upang-sanggunian-para-sa-pag-aaral" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#open-source-solana-laro-upang-sanggunian-para-sa-pag-aaral" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Open source Solana laro upang sanggunian para sa pag-aaral</h1><h2 id="makipag-ugnayan-sa-anchor-program-mula-sa-unity" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#makipag-ugnayan-sa-anchor-program-mula-sa-unity" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Makipag-ugnayan sa Anchor Program mula sa Unity</h2><p>Isang simpleng halimbawa ng paglipat ng player pakaliwa at kanan gamit ang Anchor framework at Unity SD</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vQ3bSs3svs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Video<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solplay.de/TinyAdventure/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Live Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://beta.solpg.io/tutorials/tiny-adventure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/tree/main/Assets/SolPlay/Examples/TinyAdventure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unity Client<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="pag-save-ng-sol-sa-isang-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-save-ng-sol-sa-isang-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-save ng Sol sa isang PDA</h2><p>Alamin kung paano i-save ang sol sa isang PDA seed vault at ipadala ito pabalik sa isang player. Ang backend ay nakasulat sa Anchor at ang frontend ay gumagamit ng Unity SDK</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gILXyWvXu7M" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Video<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solplay.de/TinyAdventureTwo/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Live Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/tree/main/Assets/SolPlay/Examples/TinyAdventureTwo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="sa-chain-matchmaking" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sa-chain-matchmaking" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sa chain matchmaking</h2><p>Isang multiplayer match three game na gumagamit ng NFT stats para sa character stats sa laro at may kawili-wiling onchain matchmaking system.</p><p><a href="https://deezquest.vercel.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Live Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/val-samonte/deezquest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="gumamit-ng-mga-solana-pay-qr-code-para-makontrol-ang-isang-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gumamit-ng-mga-solana-pay-qr-code-para-makontrol-ang-isang-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gumamit ng mga Solana Pay Qr code para makontrol ang isang laro</h2><p>Hilahang lubid Isang multiplayer na laro kung saan pinapalitan ang isang account sa pamamagitan ng Solana Pay qr code na maaaring maging player na may maraming tao sa isang malaking screen. Backend Anchor at ang frontend ay Js React at Next13.</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XBvEHwSqJc&amp;ab_channel=SolPlay" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tutorial<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://tug-of-war.vercel.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/workshops/tree/main/workshops/tug-of-war" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="itago-ang-estado-ng-laro-mula-sa-iba-pang-mga-manlalaro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#itago-ang-estado-ng-laro-mula-sa-iba-pang-mga-manlalaro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Itago ang estado ng laro mula sa iba pang mga manlalaro</h2><p>Bato papel gunting</p><p>Isang laro kung saan nakatago ang data sa chain sa pamamagitan ng pag-save ng hash sa client hanggang sa maihayag. SPL Token bilang presyo para sa nanalo.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/kevinrodriguez-io/bonk-paper-scissors" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p>Isa pang halimbawang isinumite para sa grizzlython na nag-e-encrypt ng mga entry at ipinapadala ito sa susunod na manlalaro na may karagdagang pag-encrypt:</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solanaGames" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="paano-bumuo-ng-isang-round-based-na-multiplayer-na-laro" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-bumuo-ng-isang-round-based-na-multiplayer-na-laro" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano bumuo ng isang round based na multiplayer na laro</h2><p>Tic Tac toe Isang simpleng larong multiplayer na nakasulat sa Anchor</p><p><a href="https://book.anchor-lang.com/anchor_in_depth/milestone_project_tic-tac-toe.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tutorial<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor-book/tree/master/programs/tic-tac-toe" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="sa-chain-chess" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sa-chain-chess" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sa Chain Chess</h2><p>Chess Kumpleto sa chain playable chess game na nakasulat sa Anchor. Magpadala sa isang tao ng link para magsimula ng laro. Naghahanap ng mga kontribyutor.</p><p><a href="https://chess.vicyyn.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Live Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/vicyyn/sol-chess/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="larong-multiplayer-gamit-ang-sistema-ng-pagboto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#larong-multiplayer-gamit-ang-sistema-ng-pagboto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Larong Multiplayer gamit ang sistema ng pagboto</h2><p>Sistema ng pagboto ng Pokemon Isang laro kung saan sama-samang bumoto ang mga tao sa mga galaw sa isang game boy game. Ang bawat galaw ay naitala at ang bawat galaw ay maaaring i-minted bilang isang NFT.</p><p><a href="https://solana.playspokemon.xyz/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Live Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/nelsontky/web3-plays-pokemon" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="halimbawa-ng-sistema-ng-sangkap-ng-entity" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#halimbawa-ng-sistema-ng-sangkap-ng-entity" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Halimbawa ng sistema ng sangkap ng entity</h2><p>Ang Kyoudai Clash ay isang on chain realtime Gamit ang jump crypto <a href="https://github.com/JumpCrypto/sol-arc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arc framework<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na isang on chain entity component system para sa Solana.</p><p><a href="https://www.xnft.gg/app/D2i3cz9juUPLwbpi8rV2XvAnB5nEe3f8fM5YUpgVprbT" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">xNFT Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/spacemandev-git/dominari-arc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="pakikipagsapalaran-sa-pagpatay-ng-mga-halimaw-at-pagkakaroon-ng-xp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pakikipagsapalaran-sa-pagpatay-ng-mga-halimaw-at-pagkakaroon-ng-xp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pakikipagsapalaran sa pagpatay ng mga halimaw at pagkakaroon ng xp</h2><p>Ang Lumia online ay isang pagsusumite ng hackathon at isang magandang sanggunian para sa isang maliit na laro ng pakikipagsapalaran.</p><p><a href="https://www.xnft.gg/app/D2i3cz9juUPLwbpi8rV2XvAnB5nEe3f8fM5YUpgVprbT" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">xNFT Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/spacemandev-git/dominari-arc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><h2 id="real-time-na-pvp-sa-chain-game" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#real-time-na-pvp-sa-chain-game" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Real-time na pvp sa chain game</h2><p>SolHunter</p><p>Real-time na Solana Battle Royal Game. Gamit ang Anchor program, UnitySDK, subscription sa WebSocket account. Maaaring i-spawn ng mga manlalaro ang kanilang mga character na kinakatawan bilang isa sa kanilang mga NFT sa isang grid at lumipat sa paligid. Kung ang isang manlalaro ay tumama sa isa pang manlalaro o dibdib ay kinokolekta niya ang Sol nito. Ang grid ay ipinatupad bilang isang dalawang dimensional na array kung saan ang bawat tile ay nagse-save ng wallet key ng mga manlalaro at ang NFT public key. <a href="https://solplay.de/SolHunter/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/tree/main/Assets/SolPlay/Examples/SolHunter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Source<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/hello-world.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Hello World example"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Hello World example"><meta name="description" content="Get started building Solana games with a basic adventure game"><meta name="og:description" content="Get started building Solana games with a basic adventure game"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Hello World example | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/hello-world.html.e99409d5.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/hello-world.html.97d1eb37.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/hello-world.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/hello-world.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/hello-world.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/hello-world.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/hello-world.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pagbuo-ng-on-chain-na-laro-sa-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagbuo-ng-on-chain-na-laro-sa-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagbuo ng on-chain na laro sa Solana</h1><h2 id="pagsisimula-sa-iyong-unang-laro-ng-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsisimula-sa-iyong-unang-laro-ng-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsisimula sa iyong unang laro ng Solana</h2><p>Walkthrough ng Video:</p><div class="video-block"><iframe width="320" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_vQ3bSs3svs" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></div><p>Live na Bersyon. (gamitin ang devnet sa naka-embed na bersyon)</p><iframe height="400" scrolling="no" title="OZXQWp" src="https://solplay.de/TinyAdventure/index.html" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" style="width:80%;"> </iframe><h2 id="tiny-adventure" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tiny-adventure" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Tiny Adventure</h2><p>Ang Tiny Adventure ay isang beginner-friendly na programang Solana na nilikha gamit ang Anchor framework. Ang layunin ng program na ito ay ipakita sa iyo kung paano lumikha ng isang simpleng laro na nagbibigay-daan sa mga manlalaro na subaybayan ang kanilang posisyon at lumipat pakaliwa o kanan.</p><p>Ang Tiny Adventure Program ay binubuo lamang ng 3 mga instruction:</p><ul><li><code>initialize</code> - Ang instruction na ito ay nagse-set up ng on-chain na account upang iimbak ang posisyon ng manlalaro</li><li><code>move_left</code> - Hinahayaan ng pagtuturo na ito ang player na ilipat ang kanilang posisyon sa kaliwa</li><li><code>move_right</code> - Hinahayaan ng pagtuturo na ito ang player na ilipat ang kanilang posisyon sa kanan</li></ul><p>Sa mga paparating na seksyon, tatalakayin natin ang proseso ng pagbuo ng larong ito nang sunud-sunod. Mahahanap mo ang kumpletong source code, na magagamit upang i-deploy mula sa iyong browser, sa <a href="https://beta.solpg.io/tutorials/tiny-adventure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">halimbawa ng Solana Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Kung kailangan mong maging pamilyar sa Anchor framework, huwag mag-atubiling tingnan ang Anchor module ng <a href="https://www.soldev.app/course" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Course<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para makapagsimula.</p><h3 id="pagsisimula" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsisimula" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsisimula</h3><p>Upang simulan ang pagbuo ng larong Tiny Adventure, sundin ang mga hakbang na ito:</p><p>Bisitahin ang <a href="https://beta.solpg.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Playground<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at gumawa ng bagong Anchor project. Kung bago ka sa Solana Playground, kakailanganin mo ring gumawa ng Playground Wallet. Narito ang isang halimbawa kung paano gamitin ang Solana Playground:</p><p><img src="/assets/solpg.486fd175.gif" alt="solpg.gif"></p><p>Pagkatapos gumawa ng bagong proyekto, palitan ang default na starter code ng code sa ibaba:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..o.....&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><p>Sa larong ito, magsisimula ang manlalaro sa posisyon 0 at maaaring lumipat pakaliwa o pakanan. Upang ipakita ang pag-unlad ng manlalaro sa buong laro, gagamitin namin ang mga log ng mensahe upang ipakita ang kanilang paglalakbay.</p><h3 id="pagtukoy-sa-game-data-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtukoy-sa-game-data-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtukoy sa Game Data Account</h3><p>Ang unang hakbang sa pagbuo ng laro ay upang tukuyin ang isang istraktura para sa on-chain na account na mag-iimbak ng posisyon ng manlalaro.</p><p>Ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> struct ay naglalaman ng isang field, <code>player_position</code>, na nag-iimbak ng kasalukuyang posisyon ng player bilang isang unsigned 8-bit integer.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Define the Game Data Account structure</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">GameDataAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><h3 id="magsimula-ng-instruksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magsimula-ng-instruksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magsimula ng Instruksyon</h3><p>Pagkatapos tukuyin ang account ng programa, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>initialize</code>. Sinisimulan ng instruction na ito ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> kung wala pa ito, itinatakda ang <code>player_position</code> sa 0, at mag-print ng ilang log ng mensahe.</p><p>Ang instruction na <code>initialize</code> ay nangangailangan ng 3 account:</p><ul><li><code>new_game_data_account</code> - ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> na sinisimulan namin</li><li><code>signer</code> - ang player na nagbabayad para sa initialization ng <code>GameDataAccount</code></li><li><code>system_program</code> - isang kinakailangang account kapag gumagawa ng bagong account</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction to initialize GameDataAccount and set position to 0</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the accounts required by the initialize instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Initialize</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><p>Sa halimbawang ito, ginagamit ang Program Derived Address (PDA) para sa <code>GameDataAccount</code> na address. Ito ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin na tiyak na mahanap ang address sa ibang pagkakataon. Mahalagang tandaan na ang PDA sa halimbawang ito ay nabuo na may iisang nakapirming halaga bilang seed (<code>level1</code>), na naglilimita sa aming programa sa paglikha lamang ng isang <code>GameDataAccount</code>. Ang <code>init_if_needed</code> constraint pagkatapos ay tinitiyak na ang <code>GameDataAccount</code> ay sinisimulan lamang kung hindi pa ito umiiral.</p><p>Ito ay nagkakahalaga na tandaan na ang kasalukuyang pagpapatupad ay walang anumang mga paghihigpit sa kung sino ang maaaring baguhin ang <code>GameDataAccount</code>. Epektibo nitong ginagawang isang multiplayer na karanasan ang laro kung saan makokontrol ng lahat ang paggalaw ng manlalaro.</p><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari mong gamitin ang address ng lumagda bilang isang karagdagang binhi sa pagtuturo na <code>initialize</code>, na magbibigay-daan sa bawat manlalaro na lumikha ng kanilang sariling <code>GameDataAccount</code>.</p><h3 id="ilipat-ang-instruksyon-sa-kaliwa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ilipat-ang-instruksyon-sa-kaliwa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ilipat ang Instruksyon sa Kaliwa</h3><p>Ngayon na maaari na nating simulan ang isang <code>GameDataAccount</code> account, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>move_left</code>. Nagbibigay-daan ito sa isang player na i-update ang kanilang <code>player_position</code>. Sa halimbawang ito, ang paglipat sa kaliwa ay nangangahulugan lamang ng pagbabawas ng <code>player_position</code> ng 1. Itatakda din namin ang minimum na posisyon sa 0.</p><p>Ang tanging account na kailangan para sa pagtuturo na ito ay ang <code>GameDataAccount</code>.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction to move left</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_left</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveLeft</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You are back at the start.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the account required by the move_left instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveLeft</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h3 id="pagtuturo-sa-pakanan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtuturo-sa-pakanan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtuturo sa Pakanan</h3><p>Panghuli, ipatupad natin ang instruction na <code>move_right</code>. Sa katulad na paraan, ang paglipat sa kanan ay nangangahulugan lamang ng pagtaas ng <code>player_position</code> ng 1. Nililimitahan din namin ang maximum na posisyon sa 3.</p><p>Katulad ng dati, ang tanging account na kailangan para sa pagtuturo na ito ay ang <code>GameDataAccount</code>.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction to move right</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_right</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Specify the account required by the move_right instruction</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">...</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h3 id="i-build-at-i-deploy" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-build-at-i-deploy" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-build at I-deploy</h3><p>Nakumpleto na namin ngayon ang programang Tiny Adventure! Ang iyong panghuling programa ay dapat na katulad ng sumusunod:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is your program&#39;s public key and it will update</span> <span class="token comment">// automatically when you build the project.</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BouPBVWkdVHbxsdzqeMwkjqd5X67RX5nwMEwxn8MDpor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tiny_adventure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_left</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveLeft</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You are back at the start.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">move_right</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> game_data_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">=</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">print_player</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A Journey Begins!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o.......&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;..o.....&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> player_position <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;You have reached the end! Super!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Initialize</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init_if_needed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> new_game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveLeft</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MoveRight</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> game_data_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">GameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">GameDataAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> player_position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><p>Sa pagtatapos ng programa, oras na para buuin at i-deploy ito sa Solana Playground!</p><p>Kung ito ang unang pagkakataon mong gumamit ng Solana Playground, gumawa muna ng Playground Wallet at tiyaking nakakonekta ka sa isang Devnet endpoint. Pagkatapos, patakbuhin ang <code>solana airdrop 2</code> hanggang sa magkaroon ka ng 6 na SOL. Kapag mayroon kang sapat na SOL, buuin at i-deploy ang programa.</p><h3 id="magsimula-sa-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magsimula-sa-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magsimula sa Kliyente</h3><p>Gagabayan ka ng susunod na seksyong ito sa isang simpleng pagpapatupad sa panig ng kliyente para sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa laro. Susuriin namin ang code at magbibigay ng mga detalyadong paliwanag para sa bawat hakbang. Sa Solana Playground, mag-navigate sa <code>client.ts</code> file at idagdag ang mga snippet ng code mula sa mga sumusunod na seksyon.</p><p>Una, kunin natin ang PDA para sa <code>GameDataAccount</code>. Ang PDA ay isang natatanging address sa format ng isang pampublikong susi, na hinango gamit ang ID ng programa at mga karagdagang binhi. Huwag mag-atubiling tingnan ang mga PDA lesson ng <a href="https://www.soldev.app/course" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Course<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para sa higit pang mga detalye.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// The PDA adress everyone will be able to control the character if the interact with your program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>Susunod, subukan nating kunin ang account ng data ng laro gamit ang PDA mula sa nakaraang hakbang. Kung wala ang account, gagawin namin ito sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng <code>initialize</code> na pagtuturo mula sa aming programa.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txHash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> gameDateAccount<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> gameDateAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Check if the account is already initialized, other wise initialize it</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">newGameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">signer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">systemProgram</span><span class="token operator">:</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A journey begins...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o........&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><p>Ngayon ay handa na kaming makipag-ugnayan sa laro sa pamamagitan ng paggalaw sa kaliwa o kanan. Ginagawa ito sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng <code>moveLeft</code> o <code>moveRight</code> na mga instruction na mula sa programa at pagsusumite ng transaksyon sa Solana network. Maaari mong ulitin ang hakbang na ito nang maraming beses hangga&#39;t gusto mo.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// Here you can play around now, move left and right</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>methods <span class="token comment">//.moveLeft()</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">moveRight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">gameDataAccount</span><span class="token operator">:</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Use &#39;solana confirm -v </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39; to see the logs</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txHash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> gameDateAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> pg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> globalLevel1GameDataAccount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Player position is:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> gameDateAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerPosition<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p>Panghuli, gumamit tayo ng statement na <code>switch</code> para i-log ang posisyon ng character batay sa value ng <code>playerPosition</code> na naka-store sa <code>gameDateAccount</code>. Gagamitin namin ito bilang isang visual na representasyon ng paggalaw ng character sa laro.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">switch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>gameDateAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>playerPosition<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A journey begins...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;o........&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;....o....&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;......o..&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator">:</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.........\\o/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p>Panghuli, patakbuhin ang kliyente sa pamamagitan ng pag-click sa pindutang &quot;Run&quot; sa Solana Playground. Ang output ay dapat na katulad ng sumusunod:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>Running client... client.ts: My address: 8ujtDmwpkQ4Bp4GU4zUWmzf65sc21utdcxFAELESca22 My balance: 4.649749614 SOL Use &#39;solana confirm -v 4MRXEWfGqvmro1KsKb94Zz8qTZsPa9x99oMFbLBz2WicLnr8vdYYsQwT5u3pK5Vt1i9BDrVH5qqTXwtif6sCRJCy&#39; to see the logs Player position is: 1 ....o.... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>Binabati kita! Matagumpay mong nagawa, na-deploy, at nagamit ang larong Tiny Adventure mula sa kliyente. Upang higit pang mailarawan ang mga posibilidad, tingnan ang <a href="https://nextjs-tiny-adventure.vercel.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">demo<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na ito na nagpapakita kung paano makipag-ugnayan sa programang Tiny Adventure sa pamamagitan ng Next.js frontend.</p><h3 id="where-to-go-from-here" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#where-to-go-from-here" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Where to Go from Here</h3><h3 id="saan-pupunta-mula-dito" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#saan-pupunta-mula-dito" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Saan Pupunta Mula Dito</h3><p>Nang kumpleto na ang pangunahing laro, ipamalas ang iyong pagkamalikhain at magsanay sa pagbuo nang nakapag-iisa sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatupad ng sarili mong mga ideya para pagyamanin ang karanasan sa laro. Narito ang ilang mungkahi:</p><ol><li>Baguhin ang mga in-game na teksto upang lumikha ng isang nakakaintriga na kuwento. Anyayahan ang isang kaibigan na maglaro sa pamamagitan ng iyong custom na salaysay at obserbahan ang mga on-chain na transaksyon habang nangyayari ang mga ito!</li><li>Magdagdag ng chest na nagbibigay ng reward sa mga manlalaro ng <a href="./store-sol-in-pda">Sol Rewards</a> o hayaan ang player na mangolekta ng mga barya <a href="./interact-with-token">Makipag-ugnayan sa mga token</a> habang sumusulong sila sa laro .</li><li>Gumawa ng grid na nagbibigay-daan sa player na lumipat pataas, pababa, kaliwa, at kanan, at magpakilala ng maraming manlalaro para sa isang mas dynamic na karanasan.</li></ol><p>Sa susunod na yugto, <a href="./store-sol-in-pda">Tiny Adventure Two</a>, matututunan natin kung paano mag-imbak ng SOL sa programa at ipamahagi ito sa mga manlalaro bilang mga reward.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Port to Unity"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Port to Unity"><meta name="description" content="Using anchor idl you can interact with your program directly from unity"><meta name="og:description" content="Using anchor idl you can interact with your program directly from unity"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Port Anchor to Unity | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/porting-anchor-to-unity.html.8ad16b00.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/porting-anchor-to-unity.html.2d7da15e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/porting-anchor-to-unity.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pag-port-ng-isang-programa-sa-unity" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-port-ng-isang-programa-sa-unity" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-port ng isang programa sa Unity</h1><p>Kapag nakapagsulat ka na ng solana program ay baka gusto mo na itong gamitin sa Unity Game engine. Sa kabutihang palad mayroong isang code generator na nagbibigay-daan sa iyo na mag-port ng isang anchor idl (isang representasyon ng json ng isang solana program) sa C#</p><h2 id="pagbuo-ng-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagbuo-ng-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagbuo ng Kliyente</h2><p>Kapag gumagamit ng Anchor makakabuo ka ng isang IDL file na isang representasyon ng JSON ng iyong programa. Gamit ang IDL na ito maaari kang makabuo ng iba&#39;t ibang mga kliyente. Halimbawa JS o C# sa Unity. <br><a href="https://github.com/magicblock-labs/Solana.Unity.Anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IDL to C# Converter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><p>Ang dalawang linyang ito ay bubuo ng isang C# client para sa laro.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>dotnet tool install Solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Unity<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Anchor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Tool dotnet anchorgen <span class="token operator">-</span>i idl<span class="token operator">/</span>file<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json <span class="token operator">-</span>o src<span class="token operator">/</span>ProgramCode<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Ito ay bubuo sa iyo ng isang C# na representasyon ng iyong programa, na nagbibigay-daan sa iyong deserialize ang data at madaling gumawa ng mga instruction sa programa.</p><h2 id="pagbuo-ng-transaksyon-sa-unity-c" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagbuo-ng-transaksyon-sa-unity-c" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagbuo ng Transaksyon sa Unity C#</h2><p>Sa loob ng Unity game engine, magagamit natin ang <a href="https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/decentralization/infrastructure/solana-sdk-for-unity-246931" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Unity SDK<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> upang makipag-ugnayan sa programa.</p><ol><li><p>Una nating mahanap ang nasa chain address ng game data account na may TryFindProgramAddress. Kailangan nating ipasa ang account na ito sa transaksyon para malaman ng Solana runtime na gusto nating baguhin ang account na ito.</p></li><li><p>Susunod na ginagamit namin ang nabuong kliyente upang lumikha ng MoveRight na pagtuturo.</p></li><li><p>Pagkatapos ay humiling kami ng block hash mula sa isang RPC node. Ito ay kinakailangan upang malaman ni Solana kung gaano katagal ang magiging bisa ng transaksyon.</p></li><li><p>Susunod na itinakda namin ang nagbabayad ng bayad upang maging wallet ng mga manlalaro.</p></li><li><p>Pagkatapos ay idinagdag namin ang paglipat ng tamang pagtuturo sa Transaksyon. Maaari din kaming magdagdag ng maraming instruction sa isang solong transaksyon kung kinakailangan.</p></li><li><p>Pagkatapos ang transaksyon ay mapirmahan at pagkatapos ay ipadala sa RPC node para sa pagproseso. May iba&#39;t ibang antas ng Commitment ang Solana. Kung itatakda namin ang antas ng pangako sa Nakumpirma, makukuha na namin ang bagong estado sa loob ng susunod na 500ms.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/tree/main/Assets/SolPlay/Examples/TinyAdventure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Buong C# Source Code<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p></li></ol><div class="language-c ext-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code>public async <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">MoveRight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">TryFindProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Encoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF8<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;level1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ProgramId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> out gameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> out var bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> MoveRightAccounts account <span class="token operator">=</span> new <span class="token function">MoveRightAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GameDataAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> gameDataAccount<span class="token punctuation">;</span> TransactionInstruction moveRightInstruction <span class="token operator">=</span> TinyAdventureProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">MoveRight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ProgramId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> var walletHolderService <span class="token operator">=</span> ServiceFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Resolve<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>WalletHolderService<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> var result <span class="token operator">=</span> await walletHolderService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BaseWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ActiveRpcClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetRecentBlockHashAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Commitment<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Transaction transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> new <span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FeePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> walletHolderService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BaseWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RecentBlockHash <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Blockhash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Signatures <span class="token operator">=</span> new List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>SignaturePubKeyPair<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> new List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>TransactionInstruction<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Instructions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>moveRightInstruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Transaction signedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> await walletHolderService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BaseWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SignTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> RequestResult<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>string<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> await walletHolderService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BaseWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ActiveRpcClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SendTransactionAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Convert<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToBase64String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signedTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> true<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Commitment<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/auto-approve.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | How to auto approve transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | How to auto approve transactions"><meta name="description" content="To have a fluent game play you may want to be able to auto approve transactions"><meta name="og:description" content="To have a fluent game play you may want to be able to auto approve transactions"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>How to auto approve transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/auto-approve.html.78a21927.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/auto-approve.html.4e3677ac.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/auto-approve.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><p>WIP - This is a work in progress</p><h1 id="paano-awtomatikong-aprubahan-ang-transaksyon-para-sa-mabilis-na-paglalaro-at-mahusay-na-ux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-awtomatikong-aprubahan-ang-transaksyon-para-sa-mabilis-na-paglalaro-at-mahusay-na-ux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano awtomatikong aprubahan ang transaksyon para sa mabilis na paglalaro at mahusay na ux</h1><p>Upang magkaroon ng tuluy-tuloy na paglalaro para sa mga on-chain na laro, kapaki-pakinabang na magkaroon ng wallet na awtomatikong aprubahan.</p><ol><li>Nag-aalok ang Solflare wallet ng auto-approve functionality na may burner wallet, ngunit nililimitahan nito ang iyong mga manlalaro sa isang wallet lang.</li></ol><p><a href="https://twitter.com/solflare_wallet/status/1625950688709644324" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Burner Auto Approve Wallets<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><ol start="2"><li>Ang isa pang paraan para gawin ito ay ang gumawa ng key pair sa iyong laro at hayaan ang manlalaro na maglipat ng ilang sol sa wallet na iyon at pagkatapos ay gamitin ito upang magbayad para sa mga bayarin sa transaksyon. Ang problema lang dito ay kailangan mong pangasiwaan ang seguridad para sa wallet na ito at ang mga manlalaro ay kailangang magkaroon ng access sa kanilang seed phrase.</li></ol><p><a href="https://github.com/Woody4618/SolPlay_Unity_SDK/blob/main/Assets/SolPlay/Scripts/Services/WalletHolderService.cs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Halimbawa ng Source Code<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br><a href="https://solplay.de/SolHunter/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Halimbawa ng Laro<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a><br></p><ol start="3"><li><p>Maaari mong bayaran ang mga bayarin sa iyong sarili, sa pamamagitan ng paggawa at pagpirma sa mga transaksyon sa backend at makipag-ugnayan dito sa pamamagitan ng isang API. Para doon magpadala ka ng mga parameter sa iyong backend at lagdaan ang transaksyon doon at magpadala ng kumpirmasyon sa kliyente sa sandaling tapos na ito.</p></li><li><p>May protocol na tinatawag na @gumisfunn at naglabas sila ng feature na tinatawag na session keys. Ang Session Keys ay mga ephemeral key na may pinong saklaw ng programa/pagtuturo para sa tiered na pag-access sa iyong mga programang @solana. Nagbibigay-daan ang mga ito sa mga user na makipag-ugnayan sa mga app sa ilalim ng mga partikular na parameter tulad ng tagal, max na mga token, dami ng mga post o anumang iba pang function na partikular sa isang app. <a href="https://twitter.com/gumisfunn/status/1642898237395972097?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Link<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p></li></ol><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/gaming/distribution.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Game Distribution"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Game Distribution"><meta name="description" content="How to do game distribution on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="How to do game distribution on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Distribution | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/distribution.html.5054629b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/distribution.html.1a2e0c57.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/distribution.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/distribution.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/gaming/distribution.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/gaming/distribution.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/gaming/distribution.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pamamahagi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pamamahagi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pamamahagi</h1><p>Ang pamamahagi ng iyong laro ay lubos na nakadepende sa platform na iyong ginagamit. Sa Solana, may mga game SDK na maaari mong buuin para sa IOS, Android, Web at Native Windows o Mac. Gamit ang Unity SDK maaari mo ring ikonekta ang Nintendo Switch o XBox sa Solana ayon sa teorya. Maraming mga kumpanya ng laro ang umiikot sa isang mobile first approach dahil napakaraming tao ang may mga mobile phone sa mundo. Ang mobile ay may sarili nitong mga komplikasyon, kaya dapat mong piliin kung ano ang pinakaangkop sa iyong laro.</p><p>Ang Solana ay may natatanging kalamangan sa iba pang mga blockchain platform dahil sa pag-aalok nito ng isang crypto-native na mobile phone, na pinangalanang Saga, na nilagyan ng isang makabagong dApps store. Ang tindahang ito ay nagbibigay-daan sa pamamahagi ng mga larong crypto nang walang mga limitasyong ipinataw ng mga kumbensyonal na tindahan ng app gaya ng Google o Apple.</p><h2 id="mga-platform-sa-pag-publish" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-platform-sa-pag-publish" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Platform sa Pag-publish</h2><p>Mga platform kung saan maaari mong i-host ang iyong mga laro</p><table><thead><tr><th>Platform</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://www.fractal.is/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fractal<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>A game publishing platform that supports Solana and Ethereum. They also have their own wallet and account handling and there is an SDK for high scores and tournaments.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://elixir.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Elixir<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>Platform for web3 games that also offers a PC launcher</td></tr><tr><td>Self Hosting</td><td>Just host your game yourself. For example using <a href="https://vercel.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vercel<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> which can be easily setup so that a new version get deployed as soon as you push to your repository. Other options are <a href="https://pages.github.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">github pages<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> or <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Firebase<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/solana-mobile/dapp-publishing/blob/main/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana mobile DApp Store<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>The Solana alternative to Google Play and the Apple App Store. A crypto first variant of a dApp store, which is open source free for everyone to use.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.apple.com/de/app-store/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apple App Store<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>The Apple app store has a high reach and is trusted by its customers. The entrance barrier for crypto games is high though. The rules are very strict for everything that tries to circumvent the fees that Apple takes for in app purchases. A soon as an NFT provides benefits for the player for example Apple requires you for example to have them purchased via their in app purchase system.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://play.google.com/store/games" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Play Store<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>Google is much more crypto friendly and games with NFTs and wallet deep links for example have had a track record of being approved for the official play store.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.backpack.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">xNFT Backpack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></td><td>Backpack is a Solana wallet which allows you to release apps as xNFTs. They appear in the users wallet as soon as they purchase them as applications. The Unity SDK has a xNFT export and any other web app can be published as xNFT as well.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/staking.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Staking"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Staking"><meta name="description" content="stake SOL and earn rewards for helping secure the network."><meta name="og:description" content="Stake SOL and earn rewards for helping secure the network. Learn more about Creating Stake Accounts, Delegate Stake, Withdraw Stake and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Staking | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.7be45709.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.4f958a15.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#kumuha-ng-mga-kasalukuyang-validator" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Kumuha ng Mga Kasalukuyang Validator"><!--[--><!--]--> Kumuha ng Mga Kasalukuyang Validator <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#gumawa-ng-stake-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Gumawa ng Stake Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Gumawa ng Stake Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#delegate-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Delegate Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> Delegate Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#kumuha-ng-delegator-ng-mga-validator" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Kumuha ng Delegator ng mga Validator"><!--[--><!--]--> Kumuha ng Delegator ng mga Validator <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#i-deactivate-ang-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="I-deactivate ang Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> I-deactivate ang Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/staking.html#i-withdraw-ang-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="I-withdraw ang Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> I-withdraw ang Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pagtataya" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagtataya" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagtataya</h1><h2 id="kumuha-ng-mga-kasalukuyang-validator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kumuha-ng-mga-kasalukuyang-validator" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kumuha ng Mga Kasalukuyang Validator</h2><p>Maaari nating i-stake ang SOL at makakuha ng mga reward para sa pagtulong sa pag-secure ng network. Para i-stake, itinatalaga namin ang SOL sa mga validator na nagpoproseso naman ng mga transaksyon.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;all validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana validators </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="gumawa-ng-stake-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gumawa-ng-stake-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gumawa ng Stake Account</h2><p>Ang lahat ng mga instruction sa staking ay pinangangasiwaan ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Upang magsimula, gumawa kami ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Account<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na ginawa at pinamamahalaan nang iba kaysa sa karaniwang [system account](accounts.md#create-a-system -account). Sa partikular, dapat nating itakda ang <code>Stake Authority</code> at <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> ng account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="delegate-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delegate-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delegate Stake</h2><p>Kapag napondohan ang isang stake account, maaaring italaga ito ng <code>Stake Authority</code> sa isang validator. Ang bawat stake account ay maaari lamang italaga sa isang validator sa isang pagkakataon. Bilang karagdagan, ang lahat ng mga token sa account ay dapat na italaga o hindi itinalaga. Kapag na-delegate, kailangan ng ilang panahon para maging aktibo ang isang stake account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="kumuha-ng-delegator-ng-mga-validator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kumuha-ng-delegator-ng-mga-validator" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kumuha ng Delegator ng mga Validator</h2><p>Maaaring na-stakes ng maraming account sa isang partikular na validator account. Para makuha ang lahat ng staker, gagamitin namin ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> o <code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API. Sumangguni sa <a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">guides section</a> para sa higit pang impormasyon. Ang mga stake account ay 200 bytes ang haba at ang Voter Public Key ay nagsisimula sa 124 bytes. <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sanggunian<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="i-deactivate-ang-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-deactivate-ang-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-deactivate ang Stake</h2><p>Sa anumang oras pagkatapos maitalaga ang isang stake account, maaaring piliin ng <code>Stake Authority</code> na i-deactivate ang account. Maaaring tumagal ng ilang panahon upang makumpleto ang pag-deactivate, at kinakailangan bago mabawi ang anumang SOL.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="i-withdraw-ang-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-withdraw-ang-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-withdraw ang Stake</h2><p>Kapag na-deactivate, ang <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> ay maaaring mag-withdraw ng SOL pabalik sa isang system account. Kapag ang isang stake account ay hindi na na-delegate at may balanseng 0 SOL, ito ay epektibong masisira.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Keypairs and Wallets"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Keypairs and Wallets"><meta name="description" content="Learn about Keypairs and Wallets, Signing and Verifying Messages and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn about Keypairs and Wallets, Signing and Verifying Messages and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Keypairs and Wallets | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.35579864.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.61911f3c.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-bumuo-ng-bagong-keypair" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano bumuo ng bagong Keypair"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano bumuo ng bagong Keypair <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-lihim" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang lihim"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang lihim <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-i-verify-ang-isang-keypair" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-verify ang isang Keypair"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-verify ang isang Keypair <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-tingnan-kung-ang-isang-pampublikong-susi-ay-may-nauugnay-na-pribadong-susi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano tingnan kung ang isang pampublikong susi ay may nauugnay na pribadong susi"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano tingnan kung ang isang pampublikong susi ay may nauugnay na pribadong susi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-bumuo-ng-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano bumuo ng isang mnemonic na parirala"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano bumuo ng isang mnemonic na parirala <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang mnemonic na parirala"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang mnemonic na parirala <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-bumuo-ng-vanity-address" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano bumuo ng vanity address"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano bumuo ng vanity address <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-mag-sign-at-mag-verify-ng-mga-mensahe-gamit-ang-mga-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-sign at mag-verify ng mga mensahe gamit ang mga wallet"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-sign at mag-verify ng mga mensahe gamit ang mga wallet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#paano-kumonekta-sa-isang-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano kumonekta sa isang wallet"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano kumonekta sa isang wallet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#react" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="React"><!--[--><!--]--> React <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#vue" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Vue"><!--[--><!--]--> Vue <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#svelte" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Svelte"><!--[--><!--]--> Svelte <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="mga-keypair-at-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-keypair-at-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Keypair at Wallets</h1><h2 id="paano-bumuo-ng-bagong-keypair" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-bumuo-ng-bagong-keypair" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano bumuo ng bagong Keypair</h2><p>Marami sa iba&#39;t ibang aksyon na maaari mong gawin sa iba&#39;t ibang Solana ang mga library ay nangangailangan ng Keypair o Wallet. Kung kumokonekta ka sa a wallet, hindi mo kailangang mag-alala. Gayunpaman, kung ikaw ay nangangailangan ng isang keypair, kakailanganin mong bumuo ng isa.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ generate_keypair.cpp -o generate_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ solana-keygen new <span class="token comment"># pubkey: 9ZNTfG4NyQgxy2SWjSiQoUyBPEvXT2xo7fKc5hPYYJ7b</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-lihim" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-lihim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang lihim</h2><p>Kung nasa iyo na ang iyong sikreto, maaari mong makuha ang iyong Keypair mula sa sikreto upang subukan ang iyong dApp.</p><ol><li>Mula sa Bytes</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ keypair_from_seed.cpp -o keypair_from_seed -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>From Base58 String</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-verify-ang-isang-keypair" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-verify-ang-isang-keypair" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-verify ang isang Keypair</h2><p>Kung bibigyan ka ng keypair, maaari mong i-verify kung ang sikreto o hindi tumutugma sa ibinigay na pampublikong susi</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ verify_keypair.cpp -o verify_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-tingnan-kung-ang-isang-pampublikong-susi-ay-may-nauugnay-na-pribadong-susi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-tingnan-kung-ang-isang-pampublikong-susi-ay-may-nauugnay-na-pribadong-susi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano tingnan kung ang isang pampublikong susi ay may nauugnay na pribadong susi</h2><p>Sa ilang mga espesyal na kaso (hal. isang Programa na Nagmula sa Address), ang mga pampublikong key ay maaaring walang pribadong key na nauugnay sa kanila. Maaari mong suriin ito sa pamamagitan ng pagtingin upang makita kung ang pampublikong susi ay nasa ed25519 curve. Tanging ang mga pampublikong key na nasa curve ang maaaring kontrolin ng mga user na may mga wallet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair.generate() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> offCurveAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>offCurveAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> errorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token comment"># Note that Keypair() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment"># Is not a valid public key</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;solana_sdk.h&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair::new() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-bumuo-ng-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-bumuo-ng-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano bumuo ng isang mnemonic na parirala</h2><p>Kung gumagawa ka ng wallet, kakailanganin mong bumuo ng mnemonic na parirala upang mai-save ito ng user bilang backup.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-ibalik-ang-isang-keypair-mula-sa-isang-mnemonic-na-parirala" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano ibalik ang isang Keypair mula sa isang mnemonic na parirala</h2><p>Maraming mga extension ng wallet ang gumagamit ng mnemonics upang kumatawan sa kanilang mga lihim na key. Maaari mong i-convert ang mnemonic sa Keypairs para sa lokal na pagsubok.</p><ol><li>BIP39 - paggawa ng isang wallet</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5ZWj7a1f8tWkjBESHKgrLmXshuXxqeY9SYcfbshpAqPG</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>BIP44 (maraming wallet, kilala rin na HD wallet)</li></ol><p>Maaari kang gumawa ng maraming wallet mula sa iisang binhi - kilala rin bilang &#39;Hierarchical Deterministic wallet&#39; o HD wallet:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> HDKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;micro-ed25519-hdkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hd <span class="token operator">=</span> HDKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMasterSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">derive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>privateKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-bumuo-ng-vanity-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-bumuo-ng-vanity-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano bumuo ng vanity address</h2><p>Ang mga vanity publickey, o mga custom na address ay mga susi na nagsimula sa tiyak na mga karakter. Halimbawa, maaaring gusto ng isang tao ang isang publickey magsimula sa &quot;elv1s&quot;, o maaaring &quot;magluto&quot;. Makakatulong ang mga ito sa ibang tao tandaan kung kanino ang susi, na ginagawang mas madaling matukoy ang susi.</p><p>Tandaan: Kung mas maraming character sa iyong vanity address, mas tatagal ito kunin.</p><p>::: babala Dapat mo lang gamitin ang CLI para sa gawaing ito. Ang mga halimbawa ng Python at TypeScript ay para sa mga layuning paglalarawan at mas mabagal kaysa sa CLI. :::</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ vanity_keypair.cpp -o vanity_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-mag-sign-at-mag-verify-ng-mga-mensahe-gamit-ang-mga-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-sign-at-mag-verify-ng-mga-mensahe-gamit-ang-mga-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-sign at mag-verify ng mga mensahe gamit ang mga wallet</h2><p>Ang pangunahing function ng keypair ay ang pag-sign ng mga mensahe at paganahin pagpapatunay ng pirma. Ang pagpapatunay ng isang pirma ay nagpapahintulot ang tatanggap upang matiyak na ang data ay nilagdaan ng may-ari ng a tiyak na pribadong key.</p><p>Para magawa ito, ii-import namin ang <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> crypto library.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> decodeUTF8 <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl-util&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-kumonekta-sa-isang-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-kumonekta-sa-isang-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano kumonekta sa isang wallet</h2><p>Pinapadali ng mga library ng <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">wallet-adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ni Solana na pamahalaan ang mga koneksyon sa wallet sa panig ng kliyente.</p><h3 id="react" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#react" aria-hidden="true">#</a> React</h3><p>Patakbuhin ang sumusunod na command upang i-install ang mga kinakailangang dependencies:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallet </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Ang mga library ng React wallet-adapter ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin na magpatuloy at ma-access ang mga estado ng koneksyon ng wallet sa pamamagitan ng mga hook at Context provider, ibig sabihin, <code>useWallet</code>, <code>WalletProvider</code>, <code>useConnection</code>, at <code>ConnectionProvider</code>. Ang React App ay dapat na balot ng <code>WalletProvider</code> at <code>ConnectionProvider</code>.</p><p>Bukod pa rito, maaari nating hikayatin ang mga user na kumonekta sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng <code>useWalletModal</code> upang i-toggle ang visibility ng modal ng koneksyon at ibalot din ang App gamit ang <code>WalletModalProvider</code> mula sa <code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code>. Hahawakan ng connection modal ang daloy ng koneksyon na iyon para sa atin, para makinig lang tayo kapag may kumonekta na wallet. Alam nating nakakonekta ang wallet kapag ang tugon ng <code>useWallet</code> ay may hindi null na <code>wallet</code> na property. Vice versa, kung null ang property na iyon, alam natin na disconnected ang wallet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useMemo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PropsWithChildren <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletModalProvider <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletAdapterNetwork <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWalletModal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> MouseEventHandler <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Web3Provider<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PropsWithChildren<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Can be set to &#39;devnet&#39;, &#39;testnet&#39;, or &#39;mainnet-beta&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> endpoint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WalletAdapterNetwork<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Devnet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets includes all the adapters but supports tree shaking --</span> <span class="token comment">// Only the wallets you configure here will be compiled into your application</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">endpoint</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>endpoint<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">wallets</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * Make sure to wrap the App with * ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, and WalletModalProvider. * * If you have a lot of Providers already, you can combine them * into a single wrapper (i.e. Web3Provider) instead. */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">App</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AppChild</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">AppChild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Display the connection modal</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt user to connect wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>Patakbuhin ang sumusunod na command upang i-install ang mga kinakailangang dependencies:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Ang <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Wallets Vue<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> plugin ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin na magsimula ng wallet store at lumikha ng bagong <code>$wallet</code> na pandaigdigang property na maa-access sa loob ng anumang bahagi. Ang lahat ng mga katangian at pamamaraan na makukuha mo mula sa <code>useWallet()</code> ay ipinapakita <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Nag-i-import at nagre-render din kami ng bahagi ng WalletMultiButton upang payagan ang mga user na pumili ng wallet at kumonekta dito.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Vue</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> initWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">wallets</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">initWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connected<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>connected<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Wallet with public key {{ wallet.publicKey }} successfully connected! <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-else</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>Patakbuhin ang sumusunod na command upang i-install ang mga kinakailangang dependencies:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Ang <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> package ay nagbibigay-daan upang magdagdag ng Svelte Store (<code>$walletStore</code>) na maa-access sa lahat ng JS, TS o/at Svelte file sa loob ng isang proyektong ginawa gamit ang Svelte Template o SvelteKit. Gamit ang repo reference <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> maaari mong gamitin ang adapter para sa SSR o SPA. Ang UI package ay naglalaman ng <code>&lt;WalletMultiButton /&gt;</code> component upang payagan ang mga user na pumili ng wallet para kumonekta dito.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Svelte</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletMultiButton<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SolflareWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> localStorageKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;walletAdapter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// localhost or mainnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SolflareWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{localStorageKey}</span> <span class="token attr-name">{wallets}</span> <span class="token attr-name">autoConnect</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>ConnectionProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{network}</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Account References"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Account References"><meta name="description" content="Learn more about accounts on Solana and how to use them in your programs."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn more about accounts on Solana and how to use them in your programs."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.f6ab334e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.5ae3ae45.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#how-to-create-a-system-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create a system account"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create a system account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-kalkulahin-ang-halaga-ng-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano kalkulahin ang halaga ng account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano kalkulahin ang halaga ng account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-gumawa-ng-mga-account-gamit-ang-mga-buto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng mga account gamit ang mga buto"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng mga account gamit ang mga buto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#bumuo" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bumuo"><!--[--><!--]--> Bumuo <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#create" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create"><!--[--><!--]--> Create <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#transfer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transfer"><!--[--><!--]--> Transfer <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-gumawa-ng-mga-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng mga PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng mga PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#bumuo-ng-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bumuo ng PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Bumuo ng PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#gumawa-ng-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Gumawa ng PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Gumawa ng PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-mag-sign-gamit-ang-isang-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-sign gamit ang isang PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-sign gamit ang isang PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#programa-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Programa"><!--[--><!--]--> Programa <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#client-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Client"><!--[--><!--]--> Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-makakuha-ng-mga-program-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng mga program account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng mga program account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-isara-ang-mga-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano isara ang mga account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano isara ang mga account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/accounts.html#paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-sa-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng balanse sa account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng balanse sa account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><h2 id="how-to-create-a-system-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-a-system-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create a system account</h2><p>Gumawa ng account na pagmamay-ari ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ang Solana runtime ay magbibigay sa may-ari ng isang account, ng access sa sumulat sa data nito o maglipat ng mga laport. Kapag gumagawa ng account, kailangan nating maglaan ng isang nakapirming espasyo sa imbakan sa mga byte (<code>space</code>) at sapat na laport para mabayaran ang renta. Ang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay isang gastos na natamo upang mapanatiling buhay ang mga account sa Solana.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// amount of space to reserve for the account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-kalkulahin-ang-halaga-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-kalkulahin-ang-halaga-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano kalkulahin ang halaga ng account</h2><p>Ang pagpapanatiling buhay ng mga account sa Solana ay nagkakaroon ng halaga ng storage na tinatawag na <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">renta<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ang isang account ay maaaring gawing ganap na exempt mula sa koleksyon ng upa sa pamamagitan ng pagdeposito ng hindi bababa sa dalawang taong halaga ng upa. Para sa pagkalkula, kailangan mong isaalang-alang ang dami ng data na balak mong iimbak sa account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;rent exemption amount: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana rent <span class="token number">1500</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-gumawa-ng-mga-account-gamit-ang-mga-buto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-mga-account-gamit-ang-mga-buto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng mga account gamit ang mga buto</h2><p>Maaari mong gamitin ang <code>createAccountWithSeed</code> upang pamahalaan ang iyong mga account sa halip na gumawa ng grupo ng iba&#39;t ibang keypair.</p><h3 id="bumuo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bumuo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bumuo</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="create" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating account with seed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transfer</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Tanging isang account na pagmamay-ari ng system program ang maaaring ilipat sa pamamagitan ng system program.</p></div><h2 id="paano-gumawa-ng-mga-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-mga-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng mga PDA</h2><p>Ang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program derived address (PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay tulad ng isang normal na address na may mga sumusunod na pagkakaiba:</p><ol><li>Bumagsak sa ed25519 curve</li><li>Paggamit ng program para mag-sign sa halip na pribadong key</li></ol><p><strong>Tandaan</strong>: Ang mga PDA account ay maaari lamang gawin sa programa. Ang address ay maaaring gawin sa panig ng kliyente.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Bagama&#39;t ang PDA ay hinango ng isang program id, hindi ito nangangahulugan na ang PDA ay pagmamay-ari ng parehong programa. (Kumuha ng halimbawa, maaari mong simulan ang iyong PDA bilang isang token account na isang account na pagmamay-ari ng token program)</p></div><h3 id="bumuo-ng-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bumuo-ng-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bumuo ng PDA</h3><p>Ang <code>findProgramAddress</code> ay magdaragdag ng karagdagang byte sa dulo ng iyong seed. Nagsisimula ito sa 255 hanggang 0 at ibinabalik ang unang off-curve na pampublikong key. Palagi kang makakakuha ng parehong resulta kung pumasa ka sa parehong program id at binhi.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span> <span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is [&quot;test&quot; + bump]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pda: {}, bump: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="gumawa-ng-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gumawa-ng-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gumawa ng PDA</h3><p>Nasa ibaba ang isang halimbawa ng programa para sa paglikha ng isang PDA account na pagmamay-ari ng programa at isang halimbawa para sa pagtawag sa programa kasama ang kliyente.</p><h4 id="programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programa</h4><p>Ang nasa ibaba ay nagpapakita ng iisang instruction na <code>system_instruction::create_account</code> na lumilikha ng account na may nakalaan na laki ng data na <code>space</code>, <code>rent_lamports</code> na halaga ng mga lampor para sa nagmula na PDA. Ito ay nilagdaan gamit ang PDA gamit ang <code>invoke_signed</code> katulad ng tinalakay sa itaas.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// find space and minimum rent required for account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-mag-sign-gamit-ang-isang-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-sign-gamit-ang-isang-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-sign gamit ang isang PDA</h2><p>Ang mga PDA ay maaari lamang pirmahan sa loob ng programa. Nasa ibaba ang isang programa halimbawa ng pagpirma sa isang PDA at pagtawag sa programa kasama ang kliyente.</p><h3 id="programa-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programa-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programa</h3><p>Ang ibaba ay nagpapakita ng isang pagtuturo na naglilipat ng SOL mula sa isang PDA na ay hinango ng binhing <code>escrow</code> sa isang account na naipasa. Ang <code>invoke_signed</code> ay ginamit upang pumirma sa PDA.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// pass bump seed for saving compute budget</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump_seed <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="client-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pdaAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pdaAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random `to`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">receiver: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-mga-program-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-mga-program-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng mga program account</h2><p>Ibalik ang lahat ng account na pagmamay-ari ng isang programa. Sumangguni sa <a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">seksyon ng mga gabay</a> para sa higit pang impormasyon sa <code>getProgramAccounts</code> at ang configuration nito.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U: [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 229 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;accounts for {}, {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;:&quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;:[&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;]} &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output</span> <span class="token comment"># {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;,&quot;result&quot;:[{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:228},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd&quot;},{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:229},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:1}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-isara-ang-mga-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-isara-ang-mga-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano isara ang mga account</h2><p>Maaari mong isara ang isang account (burahin ang lahat ng nakaimbak na data) sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis ng lahat ng SOL. (maaari kang sumangguni sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">renta<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para sa higit pang impormasyon)</p><h4 id="programa-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programa-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programa</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to deploy your program first</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> newAccountKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">new account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">create account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createNewAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">close account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>closeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-sa-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-sa-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng balanse sa account</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The account {}, has {} SOL &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;balance = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> balance <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Kung gusto mong makakuha ng balanse ng token, kakailanganin mong malaman ang address ng token account. Para sa higit pang impormasyon, tingnan ang <a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="">Token References</a></p></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Solana Program References"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Solana Program References"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to write programs on Solana, with references on cross program invocation, reading accounts, and more"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to write programs on Solana, with references on cross program invocation, reading accounts, and more"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Writing Programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.a2b54a7a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.3c48317e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-maglipat-ng-sol-sa-isang-programa" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano maglipat ng SOL sa isang programa"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano maglipat ng SOL sa isang programa <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-makakuha-ng-orasan-sa-isang-programa" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng orasan sa isang programa"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng orasan sa isang programa <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#pagpasa-ng-orasan-bilang-isang-account-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagpasa ng Orasan bilang isang account sa loob ng isang pagtuturo"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagpasa ng Orasan bilang isang account sa loob ng isang pagtuturo <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#pag-access-sa-orasan-nang-direkta-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pag-access sa Orasan nang direkta sa loob ng isang pagtuturo"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-access sa Orasan nang direkta sa loob ng isang pagtuturo <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-baguhin-ang-laki-ng-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano baguhin ang laki ng account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano baguhin ang laki ng account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-gawin-ang-cross-program-invocation" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gawin ang Cross Program Invocation"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gawin ang Cross Program Invocation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-gumawa-ng-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-magbasa-ng-mga-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magbasa ng mga account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magbasa ng mga account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-i-verify-ang-mga-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-verify ang mga account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-verify ang mga account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/programs.html#paano-magbasa-ng-maraming-instruction-mula-sa-isang-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magbasa ng maraming instruction mula sa isang transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magbasa ng maraming instruction mula sa isang transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="mga-programa-sa-pagsusulat" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-programa-sa-pagsusulat" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Programa sa Pagsusulat</h1><h2 id="paano-maglipat-ng-sol-sa-isang-programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-maglipat-ng-sol-sa-isang-programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano maglipat ng SOL sa isang programa</h2><p>Ang iyong Solana Program ay maaaring maglipat ng mga lampor mula sa isang account patungo sa isa pa nang walang &#39;invoking&#39; ang System program. Ang pangunahing tuntunin ay iyon ang iyong programa ay maaaring maglipat ng mga lampor mula sa anumang account <strong>pagmamay-ari</strong> ng iyong programa sa anumang account sa lahat.</p><p>Ang recipient account <em>ay hindi kailangang</em> isang account na pagmamay-ari ng iyong programa.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span> <span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span> <span class="token comment">/// to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the &#39;from&#39; and &#39;to&#39; accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extract a service &#39;fee&#39; of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span> <span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span> <span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-orasan-sa-isang-programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-orasan-sa-isang-programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng orasan sa isang programa</h2><p>Ang pagkuha ng orasan ay maaaring gawin sa dalawang paraan</p><ol><li>Pagpasa ng <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> sa isang instruction</li><li>Pag-access sa Orasan nang direkta sa loob ng isang pagtuturo.</li></ol><p>Nakakatuwang malaman ang parehong mga pamamaraan, dahil inaasahan pa rin ng ilang legacy na programa ang <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> bilang isang account.</p><h3 id="pagpasa-ng-orasan-bilang-isang-account-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagpasa-ng-orasan-bilang-isang-account-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagpasa ng Orasan bilang isang account sa loob ng isang pagtuturo</h3><p>Gumawa tayo ng pagtuturo na tumatanggap ng account para sa pagsisimula at ang sysvar pubkey</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Clock sys var</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Clock sysvar</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> sysvar_clock_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ngayon ipinapasa namin ang sysvar pampublikong address ng orasan sa pamamagitan ng kliyente</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="pag-access-sa-orasan-nang-direkta-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-access-sa-orasan-nang-direkta-sa-loob-ng-isang-pagtuturo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-access sa Orasan nang direkta sa loob ng isang pagtuturo</h3><p>Gumawa tayo ng parehong pagtuturo, ngunit hindi inaasahan ang <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> mula sa panig ng kliyente.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting clock directly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ang instruction sa client-side, ngayon ay kailangan lamang na ipasa ang mga account ng estado at nagbabayad.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-baguhin-ang-laki-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-baguhin-ang-laki-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano baguhin ang laki ng account</h2><p>Maaari mong baguhin ang laki ng account na pagmamay-ari ng program gamit ang paggamit ng <code>realloc</code>. Maaaring i-resize ng <code>realloc</code> ang isang account hanggang 10KB. Kapag gumamit ka ng <code>realloc</code> upang palakihin ang laki ng isang account, kailangan mong maglipat ng mga lampara upang mapanatili ang account na iyon rent-exempt.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Length = BOOL + VEC + Pubkey * n (n = number of keys)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;input: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AddKey</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;AddKey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-gawin-ang-cross-program-invocation" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gawin-ang-cross-program-invocation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gawin ang Cross Program Invocation</h2><p>Ang isang cross program invocation, ay simpleng pagtawag sa isa pa pagtuturo ng programa sa loob ng aming programa. Isang pinakamagandang halimbawa ang ilalabas ay ang <code>swap</code> functionality ng Uniswap. Ang Ang kontrata ng <code>UniswapV2Router</code>, ay tumatawag sa kinakailangang lohika sa swap, at tinatawagan ang function ng paglilipat ng kontrata ng <code>ERC20</code> upang magpalit mula sa isang tao patungo sa isa pa. Sa parehong paraan, kaya natin tumawag sa pagtuturo ng isang programa upang magkaroon ng maraming layunin.</p><p>Tingnan natin ang aming unang halimbawa na kung saan ay ang <code>Paglipat ng SPL Token Program</code> na pagtuturo. Ang kinakailangan ang mga account na kakailanganin namin para mangyari ang paglilipat ay</p><ol><li>Ang Source Token Account (Ang account na hawak namin ng aming mga token)</li><li>Ang Destination Token Account (Ang account kung saan namin ililipat ang aming mga token)</li><li>Ang May-ari ng Source Token Account (Ang aming wallet address kung saan kami pipirmahan)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder&#39;s PubKey</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account to send to</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> destination_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Our wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account_holder <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Result&lt;Instruction, ProgramError&gt;) Ok(Instruction { program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER accounts, data, }) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><br> Ang kaukulang instruction ng kliyente ay ang mga sumusunod. Para sa pag-alam sa mga instruction sa paggawa ng mint at token, mangyaring sumangguni sa buong code sa malapit. <br><br><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> u64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint and token accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Numbers</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for mint account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createMintAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> mintRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> mintDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing mint with decimals and authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeMintIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mintAuthority</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freezeAuthority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for source token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMintToInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for destination token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (transfer)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createMintAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeMintIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ngayon tingnan natin ang isa pang halimbawa, na pagtuturo ng <code>System Program&#39;s create_account</code>. Mayroong kaunting pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng nabanggit na pagtuturo at ito. Doon, hindi na namin kinailangang ipasa ang <code>token_program</code> bilang isa sa mga account sa loob ng function na <code>invoke</code>. Gayunpaman, may mga pagbubukod kung saan kailangan mong ipasa ang <code>program_id</code> ng invoking instruction. Sa aming kaso, ito ang magiging program_id ng <code>System Program&#39;s</code>. (&quot;1111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;). Kaya ngayon ang mga kinakailangang account ay magiging</p><ol><li>Ang account ng nagbabayad na nagpopondo sa upa</li><li>Ang account na gagawin</li><li>Account ng System Program</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>create_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Payer account for the state account creation</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> general_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Creating account for {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Instruction) Instruction::new_with_bincode( system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER &amp;SystemInstruction::CreateAccount { lamports, space, owner: *owner, }, account_metas, ) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issused program_id)</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ang kaukulang client side code ay magiging ganito ang hitsura</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-gumawa-ng-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng PDA</h2><p>Ang Programa Derived Address ay simpleng account na pagmamay-ari ng program, ngunit walang pribadong key. Sa halip, ang pirma nito ay nakuha sa pamamagitan ng isang hanay ng mga buto at isang paga (isang nonce na tinitiyak na ito ay off curve). Ang &quot;<strong>Pagbuo</strong>&quot; ng Programa Address ay iba sa &quot;<strong>paggawa</strong>&quot; nito. Maaaring bumuo ng PDA gamit ang <code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code>. Ang paglikha ng isang PDA ay mahalagang nangangahulugang simulan ang address na may espasyo at itakda ang estado dito. Ang isang normal na Keypair account ay maaaring gawin sa labas ng aming programa at pagkatapos ay i-feed upang simulan ang estado nito. Sa kasamaang palad, para sa mga PDA, ito ay ginawa sa kadena, dahil sa likas na katangian ng hindi makapag-sign sa ngalan ng sarili nito. Kaya&#39;t ginagamit namin ang <code>invoke_signed</code> upang maipasa ang mga binhi ng PDA, kasama ang lagda ng account sa pagpopondo na nagreresulta sa paglikha ng account ng isang PDA.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Funding account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] PDA account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting required accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting PDA Bump from instruction data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if passed PDA and expected PDA are equal</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Assessing required lamports and creating transaction instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Invoking the instruction but with PDAs as additional signer</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setting state for PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>One can send the required accounts via client as follows</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdop to Payer</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">PDA Pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Created PDA successfully. Tx Hash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magbasa-ng-mga-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magbasa-ng-mga-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magbasa ng mga account</h2><p>Halos lahat ng mga instruction sa Solana ay mangangailangan ng hindi bababa sa 2 - 3 account, at babanggitin ang mga ito sa mga tagapangasiwa ng instruction kung anong pagkakasunud-sunod ang inaasahan sa mga hanay ng mga account na iyon. Ito ay medyo simple kung sasamantalahin natin ang paraan ng <code>iter()</code> sa Rust, sa halip na manu-manong ipahiwatig ang mga account. Ang pamamaraang <code>next_account_info</code> ay karaniwang hinihiwa ang unang index ng iterable at ibinabalik ang account na nasa loob ng array ng mga account. Tingnan natin ang isang simpleng pagtuturo na umaasa sa isang grupo ng mga account at nangangailangang i-parse ang bawat isa sa kanila.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Rent account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-verify-ang-mga-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-verify-ang-mga-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-verify ang mga account</h2><p>Dahil ang mga programa sa Solana ay stateless, kami bilang isang tagalikha ng programa ay kailangang tiyakin na ang mga account na naipasa ay napatunayan hangga&#39;t maaari upang maiwasan ang anumang malisyosong account entry. Ang mga pangunahing pagsusuri na maaaring gawin ng isa ay</p><ol><li>Suriin kung ang inaasahang signer account ay aktwal na naka-sign</li><li>Suriin kung ang inaasahang account ng estado ay nasuri bilang nasusulat</li><li>Suriin kung ang inaasahang may-ari ng state account ay ang tinatawag na program id</li><li>Kung sinisimulan ang estado sa unang pagkakataon, tingnan kung nasimulan na ang account o hindi.</li><li>Suriin kung anumang mga cross program id na naipasa (kapag kinakailangan) ay tulad ng inaasahan.</li></ol><p>Ang isang pangunahing instruction na nagpapasimula ng isang hero state account, ngunit sa mga nabanggit na pagsusuri ay tinukoy sa ibaba</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magbasa-ng-maraming-instruction-mula-sa-isang-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magbasa-ng-maraming-instruction-mula-sa-isang-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magbasa ng maraming instruction mula sa isang transaksyon</h2><p>Pinapayagan kami ng Solana na silipin ang lahat ng mga instruction sa kasalukuyang transaksyon. Maaari nating iimbak ang mga ito sa isang variable at umulit sa kanila. Marami tayong magagawa dito, tulad ng pagsuri para sa mga kahina-hinalang transaksyon.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sysvar<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">serialize_utils<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>read_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_u16<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">cookbook</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">read_multiple_instruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creator_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> program_id <span class="token operator">!=</span> id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction had ix with program id {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(creator_bump:u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(address = sysvar::instructions::id())]</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;No instructions found&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Suspicious transaction detected&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/local-development.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Local Development"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Local Development"><meta name="description" content="Setup Local Validator for local developer environment and Airdrop SOL. Learn about Local Development and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Setup Local Validator and Airdrop SOL for building on Solana Locally. Learn about Local Development and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Local Development | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.0592ee0b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.94d5f03d.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#pagsisimula-ng-lokal-na-validator" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagsisimula ng Lokal na Validator"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagsisimula ng Lokal na Validator <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#kumokonekta-sa-mga-environment" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Kumokonekta sa Mga Environment"><!--[--><!--]--> Kumokonekta sa Mga Environment <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#pag-subscribe-sa-mga-kaganapan" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pag-subscribe sa Mga Kaganapan"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-subscribe sa Mga Kaganapan <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#pagkuha-ng-test-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagkuha ng Test SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagkuha ng Test SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#paggamit-ng-mainnet-accounts-at-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paggamit ng Mainnet Accounts at Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Paggamit ng Mainnet Accounts at Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#paano-mag-load-ng-mga-account-mula-sa-mainnet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-load ng mga account mula sa mainnet"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-load ng mga account mula sa mainnet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/local-development.html#paano-mag-load-ng-mga-programa-mula-sa-mainnet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-load ng mga programa mula sa mainnet"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-load ng mga programa mula sa mainnet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="lokal-na-pag-gawa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lokal-na-pag-gawa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lokal na Pag-gawa</h1><h2 id="pagsisimula-ng-lokal-na-validator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsisimula-ng-lokal-na-validator" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsisimula ng Lokal na Validator</h2><p>Ang pagsubok sa iyong program code nang lokal ay maaaring maging mas maaasahan kaysa pagsubok sa devnet, at makakatulong sa iyong subukan bago ito subukan sa devnet.</p><p>Maaari mong i-setup ang iyong local-test-validator sa pamamagitan ng pag-install ng <a href="/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="">solana tool suite</a> at tumatakbo</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Ang mga pakinabang ng paggamit ng local-test-validator ay kinabibilangan ng:</p><ul><li>Walang mga limitasyon sa rate ng RPC</li><li>Walang limitasyon sa airdrop</li><li>Direktang on-chain program deployment (<code>--bpf-program ...</code>)</li><li>I-clone ang mga account mula sa isang pampublikong cluster, kabilang ang mga programa (<code>--clone ...</code>)</li><li>Nako-configure ang pagpapanatili ng kasaysayan ng transaksyon (<code>--limit-ledger-size ...</code>)</li><li>Nako-configure na haba ng panahon (<code>--slots-per-epoch ...</code>)</li><li>Tumalon sa isang arbitrary slot (<code>--warp-slot ...</code>)</li></ul><h2 id="kumokonekta-sa-mga-environment" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kumokonekta-sa-mga-environment" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kumokonekta sa Mga Environment</h2><p>Kapag nagtatrabaho ka sa pagbuo ng Solana, kakailanganin mong kumonekta sa isang partikular na endpoint ng RPC API. May 3 pampublikong pag-gawa ang Solana environment:</p><ul><li>mainnet-beta https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</li><li>devnet https://api.devnet.solana.com</li><li>testnet https://api.testnet.solana.com</li></ul><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Sa wakas, maaari ka ring kumonekta sa isang pribadong kumpol, alinman sa isang lokal o tumatakbo nang malayuan kasama ang mga sumusunod:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// This will connect you to your local validator</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="pag-subscribe-sa-mga-kaganapan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-subscribe-sa-mga-kaganapan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-subscribe sa Mga Kaganapan</h2><p>Nagbibigay ang mga websocket ng interface ng pub/sub kung saan maaari kang makinig sa ilang partikular na kaganapan. Sa halip na i-ping ang isang tipikal na HTTP endpoint sa isang agwat upang makakuha ng madalas na mga update, maaari mo na lang matanggap ang mga update na iyon kapag nangyari ang mga ito.</p><p>Ang web3 ni Solana <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>Connection</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sa ilalim ng hood ay bumubuo ng endpoint ng websocket at nagrerehistro ng websocket client kapag gumawa ka ng bagong ` Halimbawa ng koneksyon (tingnan ang source code <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js/blob/45923ca00e4cc1ed079d8e55ecbee83e5b4dc174/src/connection.ts#L2100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>).</p><p>Ang klase ng <code>Connection</code> ay naglalantad ng mga pub/sub na pamamaraan - lahat sila ay nagsisimula sa <code>on</code>, tulad ng mga emitter ng kaganapan. Kapag tinawag mo ang mga pamamaraan ng listener na ito, nagrerehistro ito ng bagong subscription sa websocket client ng instance na <code>Connection</code> na iyon. Ang halimbawang paraan ng pub/sub na ginagamit namin sa ibaba ay <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#onAccountChange" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>onAccountChange</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ibibigay ng callback ang na-update na data ng estado sa pamamagitan ng mga argumento (tingnan ang <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/modules.html#AccountChangeCallback" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>AccountChangeCallback</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> bilang isang halimbawa).</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> asyncio <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>websocket_api <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> asyncio<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ on_account_change.cpp -o on_account_change -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubsub_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ws_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscription<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> subscription<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful, listening for events&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>thread<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">spawn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">move</span> <span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Waiting for a message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Connection broke with {:}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Errooooor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="pagkuha-ng-test-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagkuha-ng-test-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagkuha ng Test SOL</h2><p>Kapag nagtatrabaho ka nang lokal, kailangan mo ng ilang SOL para makapagpadala mga transaksyon. Sa mga hindi mainnet na environment maaari kang makatanggap ng SOL sa pamamagitan ng i-airdrop ito sa iyong address</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ request_airdrop.cpp -o request_airdrop -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># Return</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;1 SOL&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paggamit-ng-mainnet-accounts-at-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paggamit-ng-mainnet-accounts-at-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paggamit ng Mainnet Accounts at Programs</h2><p>Kadalasan, umaasa ang mga lokal na pagsubok sa mga programa at account na available lang sa mainnet. Ang Solana CLI ay nagbibigay-daan sa parehong:</p><ul><li>Mag-download ng Mga Programa at Account</li><li>Mag-load ng Mga Programa at Account sa isang lokal na validator</li></ul><h3 id="paano-mag-load-ng-mga-account-mula-sa-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-load-ng-mga-account-mula-sa-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-load ng mga account mula sa mainnet</h3><p>Posibleng i-download ang SRM token mint account para mag-file:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana account -u &lt;source cluster&gt; --output &lt;output format&gt; --output-file &lt;destination file name/path&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt;</span> solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ang paglo-load nito sa iyong localnet ay ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng pagpasa sa file ng account at patutunguhang address (sa lokal na cluster) kapag sinimulan ang validator:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --account &lt;address to load the account to&gt; &lt;path to account file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paano-mag-load-ng-mga-programa-mula-sa-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-load-ng-mga-programa-mula-sa-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-load ng mga programa mula sa mainnet</h3><p>Katulad nito, posibleng i-download ang Serum Dex v3 program:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana program dump -u &lt;source cluster&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt; &lt;destination file name/path&gt;</span> solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ang paglo-load nito sa iyong localnet ay tapos na sa pamamagitan ng pagpasa sa file ng programa at patutunguhang address (sa lokal na kumpol) kapag sinimulan ang validator:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;address to load the program to&gt; &lt;path to program file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/nfts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | NFTs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | NFTs"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to get NFT metadata, get NFT owners, mint NFTs on Solana, and more"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to get NFT metadata, get NFT owners, mint NFTs on Solana, and more"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>NFTs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.8ab155e7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.75a819e1.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-lumikha-ng-isang-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano lumikha ng isang NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano lumikha ng isang NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#i-upload-sa-arweave" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="I-upload sa Arweave"><!--[--><!--]--> I-upload sa Arweave <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#mint-ang-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mint ang NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> Mint ang NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makakuha-ng-nft-metadata" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng NFT Metadata"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng NFT Metadata <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makuha-ang-may-ari-ng-isang-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makuha ang may-ari ng isang NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makuha ang may-ari ng isang NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makakuha-ng-nft-mint-address" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng NFT Mint Address"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng NFT Mint Address <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V1"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V1 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v2" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V2"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V2 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makukuha-ang-lahat-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makukuha ang lahat ng NFT mula sa isang wallet?"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makukuha ang lahat ng NFT mula sa isang wallet? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v2-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine v2"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine v2 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-gumawa-ng-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#how-to-delete-a-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to delete a Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> How to delete a Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-sa-pamamagitan-ng-awtoridad" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine sa pamamagitan ng awtoridad"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine sa pamamagitan ng awtoridad <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-ng-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine gamit ang address ng wallet"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine gamit ang address ng wallet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-mahahanap-ang-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-nito" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mahahanap ang Candy Machine gamit ang address nito"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mahahanap ang Candy Machine gamit ang address nito <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#how-to-find-minted-nfts-from-a-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to find minted NFTs from a Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> How to find minted NFTs from a Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#how-to-insert-items-into-a-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to insert items into a Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> How to insert items into a Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/nfts.html#paano-mag-mint-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-mint ng NFT mula sa isang Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-mint ng NFT mula sa isang Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="non-fungible-token-nfts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#non-fungible-token-nfts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Non Fungible Token (NFTs)</h1><h2 id="paano-lumikha-ng-isang-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-lumikha-ng-isang-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano lumikha ng isang NFT</h2><p>Upang lumikha ng isang NFT kailangan mong:</p><ol><li>I-upload ang larawan sa IPFS tulad ng Arweave</li><li>I-upload ang json metadata sa IPFS tulad ng Arweave</li><li>Tumawag sa metaplex para gumawa ng account para sa NFT</li></ol><h3 id="i-upload-sa-arweave" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-upload-sa-arweave" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-upload sa Arweave</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> fs <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> Arweave <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> arweave <span class="token operator">=</span> Arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> host<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave.net&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">443</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> protocol<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> logging<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;imageUrl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">symbol</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> external_url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> trait_type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> collection<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> family<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> properties<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> files<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> category<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creators<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> image<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;metadata txid&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arweave_lib <span class="token keyword">import</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> API_URL <span class="token keyword">import</span> json <span class="token comment"># Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload image to Arweave</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># Define metadata</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;symbol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;seller_fee_basis_points&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;external_url&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;attributes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;trait_type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;properties&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;files&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;uri&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;category&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;maxSupply&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;creators&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;share&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment"># 1. Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 2. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># 3. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="mint-ang-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mint-ang-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mint ang NFT</h3><p>Kung na-upload mo na ang larawan at metadata, maaari kang mag-mint ang NFT na may sumusunod na code.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> dotenv <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;dotenv&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> dotenv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">SOLANA_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintNFTResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Tandaan</p><p>Hindi ka makakagawa ng NFT na may ibang tagalikha kaysa sa iyong wallet. Kung magkakaroon ka ng mga isyu sa creator, tiyaking inilista ka ng iyong metadata bilang lumikha.</p></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-nft-metadata" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-nft-metadata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng NFT Metadata</h2><p>Ang mga Metaplex NFT ay may metadata na nakaimbak sa Arweave. Sa pagkakasunud-sunod para makuha ang Arweave metadata, dapat mong makuha ang Metaplex PDA at i-decode ang data ng account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { name: &#39;SMB #139&#39;, symbol: &#39;SMB&#39;, description: &#39;SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.&#39;, seller_fee_basis_points: 600, image: &#39;https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q&#39;, external_url: &#39;https://solanamonkey.business/&#39;, collection: { name: &#39;SMB Gen2&#39;, family: &#39;SMB&#39; }, attributes: [ { trait_type: &#39;Attributes Count&#39;, value: 2 }, { trait_type: &#39;Type&#39;, value: &#39;Solana&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Clothes&#39;, value: &#39;Orange Shirt&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Ears&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Mouth&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Eyes&#39;, value: &#39;Cool Glasses&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Hat&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; } ], properties: { files: [ [Object], [Object] ], category: &#39;image&#39;, creators: [ [Object] ] } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makuha-ang-may-ari-ng-isang-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makuha-ang-may-ari-ng-isang-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makuha ang may-ari ng isang NFT</h2><p>Kung mayroon kang mint key ng isang NFT, mahahanap mo ang kasalukuyang may-ari nito sa pamamagitan ng sneak-peeking sa pinakamalaking token account para sa mint key na iyon.</p><p>Tandaan na ang mga NFT ay may supply na 1, at sila ay hindi mahahati, ibig sabihin, isang token account lang ang hahawak ng token na iyon kahit saan punto sa oras, habang ang lahat ng iba pang mga token account para sa mint key na iyon may balanseng 0.</p><p>Kapag natukoy na ang pinakamalaking token account, maaari nating makuha ang may-ari nito.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9&gt; } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-nft-mint-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-nft-mint-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng NFT Mint Address</h2><p>Kung alam mo ang pampublikong key ng Candy Machine, maaari mong makuha ang listahan ng lahat ng NFT mint address na nabuo mula sa Candy Machine na iyon gamit ang sumusunod na code. Tandaan na maaari nating gamitin ang sumusunod na <code>memcmp</code> na filter dahil, sa v1, ang unang gumawa ay palaging ang address ng Candy Machine.</p><h3 id="candy-machine-v1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V1</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="candy-machine-v2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V2</h3><p>Kung gumagamit ka ng Candy Machine v2, kakailanganin mo munang i-access ang &quot;Candy Machine Creator&quot; address nito na isang simpleng PDA gamit ang <code>candy_machine</code> at ang Candy Machine v2 address bilang mga buto. Kapag mayroon ka na ng address ng tagalikha, magagamit mo ito sa parehong paraan na ginamit namin para sa v1.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makukuha-ang-lahat-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makukuha-ang-lahat-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makukuha ang lahat ng NFT mula sa isang wallet?</h2><p>Kapag nakuha ang lahat ng NFT mula sa isang wallet, kakailanganin mong makuha ang lahat ng token account at pagkatapos ay i-parse kung alin ang mga NFT. Magagawa ang lahat ng ito gamit ang <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js/blob/248b61baf89a69b88f9a461e32b1cbd54a9b0a18/src/programs/metadata/accounts/Metadata.ts#L220-L236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findDataByOwner</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> mula sa Metaplex JS library.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="candy-machine-v2-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine v2</h2><p>Sinusuportahan na ngayon ng Metaplex JS SDK ang paggawa at pag-update ng Candy Machine v2 sa pamamagitan ng code. Nagbibigay-daan ito sa mga developer na makipag-ugnayan sa programang Candy Machine v2 at lumikha, mag-update, at magtanggal ng mga Candy Machine pati na rin ang mga mint na NFT mula sa kanila.</p><h3 id="paano-gumawa-ng-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">createCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="how-to-delete-a-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-delete-a-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to delete a Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">deleteCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Delete Candy Machine signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>signature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">deleteCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-sa-pamamagitan-ng-awtoridad" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-sa-pamamagitan-ng-awtoridad" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine sa pamamagitan ng awtoridad</h3><p>Upang mahanap ang lahat ng Candy Machine na ang awtoridad ay isang partikular na pampublikong key, ginamit namin ang function na <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. na may parameter na <code>type</code> bilang <code>authority</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-ng-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makahanap-ng-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-ng-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makahanap ng Candy Machine gamit ang address ng wallet</h3><p>Upang kunin ang object ng Candy Machine sa pamamagitan ng wallet address nito, ginamit namin ang function na <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kasama ng <code> type</code> na parameter bilang <code>wallet</code>. Makukuha mo ang wallet address ng Candy Machine mula sa tab na &quot;Anchor data&quot; sa explorer.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paano-mahahanap-ang-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-nito" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mahahanap-ang-candy-machine-gamit-ang-address-nito" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mahahanap ang Candy Machine gamit ang address nito</h3><p>Upang makahanap ng Candy Machine gamit ang address nito, kailangan nating gamitin ang function na <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findByAddress" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findByAddress</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="how-to-find-minted-nfts-from-a-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-find-minted-nfts-from-a-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to find minted NFTs from a Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="how-to-insert-items-into-a-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-insert-items-into-a-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to insert items into a Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">insertItems</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paano-mag-mint-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-mint-ng-nft-mula-sa-isang-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-mint ng NFT mula sa isang Candy Machine</h3><p>Bilang default, ang may-ari ng minted NFT ay magiging <code>metaplex.identity().publicKey</code>. Kung gusto mong i-mint ang NFT sa ibang wallet, ipasa ang public key na iyon kasama ng parameter na <code>newOwner</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">mintNft</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">mintNft</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/basic-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Sending Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Sending Transactions"><meta name="description" content="Learn Basic Transactions like Sending SOL, SPL-Tokens, Calculating Transaction Cost, and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn Basic Transactions like Sending SOL, SPL-Tokens, Calculating Transaction Cost, and more references for Building on Solana at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Sending Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.13d601ed.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.ab11cb9f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#paano-magpadala-ng-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magpadala ng SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magpadala ng SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#paano-magpadala-ng-mga-spl-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magpadala ng mga SPL-Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magpadala ng mga SPL-Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#paano-kalkulahin-ang-gastos-sa-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano kalkulahin ang gastos sa transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano kalkulahin ang gastos sa transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#getestimatedfee" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getEstimatedFee"><!--[--><!--]--> getEstimatedFee <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#getfeeformessage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getFeeForMessage"><!--[--><!--]--> getFeeForMessage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#paano-magdagdag-ng-memo-sa-isang-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magdagdag ng memo sa isang transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magdagdag ng memo sa isang transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html#paano-baguhin-ang-pagkalkula-ng-badyet-bayad-priyoridad-para-sa-isang-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano baguhin ang pagkalkula ng badyet, bayad, &amp; priyoridad para sa isang transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano baguhin ang pagkalkula ng badyet, bayad, &amp; priyoridad para sa isang transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="nagpapadala-ng-mga-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nagpapadala-ng-mga-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nagpapadala ng mga Transaksyon</h1><h2 id="paano-magpadala-ng-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magpadala-ng-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magpadala ng SOL</h2><p>Upang magpadala ng SOL, kakailanganin mong makipag-ugnayan sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SystemProgram<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program <span class="token keyword">import</span> TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transfer LAMPORT_PER_SOL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> sender <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> receiver <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> LAMPORT_PER_SOL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop_signature <span class="token operator">=</span> airdrop<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>confirm_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdrop_signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> frompubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> topubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_to_send <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Airdropping some Sol to the &#39;from&#39; account</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Creating the transfer sol instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>topubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Putting the transfer sol instruction into a transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Failed to get latest blockhash.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Sending the transfer sol transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error transferring Sol:, {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magpadala-ng-mga-spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magpadala-ng-mga-spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magpadala ng mga SPL-Token</h2><p>Gamitin ang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para maglipat ng SPL Token. Para makapagpadala ng SPL token, kailangan mong malaman ang address ng SPL token account nito. Maaari mong parehong kunin ang address at magpadala ng mga token kasama ang sumusunod na halimbawa.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet keypair and airdrop SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Wait for airdrop confirmation</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fromAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet to receive newly minted token</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the token account of the fromWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//get the token account of the toWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting 1 new token to the &quot;fromTokenAccount&quot; account we just returned/created</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// it&#39;s 1 token, but in lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendSPLTokenToAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-kalkulahin-ang-gastos-sa-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-kalkulahin-ang-gastos-sa-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano kalkulahin ang gastos sa transaksyon</h2><p>Ang bilang ng mga lagda na kailangan ng isang transaksyon ay ginagamit upang kalkulahin ang halaga ng transaksyon. Hangga&#39;t hindi ka gumagawa ng account, ito ang magiging huling halaga ng transaksyon. Upang malaman ang higit pa tungkol sa mga gastos sa paggawa isang account, tingnan ang <a href="/fil/references/accounts.html#calculating-rent-exemption" class="">calculating rent exemption</a></p><p>Ang dalawang halimbawa sa ibaba ay nagpapakita ng dalawang paraan na kasalukuyang magagamit upang kalkulahin ang tinantyang gastos sa transaksyon.</p><p>Ang unang halimbawa ay gumagamit ng <code>getEstimatedFee</code>, na isang bagong paraan sa <code>Transaction</code> na klase, habang ang pangalawang halimbawa ay gumagamit ng <code>getFeeForMessage</code> na pumapalit sa <code>getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash</code> sa <code>Connection</code> na klase.</p><h3 id="getestimatedfee" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getestimatedfee" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getEstimatedFee</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="getfeeformessage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getfeeformessage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getFeeForMessage</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> layoutFields <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> instruction<span class="token operator">:</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>layoutFields<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accountKeys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> header<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> numReadonlySignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numRequiredSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programIdIndex<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magdagdag-ng-memo-sa-isang-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magdagdag-ng-memo-sa-isang-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magdagdag ng memo sa isang transaksyon</h2><p>Anumang transaksyon ay maaaring magdagdag ng mensahe gamit ang <a href="https://spl.solana.com/memo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">memo program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Sa kasalukuyan ang <code>programID</code> mula sa <strong>Memo Program</strong> ay kailangang idagdag manu-manong <code>MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr</code>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-baguhin-ang-pagkalkula-ng-badyet-bayad-priyoridad-para-sa-isang-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-baguhin-ang-pagkalkula-ng-badyet-bayad-priyoridad-para-sa-isang-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano baguhin ang pagkalkula ng badyet, bayad, &amp; priyoridad para sa isang transaksyon</h2><p>Ang priyoridad ng Transaction (TX) ay nakakamit sa pamamagitan ng pagbabayad ng Prioritization Fee in karagdagan sa Base Fee. Bilang default, ang compute budget ay produkto ng 200,000 Compute Units (CU) * bilang ng mga instruction, na may max na 1.4M CU. Ang Ang Base Fee ay 5,000 Lamports. Ang isang microLamport ay 0.000001 Lamports.</p><p>Ang kabuuang compute budget o Prioritization Fee para sa isang TX ay maaaring baguhin ng pagdaragdag ng mga instruction mula sa ComputeBudgetProgram.</p><p><code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: number })</code> ay magdaragdag ng Prioritization Fee sa itaas ng Base Fee (5,000 Lamports). Ang halaga na ibinigay sa microLamports ay pararamihin sa badyet ng CU upang matukoy ang Bayarin sa Prioritization sa Lamports. Halimbawa, kung ang iyong badyet sa CU ay 1M CU, at ikaw magdagdag ng 1 microLamport/CU, ang Prioritization Fee ay magiging 1 Lamport (1M * 0.000001). Ang kabuuang bayad ay magiging 5001 Lamports.</p><p>Gamitin ang <code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: number })</code> para itakda ang bagong compute budget. Papalitan ng value na ibinigay ang default na value. Ang mga transaksyon ay dapat humiling ng pinakamababang halaga ng CU na kinakailangan para sa execution para ma-maximize ang throughput, o mabawasan ang mga bayarin.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/anchor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Total fee will be 5,001 Lamports for 1M CU</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief Example Budget Management</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Increase the Transaction Budget and call normal instruction(s)</span> <span class="token comment">/// Here we send redundant transactions to witness Compute Budget drawdown</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">send_instructions_demo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Program Logs Example ( <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2mNPXeoy3kFxo12L8avsEoep65S4Ehvw2sheduDrAXbmmNJwTtXNmUrb5MM3s15eki2MWSQrwyKGAUQFZ9wAGo9K/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Explorer<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ):</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Log Output</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>[ 1] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 2] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success [ 3] [ 4] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 5] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/name-service.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Name Service"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Name Service"><meta name="description" content="The name registry stores information about the domain name. Learn about Resolving SOL domains, Reverse/Subdomain look up, more about Name Service and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="The name registry stores information about the domain name. Learn about Resolving SOL domains, Reverse, Subdomain look up, more about Name Service and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Name Service | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.c5f60f0b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.84a68d08.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#rehistro-ng-pangalan" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Rehistro ng pangalan"><!--[--><!--]--> Rehistro ng pangalan <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#pag-resolve-ng-mga-domain-ng-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pag-resolve ng mga domain ng SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-resolve ng mga domain ng SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#reverse-lookup" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Reverse lookup"><!--[--><!--]--> Reverse lookup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#hanapin-ang-subdomain" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Hanapin ang subdomain"><!--[--><!--]--> Hanapin ang subdomain <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#hanapin-ang-lahat-ng-domain-name-na-pagmamay-ari-ng-isang-pampublikong-key" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Hanapin ang lahat ng domain name na pagmamay-ari ng isang pampublikong key"><!--[--><!--]--> Hanapin ang lahat ng domain name na pagmamay-ari ng isang pampublikong key <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#lutasin-ang-isang-twitter-handle" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Lutasin ang isang Twitter handle"><!--[--><!--]--> Lutasin ang isang Twitter handle <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/name-service.html#baliktarin-ang-paghahanap-ng-isang-twitter-handle" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Baliktarin ang paghahanap ng isang Twitter handle"><!--[--><!--]--> Baliktarin ang paghahanap ng isang Twitter handle <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="serbisyo-ng-pangalan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serbisyo-ng-pangalan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serbisyo ng Pangalan</h1><h2 id="rehistro-ng-pangalan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rehistro-ng-pangalan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rehistro ng pangalan</h2><p>Ang pagpapatala ng pangalan ay nag-iimbak ng impormasyon tungkol sa pangalan ng domain. Ito ay gawa sa dalawang bagay:</p><ul><li>Ang header</li><li>Ang data</li></ul><p>Ang data para sa isang domain name ay palaging prefix ng header, sa ibaba ay ang istraktura ng header sa JS:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Schema <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="pag-resolve-ng-mga-domain-ng-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-resolve-ng-mga-domain-ng-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-resolve ng mga domain ng SOL</h2><p>Ang mga .SOL na domain ay natatangi, pang-tao na mga pangalan ng domain na nagko-convert sa publicKeys. Ginagamit ito ng maraming wallet bilang isa pang opsyon upang magpadala ng mga token o SOL. Maaari kang mag-convert .SOL na mga domain sa kanilang publicKey na may sumusunod:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="reverse-lookup" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#reverse-lookup" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Reverse lookup</h2><p>Magagamit ito upang malutas ang pangalan ng domain mula sa pampublikong key nito</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> performReverseLookup <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="hanapin-ang-subdomain" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#hanapin-ang-subdomain" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Hanapin ang subdomain</h2><p>Upang malutas ang isang subdomain kailangan mong:</p><ol><li>Kunin ang parent domain key</li><li>Kunin ang subdomain key</li><li>Kunin ang impormasyon ng account</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getDNSRecordAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Resolution of demo.bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="hanapin-ang-lahat-ng-domain-name-na-pagmamay-ari-ng-isang-pampublikong-key" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#hanapin-ang-lahat-ng-domain-name-na-pagmamay-ari-ng-isang-pampublikong-key" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Hanapin ang lahat ng domain name na pagmamay-ari ng isang pampublikong key</h2><p>Makukuha mo ang lahat ng domain name ng isang wallet sa pamamagitan ng paggawa ng kahilingan sa <code>getProgramAccounts</code> na may filter na <code>memcmp</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="lutasin-ang-isang-twitter-handle" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lutasin-ang-isang-twitter-handle" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lutasin ang isang Twitter handle</h2><p>Ang mga handle ng Twitter ay maaaring <a href="https://naming.bonfida.org/#/twitter-registration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">nakarehistro sa serbisyo ng pangalan ng Solana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at magamit tulad ng mga .SOL na domain name</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHandleAndRegistryKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="baliktarin-ang-paghahanap-ng-isang-twitter-handle" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#baliktarin-ang-paghahanap-ng-isang-twitter-handle" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Baliktarin ang paghahanap ng isang Twitter handle</h2><p>Upang mahanap ang SOL address na nauugnay sa isang Twitter handle maaari kang magsagawa ng reverse look up</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getTwitterRegistry <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/offline-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Sending Offline Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Sending Offline Transactions"><meta name="description" content="After signing the Offline Transaction, anyone can broadcast it on the network. Learn more about Sending Offline Transactions and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="After signing the Offline Transaction, anyone can broadcast it on the network. Learn more about Sending Offline Transactions and references at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Sending Offline Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.c95a953c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.0bf4dc0d.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#mag-sign-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mag-sign Transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Mag-sign Transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#bahagyang-sign-transaksyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bahagyang Sign Transaksyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahagyang Sign Transaksyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#matibay-nonce" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Matibay Nonce"><!--[--><!--]--> Matibay Nonce <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#lumikha-ng-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Lumikha ng Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Lumikha ng Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#kumuha-ng-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Kumuha ng Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Kumuha ng Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html#gumamit-ng-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Gumamit ng Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Gumamit ng Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="offline-na-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#offline-na-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Offline na Transaksyon</h1><h2 id="mag-sign-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mag-sign-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mag-sign Transaksyon</h2><p>Upang lumikha ng isang offline na transaksyon, kailangan mong lagdaan ang transaksyon at pagkatapos kahit sino ay maaaring i-broadcast ito sa network.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// to complete a offline transaction, I will seperate them into four steps</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send Transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// create connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`</span> <span class="token comment">// alice and feePayer are signer in this tx</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bob <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bob<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRecentBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> realDataNeedToSign <span class="token operator">=</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// the real data singer need to sign.</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// use any lib you like, the main idea is to use ed25519 to sign it.</span> <span class="token comment">// the return signature should be 64 bytes.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> feePayerSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> aliceSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Tranasction</span> <span class="token comment">// you can verify signatures before you recovering the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyFeePayerSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// you should use the raw pubkey (32 bytes) to verify</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify feePayer signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyFeePayerSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyAliceSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify alice signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyAliceSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// if this process takes too long, your recent blockhash will expire (after 150 blocks).</span> <span class="token comment">// you can use `durable nonce` to get rid of it.</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bahagyang-sign-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bahagyang-sign-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bahagyang Sign Transaksyon</h2><p>Kapag ang isang transaksyon ay nangangailangan ng maraming lagda, maaari mo itong bahagyang lagdaan. Ang iba pang mga pumirma ay maaaring pumirma at mai-broadcast ito sa network.</p><p>Ilang halimbawa kung kailan ito kapaki-pakinabang:</p><ul><li>Magpadala ng token ng SPL bilang kapalit ng pagbabayad</li><li>Pumirma ng isang transaksyon upang ma-verify mo ang pagiging tunay nito</li><li>Tumawag sa mga pasadyang programa sa isang transaksyon na nangangailangan ng iyong lagda</li></ul><p>Sa halimbawang ito, pinadalhan ni Bob si Alice ng isang token ng SPL bilang kapalit sa kanyang pagbabayad:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> base58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* The transaction: * - sends 0.01 SOL from Alice to Bob * - sends 1 token from Bob to Alice * - is partially signed by Bob, so Alice can approve + send it */</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> base58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Gh9ZwEmdLJ8DscKNTkTqPbNwLNNBjuSzaG9Vp2KGtKJr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobTokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice may not have a token account, so Bob creates one if not</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> aliceTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Bob pays the fee to create it</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// which token the account is for</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token comment">// who the token account is for</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the details about the token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get a recent blockhash to include in the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;finalized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice pays the transaction fee</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 0.01 SOL from Alice -&gt; Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 1 token from Bob -&gt; Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Partial sign as Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the transaction and convert to base64 to return it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// We will need Alice to deserialize and sign the transaction</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionBase64 <span class="token operator">=</span> serializedTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// The caller of this can convert it back to a transaction object:</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Add an instruction to send the token from Bob to Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Bob partially signs the transaction</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Serialize the transaction without requiring all signatures</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Alice can deserialize the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="matibay-nonce" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#matibay-nonce" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Matibay Nonce</h2><p>Ang <code>RecentBlockhash</code> ay isang mahalagang halaga para sa isang transaksyon. Tatanggihan ang iyong transaksyon kung gumamit ka ng nag-expire kamakailang blockhash (pagkatapos ng 150 block). Maaari mong gamitin ang <code>durable nonce</code> para makakuha ng hindi nag-expire kamakailang blockhash. Upang ma-trigger ang mekanismong ito, dapat ang iyong transaksyon</p><ol><li>gumamit ng <code>nonce</code> na naka-store sa <code>nonce account</code> bilang kamakailang blockhash</li><li>ilagay ang <code>nonce advance</code> na operasyon sa unang pagtuturo</li></ol><h3 id="lumikha-ng-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lumikha-ng-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lumikha ng Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="kumuha-ng-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kumuha-ng-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kumuha ng Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">authority: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authorizedPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">fee calculator: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feeCalculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="gumamit-ng-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gumamit-ng-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gumamit ng Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/references/token.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Interacting with Tokens"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Interacting with Tokens"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to use, transfer, and more with tokens on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to use, transfer, and more with tokens on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Interacting with Tokens | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.e2d8e013.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.5b1ae1a2.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#ano-ang-kailangan-ko-para-makapagsimula-sa-spl-tokens" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ano ang kailangan ko para makapagsimula sa SPL-Tokens?"><!--[--><!--]--> Ano ang kailangan ko para makapagsimula sa SPL-Tokens? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-gumawa-ng-bagong-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng bagong Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng bagong Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-makakuha-ng-token-mint" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng token mint"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng token mint <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-gumawa-ng-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano gumawa ng token account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano gumawa ng token account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-makakuha-ng-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng Token Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng Token Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-ng-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makakuha ng balanse ng token account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makakuha ng balanse ng token account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-mag-mint-ng-mga-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-mint ng mga token"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-mint ng mga token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-maglipat-ng-mga-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano maglipat ng mga token"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano maglipat ng mga token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-magsunog-ng-mga-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magsunog ng mga token"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magsunog ng mga token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-isara-ang-mga-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano isara ang mga token account"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano isara ang mga token account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-magtakda-ng-awtoridad-sa-mga-token-account-o-mints" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano magtakda ng awtoridad sa mga token account o mints"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano magtakda ng awtoridad sa mga token account o mints <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-mag-apruba-ng-token-delegate" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mag-apruba ng token delegate"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mag-apruba ng token delegate <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-bawiin-ang-isang-token-delegate" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano bawiin ang isang token delegate"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano bawiin ang isang token delegate <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-i-manage-ang-wrapped-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-manage ang wrapped SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-manage ang wrapped SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#lumikha-ng-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Lumikha ng Token Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Lumikha ng Token Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#magdagdag-ng-balanse" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Magdagdag ng Balanse"><!--[--><!--]--> Magdagdag ng Balanse <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/references/token.html#paano-makuha-ang-lahat-ng-token-account-ng-may-ari" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano makuha ang lahat ng token account ng may-ari"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano makuha ang lahat ng token account ng may-ari <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Token</h1><h2 id="ano-ang-kailangan-ko-para-makapagsimula-sa-spl-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ano-ang-kailangan-ko-para-makapagsimula-sa-spl-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ano ang kailangan ko para makapagsimula sa SPL-Tokens?</h2><p>Sa tuwing nakikipag-ugnayan ka sa mga token sa Solana, ikaw talaga nakikipag-ugnayan sa Solana Program Library Token, o SPL-Token pamantayan. Ang pamantayan ng SPL-Token ay nangangailangan ng isang partikular na library upang gamitin, na makikita mo sa ibaba batay sa iyong wika.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;: &quot;^0.2.0&quot; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-gumawa-ng-bagong-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-bagong-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng bagong Token</h2><p>Ang paggawa ng mga token ay ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng paggawa ng tinatawag na &quot;mint account&quot;. Ang mint account na ito ay ginamit sa ibang pagkakataon upang mag-mint ng mga token sa token account ng isang user.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createInitializeMintInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-token-mint" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-token-mint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng token mint</h2><p>Upang makuha ang kasalukuyang supply, awtoridad, o mga decimal na mayroon ang isang token, kakailanganin mong makuha ang impormasyon ng account para sa token mint.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getMint <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAccountPublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, mintAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, supply: 0n, decimals: 8, isInitialized: true, freezeAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-gumawa-ng-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-gumawa-ng-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano gumawa ng token account</h2><p>Ang isang token account ay kinakailangan para sa isang user na humawak ng mga token.</p><p>Ang isang user ay magkakaroon ng kahit isang token account para sa bawat uri ng token na pagmamay-ari nila.</p><p>Ang Mga Kaugnay na Token Account ay tiyak na nilikha account para sa bawat keypair. Ang mga ATA ay ang inirerekomendang paraan ng pamamahala ng mga token account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2SKpuBU9ksneBZD4nqbZkw75NE11HsSHsGRtW2BZh5aQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// calculate ATA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if your wallet is off-curve, you should use</span> <span class="token comment">// let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey // owner</span> <span class="token comment">// true, // allowOwnerOffCurve</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng Token Account</h2><p>Ang bawat token account ay may impormasyon sa token tulad ng may-ari, mint, halaga(balanse), at mga decimal.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getAccount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 16aef79dfadb39ffedb3b6f77688b8c162b18bb9cba2ffefe152303629ae3030&gt; }, mint: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, owner: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, amount: 0n, delegate: null, delegatedAmount: 0n, isInitialized: true, isFrozen: false, isNative: false, rentExemptReserve: null, closeAuthority: null } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-ng-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makakuha-ng-balanse-ng-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makakuha ng balanse ng token account</h2><p>Ang token account ay may balanse ng token, na maaaring makuha gamit ang a iisang tawag.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount: {}, decimals: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Ang isang token account ay maaari lamang magkaroon ng isang uri ng mint. Kapag tinukoy mo ang isang token account, tukoy ka rin ng mint.</p></div><h2 id="paano-mag-mint-ng-mga-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-mint-ng-mga-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-mint ng mga token</h2><p>Kapag nag-mint ka ng mga token, dinadagdagan mo ang supply at inilipat mo ang mga bagong token sa isang partikular na token account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMintToCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintToChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if alice is a multisig account</span> <span class="token comment">// let txhash = await mintToChecked(</span> <span class="token comment">// connection, // connection</span> <span class="token comment">// feePayer, // fee payer</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey, // !! mint authority pubkey !!</span> <span class="token comment">// 1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token comment">// 8, // decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...],</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + mint authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-maglipat-ng-mga-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-maglipat-ng-mga-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano maglipat ng mga token</h2><p>Maaari kang maglipat ng mga token mula sa isang token account patungo sa isa pang token account.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountXPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountYPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magsunog-ng-mga-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magsunog-ng-mga-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magsunog ng mga token</h2><p>Maaari kang magsunog ng token kung ikaw ang may-ari ng token.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> burnChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createBurnCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + token authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-isara-ang-mga-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-isara-ang-mga-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano isara ang mga token account</h2><p>Maaari mong isara ang isang token account kung ayaw mo na itong gamitin. Mayroong dalawang sitwasyon:</p><ol><li>Nakabalot na SOL - Ang pagsasara ng mga nagpalit na Nakabalot na SOL sa SOL</li><li>Iba pang mga Token - Maaari mo lamang itong isara kung ang balanse ng token account ay 0.</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> closeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-magtakda-ng-awtoridad-sa-mga-token-account-o-mints" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-magtakda-ng-awtoridad-sa-mga-token-account-o-mints" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano magtakda ng awtoridad sa mga token account o mints</h2><p>Maaari mong itakda/i-update ang awtoridad. Mayroong 4 na uri:</p><ol><li>MintTokens (mint account)</li><li>FreezeAccount (mint account)</li><li>AccountOwner (token account)</li><li>CloseAccount (token account)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSetAuthorityInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setAuthority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">random guy: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) for mint account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.MintTokens</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.FreezeAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) for token account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.AccountOwner</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.CloseAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">feePayer</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-mag-apruba-ng-token-delegate" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mag-apruba-ng-token-delegate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mag-apruba ng token delegate</h2><p>Maaari kang magtakda ng delegado na may pinapayagang halaga. Pagkatapos mong magtakda, ang delegado ay parang isa pang may-ari ng iyong token account. <code>Ang isang token account ay maaari lamang magtalaga sa isang account sa parehong oras</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> approveChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createApproveCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-bawiin-ang-isang-token-delegate" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-bawiin-ang-isang-token-delegate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano bawiin ang isang token delegate</h2><p>Itatakda ng pagbawi ang delegado sa null at itatakda ang delegadong halaga sa 0.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createRevokeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> revoke <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-manage-ang-wrapped-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-manage-ang-wrapped-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-manage ang wrapped SOL</h2><p>Nakabalot na SOL tulad ng ibang token mint. Ang pagkakaiba ay gumagamit ng <code>syncNative</code> at paggawa ng mga token account partikular sa <code>NATIVE_MINT</code> na address.</p><h3 id="lumikha-ng-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lumikha-ng-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lumikha ng Token Account</h3><p>Tulad ng <a href="#create-token-account">Gumawa ng Token Account</a> ngunit palitan ang mint ng <code>NATIVE_MINT</code></p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="magdagdag-ng-balanse" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#magdagdag-ng-balanse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Magdagdag ng Balanse</h3><p>Mayroong dalawang paraan upang magdagdag ng balanse para sa Wrapped SOL</p><h4 id="_1-sa-pamamagitan-ng-sol-transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-sa-pamamagitan-ng-sol-transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Sa pamamagitan ng SOL Transfer</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSyncNativeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="_2-by-token-transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-by-token-transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 2. By Token Transfer</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createInitializeAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> closeAccountInstructionData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> auxAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-makuha-ang-lahat-ng-token-account-ng-may-ari" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-makuha-ang-lahat-ng-token-account-ng-may-ari" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano makuha ang lahat ng token account ng may-ari</h2><p>Maaari kang kumuha ng mga token account ng may-ari. Mayroong dalawang paraan upang gawin ito.</p><ol><li>Kunin ang Lahat ng Token Account</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>Filter By Mint</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/getting-started/installation.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Installation"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Installation"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to get started on Solana with tutorials, guides, and examples."><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to get started on Solana with tutorials, guides, and examples."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Installation | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.ef551b6c.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.75866756.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#i-install-ang-web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="I-install ang Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> I-install ang Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#spl-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="SPL-Token"><!--[--><!--]--> SPL-Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#wallet-adapter" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wallet-Adapter"><!--[--><!--]--> Wallet-Adapter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#install-rust" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Install Rust"><!--[--><!--]--> Install Rust <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#i-install-ang-cli" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="I-install ang CLI"><!--[--><!--]--> I-install ang CLI <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#macos-at-linux" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="macOS at Linux"><!--[--><!--]--> macOS at Linux <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#windows" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Windows"><!--[--><!--]--> Windows <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html#bumuo-mula-sa-source" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bumuo Mula sa Source"><!--[--><!--]--> Bumuo Mula sa Source <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h2 id="i-install-ang-web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-install-ang-web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-install ang Web3.js</h2><p>Mayroong ilang mga library na magagamit mo upang makapagsimula sa javascript o typescript sa Solana.</p><h3 id="web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web3.js</h3><p>Ang <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay isang library na mayroong maraming pangunahing tool sa Solana para makipag-ugnayan, magpadala ng mga transaksyon, at magbasa mula sa blockchain.</p><p>Maaari mong i-install gamit ang sumusunod:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SPL-Token</h3><p>Ang <code>@solana/spl-token</code> ay isang library na naglalaman ng marami sa mga javascript/typescript binding na kailangan upang makipag-ugnayan sa mga SPL token. Magagamit mo ang library na ito para gumawa ng mga bagong SPL token, maglipat ng mga token, at higit pa.</p><p>Maaari mong i-install ang library na ito gamit ang sumusunod:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="wallet-adapter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wallet-adapter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wallet-Adapter</h3><p>Mayroong isang koleksyon ng mga library na makakatulong sa mga koneksyon sa bootstrap na wallet sa loob ng Solana na tinatawag na wallet-adapter. Sa kasalukuyan, sinusuportahan ng package ang paggamit sa loob ng Svelte, Angular, Vue.js, at React. Maaring mabilis na simulan ng Wallet-adapter ang iyong dApp pagsasama sa mga wallet tulad ng <a href="https://phantom.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phantom<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, <a href="https://solflare.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solflare<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, at higit pa.</p><p>Maaari mong i-install ang library na ito gamit ang sumusunod:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="install-rust" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-rust" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install Rust</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">MACOS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">LINUX</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Para sa Windows, pakibisita ang <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust installation site<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h2 id="i-install-ang-cli" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#i-install-ang-cli" aria-hidden="true">#</a> I-install ang CLI</h2><h3 id="macos-at-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#macos-at-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> macOS at Linux</h3><p>Buksan ang iyong paboritong Terminal application.</p><p>Palitan ang <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> ng gusto mong bersyon at i-install ang <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pinakabagong release ng Solana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sa iyong makina sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatakbo:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">sh</span> -c <span class="token string">&quot;<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">curl</span> -sSfL https://release.solana.com/LATEST_RELEASE/install<span class="token variable">)</span></span>&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Maaari mong palitan ang <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> ng katugmang tag ng release ang software na bersyon ng iyong gustong release, o gumamit ng isa sa tatlong simbolikong mga pangalan ng channel: <code>stable</code>, <code>beta</code>, o <code>edge</code>. Upang mahanap ang pinakabagong release, tingnan available ang mga bersyon <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Ang sumusunod na output ay nagpapahiwatig ng isang matagumpay na pag-update:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>downloading LATEST_RELEASE installer Configuration: /home/solana/.config/solana/install/config.yml Active release directory: /home/solana/.local/share/solana/install/active_release * Release version: LATEST_RELEASE * Release URL: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/LATEST_RELEASE/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 Update successful </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>Depende sa iyong system, ang pagtatapos ng pagmemensahe ng installer ay maaaring mag-prompt sa iyo sa</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Please update your <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> environment variable to include the solana programs: </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Kung makuha mo ang mensahe sa itaas, kopyahin at i-paste ang inirerekomendang command sa ibaba ito upang i-update ang <code>PATH</code>.</p><p>Kumpirmahin na na-install mo ang gustong bersyon ng <code>solana</code> sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatakbo:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Pagkatapos ng matagumpay na pag-install, madaling magamit ang <code>solana-install update</code> i-update ang Solana software sa isang mas bagong bersyon anumang oras.</p><h4 id="downloading-binaries-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (Linux)</h4><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari kang mag-install mula sa mga binary sa halip na gumamit ng solana-install.</p><p>I-download ang mga binary sa pamamagitan ng pag-navigate sa <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, i-download ang <strong>solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>, pagkatapos ay i-extract ang archive:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="nagda-download-ng-binary-macos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nagda-download-ng-binary-macos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nagda-download ng Binary (macOS)</h4><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari kang mag-install mula sa mga binary sa halip na gumamit ng solana-install.</p><p>I-download ang mga binary sa pamamagitan ng pag-navigate sa <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, i-download ang <strong>solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2</strong>, pagkatapos ay i-extract ang archive:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><hr><h3 id="windows" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#windows" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Windows</h3><p>Magbukas ng Command Prompt (<code>cmd.exe</code>) bilang Administrator.</p><p>Maghanap ng Command Prompt sa Windows search bar. Kapag ang Utos Lumilitaw ang prompt na app, i-right-click at piliin ang &quot;Buksan bilang Administrator&quot;. Kung sinenyasan ka ng isang pop-up window na nagtatanong ng &quot;Gusto mo bang payagan ang app na ito gumawa ng mga pagbabago sa iyong device?”, i-click ang &#39;Oo&#39;.</p><p>Kopyahin at i-paste ang sumusunod na command, pagkatapos ay pindutin ang Enter upang i-download ang Solana installer sa isang pansamantalang direktoryo:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://release.solana.com/v1.9.16/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe --output C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe --create-dirs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Kung hindi ang <code>v1.9.16</code> ang gusto mong bersyon, hanapin ang pinakabagong release <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Kopyahin at i-paste ang sumusunod na command, pagkatapos ay pindutin ang Enter upang i-install ang pinakabago bersyon ng Solana. Kung makakita ka ng pop-up ng seguridad ng iyong system, mangyaring piliin upang payagan ang programa na tumakbo.</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe v1.9.16 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Upang mahanap ang pinakabagong release, tingnan available ang mga bersyon <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Kapag tapos na ang installer, pindutin ang Enter.</p><p>Isara ang command prompt window at muling buksan ang isang bagong command prompt window bilang a normal na gumagamit.</p><p>Hanapin ang &quot;Command Prompt&quot; sa search bar, pagkatapos ay mag-left-click sa Icon ng Command Prompt na app (hindi na kailangang tumakbo bilang Administrator).</p><p>Kumpirmahin na na-install mo ang gustong bersyon ng <code>solana</code> sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Pagkatapos ng matagumpay na pag-install, madaling magamit ang <code>solana-install update</code> i-update ang Solana software sa isang mas bagong bersyon anumang oras.</p><h4 id="nagda-download-ng-mga-binary" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nagda-download-ng-mga-binary" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nagda-download ng mga Binary</h4><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari kang mag-install mula sa mga binary sa halip na gumamit ng solana-install.</p><p>I-download ang mga binary sa pamamagitan ng pag-navigate sa <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, i-download ang <strong>solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>, pagkatapos ay i-extract ang archive gamit ang WinZip o katulad.</p><p>Magbukas ng Command Prompt at mag-navigate sa direktoryo kung saan mo kinuha ang mga binary at tumakbo:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>%cd%/bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>%<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>% </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="bumuo-mula-sa-source" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bumuo-mula-sa-source" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bumuo Mula sa Source</h3><p>Kung hindi mo magagamit ang mga prebuilt na binary o mas gusto mong itayo ito sa iyong sarili mula sa pinagmulan, mag-navigate sa <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, at i-download ang <strong>Source Code</strong> archive. I-extract ang code at buuin ang binary na may:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Maaari mong patakbuhin ang sumusunod na command upang makuha ang parehong resulta tulad ng sa prebuilt na binary:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-install init </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/serialization.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Serializing Data"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Serializing Data"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to serialize and deserialize data on Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Serializing Data | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.279a312f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.b36b4ad5.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#pagse-set-up-para-sa-borsh-serialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagse-set up para sa Borsh Serialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagse-set up para sa Borsh Serialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-pagtuturo-sa-kliyente" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-serialize ang data ng pagtuturo sa kliyente"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-serialize ang data ng pagtuturo sa kliyente <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-instruction-sa-programa" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-deserialize ang data ng instruction sa programa"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-deserialize ang data ng instruction sa programa <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-serialize ang data ng account sa program"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-serialize ang data ng account sa program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#pack" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pack"><!--[--><!--]--> Pack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#serialization-deserialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialization/Deserialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialization/Deserialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#paggamit" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paggamit"><!--[--><!--]--> Paggamit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-kliyente" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano i-deserialize ang data ng account sa kliyente"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano i-deserialize ang data ng account sa kliyente <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#mga-karaniwang-solana-ts-js-mappings" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mga Karaniwang Solana TS/JS Mappings"><!--[--><!--]--> Mga Karaniwang Solana TS/JS Mappings <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#advanced-constructs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Advanced Constructs"><!--[--><!--]--> Advanced Constructs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#coption" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="COption"><!--[--><!--]--> COption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/serialization.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pagse-serye-ng-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagse-serye-ng-data" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagse-serye ng Data</h1><p>Kapag pinag-uusapan natin ang tungkol sa serialization, ang ibig sabihin ay parehong serializing data pati na rin ang deserialization ng data.</p><p>Naglalaro ang serialization sa ilang mga punto kasama ang lifecycle ng program at program account ng Solana:</p><ol><li>Pagse-serye ng data ng pagtuturo sa kliyente</li><li>Deserializing data ng pagtuturo sa programa</li><li>Pagse-serye ng data ng Account sa programa</li><li>Deserializing Data ng Account sa kliyente</li></ol><p>Mahalagang lahat ng mga aksyon sa itaas ay sinusuportahan ng parehong paraan ng serialization. Ang ang mga kasamang snippet ay nagpapakita ng serialization gamit ang <a href="#resources">Borsh</a>.</p><p>Ang mga sample sa natitirang bahagi ng dokumentong ito ay mga sipi na kinuha mula sa <a href="#resources">Solana CLI Program Template</a></p><h2 id="pagse-set-up-para-sa-borsh-serialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagse-set-up-para-sa-borsh-serialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagse-set up para sa Borsh Serialization</h2><p>Ang mga library para sa Borsh ay dapat na setup para sa Rust program, Rust client, Node at/o Python client.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Program</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Node Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-cli-template-program-bpf&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">features</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">no-entrypoint</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-derive</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num_enum</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.5.1&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-integer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.44&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-traits</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;../shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">thiserror</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program-test</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">lib</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">crate-type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;cdylib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.5&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2.33.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0.125&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;derive&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.8.17&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;full&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;program&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-json ext-json line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ts-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Sample TS App&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/nmain.ts&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;workspace&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;repository&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;url&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;homepage&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:all&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run build:client &amp;&amp; npm run test:client&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;build:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rm -rf ./.dist/client &amp;&amp; tsc &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node ./node_modules/.bin/mocha .dist/client/main.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run start&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* &amp;&amp; prettier --check \&quot;client/**/*.ts\&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint:fix&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* --fix&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;pretty&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;prettier --write &#39;{,client/**/}*.ts&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@tsconfig/recommended&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^7.28.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^3.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/parser&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-google&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.5.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.1.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start-server-and-test&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;ts-node&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^10.4.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;typescript&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.5.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;dependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.31.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.7.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;env&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.1-security&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;npm-check-updates&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^12.0.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;sync-request&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^6.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;update&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.4.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>borsh-construct==0.1.0 solana==0.20.0 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-pagtuturo-sa-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-pagtuturo-sa-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-serialize ang data ng pagtuturo sa kliyente</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>Kung ikaw ay nagse-serialize ng papalabas na data ng pagtuturo upang ipadala sa isang program dapat itong i-mirror kung paano deserialize ng program ang papasok na data ng pagtuturo.</p><p>Sa template na ito, ang isang bloke ng data ng pagtuturo ay isang serialized array na naglalaman ng, na may mga halimbawa:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction (Variant index)</th><th>Serialized Key</th><th>Serialized Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialize (0)</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Mint (1)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>&quot;bar&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr><tr><td>Burn (2)</td><td>&quot;foo&quot;</td><td>not applicable for instruction</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sa sumusunod na halimbawa, ipinapalagay namin na ang account na pagmamay-ari ng programa ay nasimulan</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Mint a key value pair to account * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;Keypair&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts key&#39;</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts first value&#39;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; &lt;Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; Payload { id: 1, key: &#39;ts key&#39;, value: &#39;ts first value&#39; }</span> <span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Signature = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8 <span class="token keyword">from</span> enum <span class="token keyword">import</span> IntEnum <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responses <span class="token keyword">import</span> SendTransactionResp <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Instruction variants for target program</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InstructionVariant</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IntEnum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> INITIALIZE <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span> MINT <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> TRANSFER <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> BURN <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token comment"># Schema for sending instructionVariants to on-chain sample program</span> payload_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">construct_payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Generate a serialized instructionVariant&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> payload_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">mint_kv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> SendTransactionResp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Mint with a key/value pair to an account&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the program payload for Mint invariant</span> payload_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> construct_payload<span class="token punctuation">(</span>InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MINT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\x01\n\x00\x00\x00python key\x0c\x00\x00\x00python value&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># mint_payload_copy = payload_schema.parse(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(mint_payload_copy)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; key = u&#39;python key&#39; (total 10)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; value = u&#39;python value&#39; (total 12)</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the transaction with instructionVariant</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token operator">=</span>program_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>payload_ser <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; {&#39;jsonrpc&#39;: &#39;2.0&#39;, &#39;result&#39;: &#39;4ZdpWNdovdVaLextWSiqEBWp67k9rNTTUaX3qviHDXWY9c98bVtaRt5sasPhYzMVXHqhex78gzNKytcBnVH5CSTZ&#39;, &#39;id&#39;: 2}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token comment">/// Instruction payload gets serialized</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Perform a mint transaction consisting of a key/value pair</span> <span class="token comment">/// See submit_transaction below</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup the payload. `mint_instruction_id` is instruction variant index = 1</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>`_<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _fee_calculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction_with_spinner_and_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-instruction-sa-programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-instruction-sa-programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-deserialize ang data ng instruction sa programa</h2><img src="/assets/ser2.38d4ca5b.png" alt="Deserialize Instruction Data"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-serialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-serialize ang data ng account sa program</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>Ang bloke ng data ng account ng program (mula sa sample na repo) ay inilatag bilang</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>Remaining Byte up to 1019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialized flag</td><td>length of serialized BTreeMap</td><td>BTreeMap (where key value pairs are stored)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p>Isang salita tungkol sa katangian ng <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Pinapadali ng Pack trait na itago ang mga detalye ng serialization/deserialization ng data ng account mula sa iyong pangunahing pagproseso ng pagtuturo ng Programa. Kaya sa halip na ilagay ang lahat ng serialize/deserialize mag-log in sa code sa pagpoproseso ng programa, isinasama nito ang mga detalye sa likod ng (3) mga function:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - Binibigyang-daan kang i-deserialize ang isang account nang hindi tinitingnan kung ito ay nasimulan. Ito ay kapaki-pakinabang kapag aktwal mong pinoproseso ang pagpapaandar ng Initialization (variant index 0)</li><li><code>unpack</code> - Tinatawag ang pagpapatupad ng iyong Pack ng <code>unpack_from_slice</code> at tinitingnan kung nasimulan na ang account.</li><li><code>pack</code> - Tinatawag ang pagpapatupad ng iyong Pack ng <code>pack_into_slice</code></li></ol><p>Narito ang pagpapatupad ng Pack trait para sa aming sample na programa. Sinusundan ito ng aktwal pagproseso ng data ng account gamit ang borsh.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span> <span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="serialization-deserialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialization-deserialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialization/Deserialization</h3><p>Para kumpletuhin ang pinagbabatayan na serialization at deserialization:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> - Kung saan nangyayari ang aktwal na serialization</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> - Kung saan nangyayari ang aktwal na deserialization</li></ol><p><strong>Tandaan</strong> na sa mga sumusunod ay mayroon kaming <code>u32</code> (4 bytes) na partition sa layout ng data para sa <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> bago ang <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>. Ito ay dahil borsh, sa panahon ng deseryalisasyon, sinusuri na ang haba ng slice na iyong deserializing ay sumasang-ayon sa dami ng data na binabasa nito bago ang aktwal na recombobulation ng receiving object. Ang diskarte na ipinakita sa ibaba ay unang nagbabasa ng <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> upang makuha ang laki na <code>hiwain</code> mula sa <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> na pointer.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span> is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="paggamit" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paggamit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paggamit</h3><p>Pinagsasama-sama ng sumusunod ang lahat at ipinapakita kung paano nakikipag-ugnayan ang program sa <code>ProgramAccountState</code> na nakapaloob sa flag ng initialization pati na rin ang pinagbabatayan na <code>BTreeMap</code> para sa aming mga pares ng key/value.</p><p>Una kapag gusto nating magpasimula ng bagong account:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span> <span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven&#39;t already initialized this accounts data</span> <span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Ngayon ay maaari na kaming gumana sa aming iba pang mga instruction habang ang mga sumusunod ay nagpapakita ng paggawa ng bago key value pair na ipinakita namin sa itaas noong nagpapadala ng mga instruction mula sa isang kliyente:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint to account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-kliyente" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-i-deserialize-ang-data-ng-account-sa-kliyente" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano i-deserialize ang data ng account sa kliyente</h2><p>Maaaring tawagan ng mga kliyente si Solana upang kunin ang account na pagmamay-ari ng program, kung saan ang serialized Ang data block ay isang bahagi ng pagbabalik. Ang deserializing ay nangangailangan ng pag-alam sa block ng data layout.</p><p>Ang layout ng data ng account ay inilarawan <a href="#account-data-serialization">dito</a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tree_length&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Fetch program account data * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;AccoundData&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commitment <span class="token keyword">import</span> Confirmed <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize program&#39;s account data</span> account_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map_length&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Fetch account information from RPC, parse out the data and deserialize&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_account_info<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;base64&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> account_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Results in or similar</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map_length = 109</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map = {&#39;Happy&#39;: &#39;New Year!&#39;, &#39;newKey&#39;: &#39;A new value&#39;,</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; &#39;python key&#39;: &#39;python value&#39;, &#39;ts key&#39;: &#39;ts first value&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="mga-karaniwang-solana-ts-js-mappings" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-karaniwang-solana-ts-js-mappings" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Karaniwang Solana TS/JS Mappings</h2><p>Ang <a href="#resources">Borsh Specification</a> ay naglalaman ng karamihan sa mga pagmamapa para sa primitive at tambalang uri ng data.</p><p>Ang susi sa TS/JS at Python ay ang paglikha ng Borsh Schema na may wastong kahulugan kaya ang serialize at deserialize ay maaaring bumuo o maglakad sa kani-kanilang mga input.</p><p>Dito ipinapakita namin ang serialization ng mga primitive (mga numero, string) at mga uri ng tambalan (fixed size array, Map) una sa Typescript, pagkatapos ay sa Python at pagkatapos ay katumbas na deserialization sa Rust side:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library * for convenience of dynamic property setting * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span> <span class="token comment">// compound types</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;world&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Viola!</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;New value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed string array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed u8 array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Map = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize various types</span> primitive_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">common</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Serialize</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U8&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U16&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U32&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x05\x00\x00\x00hello\x05\x00\x00\x00world\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00cookbook\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\n\x00\x00\x00ingredient&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Deserialize</span> new_value <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Viola</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U8 = 255</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U16 = 65535</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U32 = 4294967295</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_STRING_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; hello</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; world</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_U8_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 2</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 3</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 4</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 5</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; MAP_STRING_STRING = {&#39;cookbook&#39;: &#39;recipe&#39;, &#39;recipe&#39;: &#39;ingredient&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">primitives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> prim <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">255u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">103</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">116</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>prim<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="advanced-constructs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#advanced-constructs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Advanced Constructs</h2><p>Ipinakita namin kung paano gumawa ng mga simpleng Payload sa mga nakaraang halimbawa. Minsan Naghahagis ng fastball si Solana na may ilang uri. Ipapakita ng seksyong ito wastong pagmamapa sa pagitan ng TS/JS at Rust para mahawakan ang mga iyon</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * COption is meant to mirror the * `solana_program::options::COption` * * This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating * the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey * * Similar to a Rust Option * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class * <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Creates a COption from a PublicKey * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this) */</span> <span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Defines the layout of the COption object * for serializing/deserializing * <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;copt_ser &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36] COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)} pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Expected no public key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with null Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36] COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) } pubkey: null */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">program_option<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Emulate how COption is &#39;unpacked&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Map the data block</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the SOME or NONE u32</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the COption accordingly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> opt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> nos <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">None</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> opt <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">btest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// From Typescript with borsh&#39;ing</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">214</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">211</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">130</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">187</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">208</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">221</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">166</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">171</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate COption deserialization</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Uh-oh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// As a Borsh Struct</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> toption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toption<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Some = {:?} Pubkey = {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> toption<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Feature Parity Testing"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Feature Parity Testing"><meta name="description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:description" content="Features vary by Solana cluster. Feature testing ensures predictable results."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Feature Parity Testing | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.61551d89.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.5be01a44.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#mga-katotohanan" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mga Katotohanan"><!--[--><!--]--> Mga Katotohanan <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#sitwasyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Sitwasyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Sitwasyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#katayuan-ng-tampok" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Katayuan ng Tampok"><!--[--><!--]--> Katayuan ng Tampok <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#pagsubok-sa-pagkakapantay-pantay" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagsubok sa Pagkakapantay-pantay"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagsubok sa Pagkakapantay-pantay <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#simpleng-pagpapakita" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Simpleng Pagpapakita"><!--[--><!--]--> Simpleng Pagpapakita <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#na-activate-ang-lahat-ng-feature" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Na-activate ang lahat ng feature"><!--[--><!--]--> Na-activate ang lahat ng feature <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#na-deactivate-ang-mga-piling-feature" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Na-deactivate ang mga piling feature"><!--[--><!--]--> Na-deactivate ang mga piling feature <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#buong-parity-testing" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Buong Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Buong Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#buong-parity-testing-sa-pamamagitan-ng-pag-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Buong Parity Testing sa pamamagitan ng pag-program"><!--[--><!--]--> Buong Parity Testing sa pamamagitan ng pag-program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pagsubok-sa-pagkakapareho-ng-tampok" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsubok-sa-pagkakapareho-ng-tampok" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsubok sa Pagkakapareho ng Tampok</h1><p>Kapag sinusubukan ang iyong programa, ang mga katiyakan na pareho itong tatakbo sa iba&#39;t ibang mga kumpol ay mahalaga sa parehong kalidad at paggawa ng inaasahang resulta.</p><h2 id="mga-katotohanan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-katotohanan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Katotohanan</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang mga tampok ay mga kakayahan na ipinakilala sa mga validator ng Solana at nangangailangan ng pag-activate upang magamit.</li><li>Maaaring i-activate ang mga feature sa isang cluster (hal. testnet) ngunit hindi sa isa pa (hal. mainnet-beta).</li><li>Gayunpaman; kapag lokal na pinapatakbo ang default na <code>solana-test-validator</code>, lahat ng available na feature sa iyong Ang bersyon ng Solana ay awtomatikong naisaaktibo. Ang resulta ay kapag lokal na pagsubok, ang mga kakayahan at resulta ng maaaring hindi pareho ang iyong pagsubok kapag nagde-deploy at tumatakbo sa ibang cluster!</li></ul></div><h2 id="sitwasyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sitwasyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sitwasyon</h2><p>Ipagpalagay na mayroon kang Transaksyon na naglalaman ng tatlong (3) mga instruction at ang bawat instruction ay kumukonsumo ng humigit-kumulang 100_000 Compute Units (CU). Kapag tumatakbo sa bersyon ng Solana 1.8.x, mapapansin mo ang iyong pagtuturo sa pagkonsumo ng CU katulad ng:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Simula sa CU</th><th>Pagpapatupad</th><th>Natitirang CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sa Solana 1.9.2 isang tampok na tinatawag na &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; ay ipinakilala kung saan ang isang Transaksyon, bilang default, ay may 200_000 CU na badyet at ang mga naka-encapsulate na instruction na <strong><em>ay kumukuha</em></strong> mula sa badyet ng Transaksyon na iyon. Parehong tumatakbo ang transaksyon tulad ng nabanggit sa itaas ay magkakaroon ng ibang pag-uugali:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Simula sa CU</th><th>Pagpapatupad</th><th>Natitirang CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>FAIL!!!</td><td>FAIL!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Hays! Kung hindi mo alam ito, malamang na mabigo ka dahil walang pagbabago sa iyong pag-uugali sa pagtuturo magiging sanhi nito. Sa devnet ito ay gumana nang maayos, ngunit sa lokal na ito ay nabigo?!?</p><p>May kakayahang taasan ang kabuuang badyet sa Transaksyon, para sabihing 300_000 CU, at iligtas ang iyong katinuan ngunit ito ay nagpapakita kung bakit ang pagsubok sa <strong><em>Feature Parity</em></strong> ay nagbibigay ng isang maagap na paraan upang maiwasan ang anumang pagkalito.</p><h2 id="katayuan-ng-tampok" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#katayuan-ng-tampok" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Katayuan ng Tampok</h2><p>Medyo madaling suriin kung anong mga feature ang pinagana para sa isang partikular na cluster gamit ang command na <code>solana feature status</code>.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Ipinapakita ayon sa feature status para sa devnet solana feature status -ut // Ipinapakita para sa testnet solana feature status -um // Ipinapakita para sa mainnet-beta status ng tampok na solana -ul // Ipinapakita para sa lokal, nangangailangan ng pagpapatakbo ng solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Bilang kahalili, maaari kang gumamit ng tool tulad ng <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> upang obserbahan ang lahat ng katayuan ng tampok sa mga cluster na magpapakita, bahagyang screen na ipinapakita dito, at hindi nangangailangan ng <code>solana-test-validator</code> na tumakbo:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="pagsubok-sa-pagkakapantay-pantay" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagsubok-sa-pagkakapantay-pantay" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagsubok sa Pagkakapantay-pantay</h2><p>Gaya ng nabanggit sa itaas, awtomatikong ina-activate ng <code>solana-test-validator</code> ang <strong>lahat</strong> ng mga feature. Kaya&#39;t upang masagot ang tanong na &quot;Paano ko masusubok nang lokal sa isang environment na may pagkakapareho sa devnet, testnet o kahit mainnet-beta?&quot;.</p><p>Solusyon: Ang mga PR ay idinagdag sa Solana 1.9.6 upang payagan ang pag-deactivate ng mga feature:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt; ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="simpleng-pagpapakita" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#simpleng-pagpapakita" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Simpleng Pagpapakita</h2><p>Ipagpalagay na mayroon kang isang simpleng programa na nag-log sa data na natatanggap nito sa entry-point nito. At ikaw ay pagsubok ng isang transaksyon na nagdaragdag ng dalawang (2) mga instruction para sa iyong programa.</p><h3 id="na-activate-ang-lahat-ng-feature" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#na-activate-ang-lahat-ng-feature" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Na-activate ang lahat ng feature</h3><ol><li>Sisimulan mo ang test validator sa isang terminal:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Sa ibang terminal sisimulan mo ang log streamer:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>Pagkatapos ay patakbuhin mo ang iyong transaksyon. Makakakita ka ng katulad sa log terminal (na-edit para sa kalinawan):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[ </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>Dahil ang aming feature na &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; ay awtomatikong naisaaktibo bilang default, sinusunod namin ang bawat isa pagtuturo na kumukuha ng CU mula sa panimulang Transaksyon na badyet na 200_000 CU.</p><h3 id="na-deactivate-ang-mga-piling-feature" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#na-deactivate-ang-mga-piling-feature" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Na-deactivate ang mga piling feature</h3><ol><li>Para sa run na ito, gusto nating tumakbo upang ang pag-uugali ng badyet ng CU ay naaayon sa kung ano ang tumatakbo sa devnet. Gamit ang (mga) tool na inilalarawan sa <a href="#feature-status">Status ng Tampok</a> ibinubukod namin ang pampublikong key na <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> at gamitin ang <code>--deactivate-feature</code> sa test validator startup</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Nakita namin ngayon sa aming mga log na ang aming mga instruction ay mayroon na ngayong sariling 200_000 CU na badyet (na-edit para sa kalinawan) na kasalukuyang estado sa lahat ng upstream cluster:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="buong-parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#buong-parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Buong Parity Testing</h2><p>Maaari kang maging ganap na pare-pareho sa isang partikular na cluster sa pamamagitan ng pagtukoy sa bawat feature na hindi na-activate pa at magdagdag ng <code>--deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;</code> para sa bawat isa kapag gumagamit ng <code>solana-test-validator</code>:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Bilang kahalili, ang <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> ay nagbibigay ng command switch upang i-output ang kumpletong na-deactivate na feature itinakda para sa isang cluster na direktang i-feed sa startup ng <code>solana-test-validator</code>:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t) </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Kung magbubukas ka ng isa pang terminal, habang tumatakbo ang validator, at <code>solana feature status</code> ang makikita mo mga feature na na-deactivate na nakitang naka-deactivate sa devnet</p><h2 id="buong-parity-testing-sa-pamamagitan-ng-pag-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#buong-parity-testing-sa-pamamagitan-ng-pag-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Buong Parity Testing sa pamamagitan ng pag-program</h2><p>Para sa mga kumokontrol sa pagpapatakbo ng test validator sa loob ng kanilang test code, nagbabago ang test validator activated/deactivated features ay posible gamit ang TestValidatorGenesis. Sa Solana 1.9.6 isang function ang idinagdag sa tagabuo ng validator upang suportahan ito.</p><p>Sa ugat ng folder ng iyong program, lumikha ng bagong folder na tinatawag na <code>tests</code> at magdagdag ng <code>parity_test.rs</code> file. Narito ang mga function ng boiler place (boiler-plate kung gugustuhin mo) na ginagamit ng bawat pagsubok</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Test Boiler Plate</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>error<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">path<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get interegate feature lists from clusters</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] to use</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">gadgets_scfs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Added in Solana 1.9.2</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extended in Solana 1.9.6</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_test_validator<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Location/Name of ProgramTestGenesis ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./.ledger&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Path to BPF program (*.so) change if needed</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;target/deploy/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program name from program Cargo.toml</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM_NAME</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAM_NAME&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program public key</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM&#39;S PUBLIC KEY str</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAMS_PUBLIC_KEY_BASE58_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; public key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// UNIT TEST FOLLOWS</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Maaari na kaming magdagdag ng mga function ng pagsubok sa katawan ng <code>mod test {...}</code> upang ipakita ang default setup ng validator (naka-enable ang lahat ng feature) at pagkatapos ay i-disable ang <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> bilang bawat nakaraang mga halimbawa na nagpapatakbo ng <code>solana-test-validator</code> mula sa command line.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">All Features Test</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Disable Tx CU Test</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_base_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated (default for TestValidatorGenesis)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction to demonstrate</span> <span class="token comment">// that each instruction CU draws down from default Transaction CU (200_000)</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span> <span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; feature</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Bilang kahalili, ang <a href="#resources">scfs engine gadget</a> ay maaaring makagawa ng isang buong vector ng na-deactivate mga tampok para sa isang kumpol. Ipinapakita ng sumusunod ang paggamit ng makinang iyon upang makakuha ng listahan ng lahat ng na-deactivate na feature para sa devnet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Devnet Parity</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml to use</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span> <span class="token comment">// from devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span> <span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span> <span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Happy Testing!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/data-migration.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Fundamentally to version data in support of migration means to create a unique reference for a collection of data. This reference can take the form of a query, an ID, or also commonly a datetime identifier. Learn about Serialization and more Ingredients for your dish at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Migrating Program Data Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.06870b65.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.51e5d8f8.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html#paano-mo-maililipat-ang-mga-data-account-ng-isang-programa" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paano mo maililipat ang mga data account ng isang programa?"><!--[--><!--]--> Paano mo maililipat ang mga data account ng isang programa? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html#sitwasyon" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Sitwasyon"><!--[--><!--]--> Sitwasyon <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html#pag-upgrade-ng-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pag-upgrade ng Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-upgrade ng Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html#_1-magdagdag-ng-lohika-ng-conversion-ng-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="1. Magdagdag ng lohika ng conversion ng account"><!--[--><!--]--> 1. Magdagdag ng lohika ng conversion ng account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="paglilipat-ng-mga-account-ng-data-ng-programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paglilipat-ng-mga-account-ng-data-ng-programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paglilipat ng Mga Account ng Data ng Programa</h1><h2 id="paano-mo-maililipat-ang-mga-data-account-ng-isang-programa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paano-mo-maililipat-ang-mga-data-account-ng-isang-programa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paano mo maililipat ang mga data account ng isang programa?</h2><p>Kapag gumawa ka ng program, ang bawat data account ay nauugnay doon Ang programa ay magkakaroon ng isang tiyak na istraktura ng data. Kung kailangan mo para mag-upgrade ng program derived account, magkakaroon ka ng isang grupo ng mga natitirang account na nagmula sa programa na may lumang istraktura.</p><p>Sa account versioning, maaari mong i-upgrade ang iyong mga lumang account ang bagong istraktura.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Tandaan</p><p>Isa lang ito sa maraming paraan para mag-migrate ng data sa Program Owned Accounts (POA).</p></div><h2 id="sitwasyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sitwasyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sitwasyon</h2><p>Upang i-version at i-migrate ang aming data ng account, magbibigay kami ng <strong>id</strong> para sa bawat isa account. Ang id na ito ay magbibigay-daan sa amin na matukoy ang bersyon ng account kung kailan ipinapasa namin ito sa programa, at sa gayon ay pinangangasiwaan nang tama ang account.</p><p>Kunin ang sumusunod na estado at programa ng account:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Currently using state. If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another serializable backlevel one</span> <span class="token comment">/// before adding new fields here</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to uplift from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Sa aming unang bersyon ng isang account, ginagawa namin ang sumusunod:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Aksyon</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Magsama ng field na &#39;bersyon ng data&#39; sa iyong data. Maaari itong maging isang simpleng incrementing ordinal (hal. u8) o isang bagay na mas sopistikado</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Paglalaan ng sapat na espasyo para sa paglago ng data</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Pagsisimula ng bilang ng mga constant na gagamitin sa mga bersyon ng program</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Magdagdag ng function ng update ng account sa ilalim ng <code>fn conversion_logic</code> para sa mga upgrade sa hinaharap</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sabihin nating gusto nating i-upgrade ngayon ang mga account ng aming programa para maisama isang bagong kinakailangang field, ang field na <code>somestring</code>.</p><p>Kung hindi kami naglaan ng dagdag na espasyo sa nakaraang account, magagawa namin hindi i-upgrade ang account at ma-stuck.</p><h2 id="pag-upgrade-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pag-upgrade-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pag-upgrade ng Account</h2><p>Sa aming bagong programa gusto nating magdagdag ng bagong property para sa estado ng nilalaman. Ang mga kasunod na pagbabago ay kung paano namin ginamit ang paunang programa mga konstruksyon habang ginagamit ang mga ito ngayon.</p><h3 id="_1-magdagdag-ng-lohika-ng-conversion-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-magdagdag-ng-lohika-ng-conversion-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Magdagdag ng lohika ng conversion ng account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding string to content</span> <span class="token comment">// Previous const DATA_VERSION: u8 = 0;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to upgrade from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> old <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Default sets &#39;somevalue&#39; to 0 and somestring to default &quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> new_content <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We copy the existing &#39;somevalue&#39;, the program instructions will read/update &#39;somestring&#39; without fail</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> old<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent version data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><table><thead><tr><th>(Mga) Linya</th><th>Tandaan</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>Idinagdag namin ang <code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code> ni Solana upang pasimplehin ang pagbabasa ng mga subset ng data mula sa mas malaking data block</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>Dito napanatili namin ang lumang istraktura ng nilalaman, <code>AccountContentOld</code> na linya 24, bago palawigin ang <code>AccountContentCurrent</code> simula sa linya 17.</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>Binabangga namin ang pare-parehong <code>DATA_VERSION</code></td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Mayroon na kaming &#39;nakaraang&#39; na bersyon at gusto nating malaman ang laki nito</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Ang Coup de grace ay nagdaragdag ng code upang i-upgrade ang dating estado ng nilalaman sa bagong (kasalukuyang) estado ng nilalaman</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Pagkatapos ay ina-update namin ang aming mga instruction, upang magdagdag ng bago para sa pag-update ng <code>somestring</code>, at processor para sa paghawak ng bagong pagtuturo. Tandaan na ang &#39;pag-upgrade&#39; sa istraktura ng data ay naka-encapsulated sa likod ng <code>pack/unpack</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the string in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new string {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somestring <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request 0.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Attempting to unpack&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Pagkatapos bumuo at magsumite ng instruction: <code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code> mayroon na kaming sumusunod na &#39;na-upgrade&#39; na layout ng data ng account</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference Implementation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Versioned Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Versioned Transactions"><meta name="description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="New and improved transaction format on Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Versioned Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.e1209342.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/versioned-transactions.html.7972f188.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="mga-bersyon-na-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-bersyon-na-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Bersyon na Transaksyon</h1><p>Inilabas kamakailan ni Solana ang Mga Bersyon na Transaksyon. Ang mga iminungkahing pagbabago ay ang mga sumusunod:</p><ol><li><p>Magpakilala ng bagong programa na namamahala sa mga talahanayan ng paghahanap ng on-chain na address</p></li><li><p>Magdagdag ng bagong format ng transaksyon na maaaring gumamit ng on-chain na mga talahanayan ng paghahanap ng address</p></li></ol><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>May malaking isyu ang mga legacy na transaksyon: Maximum na pinapayagang laki na 1232 bytes, at samakatuwid ang bilang ng mga account na maaaring magkasya sa isang atomic na transaksyon: 35 na address.</li><li>Address Lookup Tables (LUTs): Kapag naimbak na ang mga account sa talahanayang ito, ang address ng talahanayan ay maaaring i-reference sa isang mensahe ng transaksyon gamit ang 1-byte u8 na mga indeks.</li><li>Maaaring gamitin ang <code>solana/web3.js</code> na <code>createLookupTable()</code> upang bumuo ng bagong lookup table, pati na rin matukoy ang address nito.</li><li>Kapag nalikha ang isang LUT, maaari itong palawigin, ibig sabihin, ang mga account ay maaaring idagdag sa talahanayan.</li><li>Mga Bersyon na Transaksyon: Ang istraktura ng legacy na transaksyon ay kailangang baguhin upang maisama ang mga LUT</li><li>Bago ipinakilala ang bersyon, nag-iwan ng hindi nagamit na upper bit ang mga tx sa unang byte ng kanilang mga header, na maaaring magamit upang tahasang ideklara ang bersyon ng txs</li></ul></div><p>Pag-uusapan pa natin ang tungkol sa mga ipinakilalang pagbabago sa itaas at kung ano ang ibig sabihin ng mga ito para sa mga developer. Upang mas maunawaan ang mga pagbabago, gayunpaman, kailangan muna nating maunawaan ang anatomy ng isang regular (o legacy) na transaksyon.</p><h2 id="legacy-na-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-na-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy na Transaksyon</h2><p>Gumagamit ang Solana network ng maximum transactional unit (MTU) na laki na 1280 bytes, na sumusunod sa mga hadlang sa laki ng <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_packet" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IPv6 MTU<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> upang matiyak ang bilis at pagiging maaasahan. Nag-iiwan ito ng <strong>1232 bytes</strong> para sa packet data tulad ng mga serialized na transaksyon.</p><p>Ang isang transaksyon ay binubuo ng:</p><ol><li>Isang compact na hanay ng mga lagda, kung saan ang bawat lagda ay isang 64 byte <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ed25519<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</li><li>Isang (legacy) na mensahe</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/tx_format.1023848a.png" alt="Transaction Format"></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Compact-Array format</p><p>Ang isang compact array ay isang array na naka-serialize upang magkaroon ng mga sumusunod na bahagi:</p><ol><li>Isang haba ng array sa isang multi-byte na encoding na tinatawag na <a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#compact-u16-format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Compact-u16<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Sinusundan ng bawat array item</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_format.6984243f.png" alt="Compact array format"></p></div><h2 id="legacy-message" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-message" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy Message</h2><p>Ang isang Legacy na Mensahe ay may mga sumusunod na bahagi:</p><ol><li>Isang header</li><li>Isang compact-array ng mga address ng account, kung saan ang bawat address ng account ay tumatagal ng 32 byte</li><li>Isang kamakailang blockhash <ul><li>isang 32-byte na SHA-256 hash na ginamit upang ipahiwatig kung kailan huling naobserbahan ang ledger. Kung ang isang blockhash ay masyadong luma, tinatanggihan ito ng mga validator.</li></ul></li><li>Isang compact-array ng Mga Instruction</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/legacy_message.09ab30b7.png" alt="Legacy Message"></p><h3 id="header" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#header" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Header</h3><p>Ang header ng mensahe ay 3 byte ang haba at naglalaman ng 3 u8 integer:</p><ol><li>Ang bilang ng mga kinakailangang lagda: ang Solana runtime ay nagpapatunay sa numerong ito sa haba ng compact array ng mga lagda sa transaksyon.</li><li>Ang bilang ng mga read-only na address ng account na nangangailangan ng mga lagda.</li><li>Ang bilang ng mga read-only na address ng account na hindi nangangailangan ng mga lagda.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/message_header.8eb7d589.png" alt="Message Header"></p><h3 id="compact-array-ng-mga-address-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-ng-mga-address-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact-array ng mga address ng account</h3><p>Nagsisimula ang compact array na ito sa isang compact-u16 encoding ng bilang ng mga address ng account, na sinusundan ng:</p><ol><li><strong>Mga address ng account na nangangailangan ng mga lagda</strong>: Ang mga address na humihiling ng read at write access ay unang nakalista, na sinusundan ng mga address na humihiling ng read-only na access</li><li><strong>Mga address ng account na hindi nangangailangan ng mga lagda</strong>: Katulad ng nasa itaas, unang nakalista ang mga address na humihiling ng read at write access, na sinusundan ng mga humihiling ng read-only na access</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compat_array_of_account_addresses.7792e5c7.png" alt="Compact array of account addresses"></p><h3 id="compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact na hanay ng mga instruction</h3><p>Katulad ng hanay ng mga address ng account, ang compact array na ito ay nagsisimula sa isang compact-u16 encoding ng bilang ng mga instruction, na sinusundan ng hanay ng mga instruction. Ang bawat pagtuturo sa array ay may mga sumusunod na bahagi:</p><ol><li><strong>Program ID</strong>: kinikilala ang isang on-chain program na magpoproseso ng pagtuturo. Ito ay kinakatawan bilang u8 index sa isang address sa compact na hanay ng mga address ng account sa loob ng mensahe.</li><li><strong>Compact na hanay ng mga index ng address ng account</strong>: Ang u8 ay nag-i-index sa isang subset ng mga address ng account sa compact na hanay ng mga address ng account, na nangangailangan ng mga lagda.</li><li><strong>Compact array ng opaque u8 data</strong>: isang general purpose byte array na partikular sa program ID na nabanggit dati. Ang hanay ng data na ito ay tumutukoy sa anumang mga operasyon na dapat gawin ng program at anumang karagdagang impormasyon na maaaring hindi naglalaman ng mga account.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_ixs.6281d70b.png" alt="Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="mga-isyu-sa-mga-legacy-na-transaksyon" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-isyu-sa-mga-legacy-na-transaksyon" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Isyu sa Mga Legacy na Transaksyon</h2><p>Ano ang isyu sa modelo ng Transaksyon sa itaas?</p><p><strong>Ang maximum na laki ng isang transaksyon, at samakatuwid ang bilang ng mga account na maaaring magkasya sa isang atomic na transaksyon.</strong></p><p>Gaya ng tinalakay kanina, ang maximum na pinapayagang laki ng isang transaksyon ay <strong>1232 bytes</strong>. Ang laki ng isang account address ay 32 bytes. Kaya, ang isang transaksyon ay maaaring mag-imbak ng <strong>35 account</strong> sa pinakamagandang tindahan, na isinasaalang-alang ang ilang espasyo para sa mga header, lagda at iba pang metadata.</p><p><img src="/assets/issues_with_legacy_txs.5766db66.png" alt="Issue with legacy transactions"></p><p>Ito ay may problema dahil may ilang mga kaso kung saan ang mga developer ay kailangang magsama ng 100s ng signature-free account sa isang transaksyon. Kasalukuyang hindi ito posible sa legacy na modelo ng transaksyon. Ang solusyon na kasalukuyang ginagamit ay pansamantalang mag-imbak ng estado on-chain at gamitin ito sa ibang pagkakataon sa mga transaksyon. Hindi gumagana ang workaround na ito kapag maraming program ang kailangang buuin sa isang transaksyon. Ang bawat programa ay nangangailangan ng maramihang mga account bilang input at samakatuwid ay nahuhulog tayo sa parehong problema tulad ng dati.</p><p>Dito ipinakilala ang <strong>Address Lookup Tables (LUT)</strong>.</p><h2 id="address-lookup-tables-lut" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#address-lookup-tables-lut" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Address Lookup Tables (LUT)</h2><p>Ang ideya sa likod ng Address Lookup Tables ay ang pag-imbak ng mga address ng account sa isang tulad ng talahanayan (array) na istraktura ng data na on-chain. Kapag naimbak na ang mga account sa talahanayang ito, maaaring i-reference ang address ng talahanayan sa isang mensahe ng transaksyon. Upang tumuro sa isang indibidwal na account sa loob ng talahanayan, kailangan ng 1-byte na u8 index.</p><p><img src="/assets/luts.96a8a310.png" alt="LUTs"></p><p>Nagbubukas ito ng espasyo dahil hindi na kailangang itago ang mga address sa loob ng mensahe ng transaksyon. Kailangan lamang na i-reference ang mga ito sa anyo ng isang index sa loob ng array tulad ng talahanayan. Ito ay humahantong sa posibilidad ng pagtukoy sa 2^8=<strong>256</strong> na account, dahil ang mga account ay nire-reference gamit ang u8 index.</p><p>Kailangang maging rent-exempt ang mga LUT kapag nasimulan o kapag may idinagdag na bagong address sa talahanayan. Maaaring idagdag ang mga address sa talahanayang ito sa pamamagitan ng isang on-chain buffer, o sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagdaragdag sa mga ito sa talahanayan sa pamamagitan ng pagtuturo ng <code>Extension</code>. Higit pa rito, maaaring mag-imbak ang mga LUT ng nauugnay na metadata na sinusundan ng isang compact-array ng mga account. Sa ibaba makikita mo ang istraktura ng isang tipikal na Address Lookup Table.</p><p><img src="/assets/lut_format.060d6be2.png" alt="LUT Format"></p><p>Ang isang mahalagang patibong ng mga LUT ay dahil ang mga paghahanap ng address ay nangangailangan ng dagdag na overhead sa panahon ng pagproseso ng transaksyon, kadalasang nagkakaroon sila ng mas mataas na gastos para sa isang transaksyon.</p><h2 id="mga-bersyon-na-transaksyon-transaksyonv0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-bersyon-na-transaksyon-transaksyonv0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Bersyon na Transaksyon: TransaksyonV0</h2><p>Kailangang baguhin ang istruktura ng legacy na transaksyon upang maisama ang mga paghahanap sa talahanayan ng address. Hindi dapat masira ng mga pagbabagong ito ang pagpoproseso ng transaksyon sa Solana, at hindi rin dapat magpahiwatig ang mga ito ng anumang mga pagbabago sa format sa mga ini-invoke na programa.</p><p>Upang matiyak ang nasa itaas, mahalagang tahasang banggitin ang uri ng transaksyon: <code>legacy</code> o <code>versioned</code>. Paano namin isasama ang impormasyong ito sa isang transaksyon?</p><p>Bago ipinakilala ang bersyon, ang mga transaksyon ay nag-iwan ng hindi nagamit na upper bit sa unang byte ng kanilang mga header ng mensahe: <code>num_required_signatures</code>. Magagamit na namin ngayon ang bit na ito para tahasang ideklara ang bersyon ng aming mga transaksyon.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionedMessage</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Legacy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">V0</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token namespace">v0<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Kung ang unang bit ay nakatakda, ang natitirang mga bit sa unang byte ay mag-e-encode ng numero ng bersyon. Nagsisimula ang Solana sa &quot;Bersyon 0&quot;, na kinakailangang bersyon upang simulan ang paggamit ng mga LUT.</p><p>Kung hindi nakatakda ang unang bit, ang transaksyon ay ituturing na &quot;Legacy Transaction&quot; at ang natitira sa unang byte ay ituturing bilang unang byte ng isang naka-encode na legacy na mensahe.</p><h2 id="messagev0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#messagev0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MessageV0</h2><p>Ang istraktura ng bagong MessageV0 ay halos pareho, maliban sa dalawang maliit ngunit mahalagang pagbabago:</p><ol><li><strong>Message Header</strong>: hindi binago mula sa legacy</li><li><strong>Compact array ng mga account key</strong>: hindi nabago mula sa legacy. Ipapahiwatig namin ang hanay ng mga index na tumuturo sa mga elemento sa array na ito bilang <em>index array A</em> (makikita mo kung bakit namin ito tinutukoy sa lalong madaling panahon)</li><li><strong>Kamakailang blockhash</strong>: hindi nabago mula sa legacy</li><li><strong>Compact na hanay ng mga instruction</strong>: baguhin mula sa legacy</li><li><strong>Compact array ng address table lookups</strong>: ipinakilala sa v0</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/messagev0.c089b240.png" alt="Message v0"></p><p>Tatalakayin muna natin ang istruktura ng compact na hanay ng mga paghahanap sa talahanayan ng address bago makita kung ano ang nagbago sa hanay ng pagtuturo.</p><h3 id="compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-paghahanap-sa-talahanayan-ng-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-paghahanap-sa-talahanayan-ng-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact na hanay ng mga paghahanap sa talahanayan ng address</h3><p>Ang struct na ito ay nagpapakilala ng Address Lookup Tables (LUT) sa Mga Bersyon na Transaksyon, samakatuwid ay nagbibigay-daan sa paggamit ng mga LUT para sa pag-load ng higit pang readonly at masusulat na mga account sa iisang transaksyon.</p><p>Nagsisimula ang compact array sa isang compact-u16 encoding ng bilang ng mga paghahanap sa talahanayan ng address, na sinusundan ng isang hanay ng mga paghahanap sa talahanayan ng address. Ang bawat paghahanap ay may sumusunod na istraktura:</p><ol><li><strong>Account key</strong>: account key ng address lookup table</li><li><strong>Mga nasusulat na index</strong>: compact na hanay ng mga index na ginagamit upang i-load ang mga naisusulat na address ng account. Ipatukoy namin ang array na ito bilang <em>index array B</em>.</li><li><strong>Readonly indexes</strong>: compact array of indexes na ginagamit upang i-load ang readonly account address. Ipatukoy namin ang array na ito bilang <em>index array C</em>.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_luts.9175e491.png" alt="Compact array of LUTs"></p><p>Ngayon tingnan natin kung anong mga pagbabago ang ginawa sa compact array ng mga instruction</p><h3 id="compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-instruction-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-na-hanay-ng-mga-instruction-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact na hanay ng mga instruction</h3><p>Gaya ng tinalakay dati, ang compact na hanay ng mga legacy na instruction ay nag-iimbak ng mga indibidwal na legacy na instruction na nag-iimbak ng mga sumusunod:</p><ol><li>Program ID index</li><li>Compact na hanay ng mga index ng address ng account</li><li>Compact na hanay ng opaque na 8-bit na data</li></ol><p>Ang pagbabago sa bagong pagtuturo ay wala sa istruktura ng mismong pagtuturo, ngunit ang array na ginagamit upang makakuha ng mga index mula sa para sa 1 at 2. Sa mga legacy na transaksyon, isang subset ng index array A ang ginagamit, habang sa mga bersyong transaksyon, isang subset ng pinagsamang hanay ng mga sumusunod ay ginagamit:</p><ol><li><strong>index array A</strong>: Compact array ng mga account na nakaimbak sa mensahe</li><li><strong>index array B</strong>: Mga nasusulat na index sa address table lookup</li><li><strong>index array C</strong>: Readonly index sa address table lookup</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/new_compact_array_of_ixs.54090dc5.png" alt="New Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="mga-pagbabago-sa-rpc" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-pagbabago-sa-rpc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Pagbabago sa RPC</h2><p>Ang mga tugon sa transaksyon ay mangangailangan ng bagong field ng bersyon: <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> upang isaad sa mga kliyente kung aling istraktura ng transaksyon ang kailangang sundin para sa deseryalisasyon.</p><p>Ang mga sumusunod na pamamaraan ay kailangang i-update upang maiwasan ang mga error:</p><ul><li><code>getTransaction</code></li><li><code>getBlock</code></li></ul><p>Ang sumusunod na parameter ay kailangang idagdag sa mga kahilingan:</p><p><code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0</code></p><p>Kung ang <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> ay hindi tahasang idinagdag sa kahilingan, ang bersyon ng transaksyon ay magbabalik sa <code>legacy</code>. Anumang block na naglalaman ng isang bersyon na transaksyon ay babalik na may error ng kliyente sa kaso ng isang legacy na transaksyon.</p><p>Maaari mong itakda ito sa pamamagitan ng mga kahilingang naka-format sa JSON sa endpoint ng RPC tulad ng nasa ibaba:</p><div class="language-plaintext ext-plaintext line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-plaintext"><code>curl http://localhost:8899 -X POST -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; -d \ &#39;{&quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getBlock&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [430, { &quot;encoding&quot;:&quot;json&quot;, &quot;maxSupportedTransactionVersion&quot;:0, &quot;transactionDetails&quot;:&quot;full&quot;, &quot;rewards&quot;:false }]}&#39; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>Magagawa mo rin ang parehong gamit ang <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> library.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// connect to the `devnet` cluster and get the current `slot`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> slot <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSlot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get the latest block (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> block <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>slot<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// get a specific transaction (allowing for v0 transactions)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;3jpoANiFeVGisWRY5UP648xRXs3iQasCHABPWRWnoEjeA93nc79WrnGgpgazjq4K9m8g2NJoyKoWBV1Kx5VmtwHQ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions#how-create-a-versioned-transaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/lookup-tables#how-to-create-an-address-lookup-table" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction with Address Lookup using LUTs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#limitations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Limitations of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#security-concerns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Security concerns of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#other-proposals" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Alternate proposed solutions to Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h2 id="references" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#references" aria-hidden="true">#</a> References</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transactions-V2 Proposal<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Developing with Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Debugging Solana Programs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Debugging Solana Programs"><meta name="description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:description" content="There are a number of options and supporting tools for testing and debugging a Solana BPF program."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Debugging Solana Programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.1d099feb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.a0e3b858.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#mga-katotohanan" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mga Katotohanan"><!--[--><!--]--> Mga Katotohanan <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#runtime-testing-at-debugging-sa-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Runtime Testing at Debugging sa editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Runtime Testing at Debugging sa editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#lokal-na-validator-node-testing-sa-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Lokal na Validator Node Testing sa editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Lokal na Validator Node Testing sa editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#lokal-na-validator-node-testing-mula-sa-client-apps" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Lokal na Validator Node Testing mula sa Client Apps"><!--[--><!--]--> Lokal na Validator Node Testing mula sa Client Apps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="pagde-debug-ng-mga-programang-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagde-debug-ng-mga-programang-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagde-debug ng Mga Programang Solana</h1><p>Mayroong ilang mga opsyon at pansuportang tool para sa pagsubok at pag-debug ng isang Solana program.</p><h2 id="mga-katotohanan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-katotohanan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mga Katotohanan</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang crate <code>solana-program-test</code> ay nagbibigay-daan sa paggamit ng mga walang laman na buto <strong><em>local runtime</em></strong> kung saan maaari mong subukan at i-debug interactive ang iyong programa (hal. sa vscode).</li><li>Ang crate <code>solana-validator</code> ay nagbibigay-daan sa paggamit ng <code>solana-test-validator</code> na pagpapatupad para sa mas matatag pagsubok na nangyayari sa isang <strong><em>local validator node</em></strong>. Maaari kang tumakbo mula sa editor <strong><em>ngunit breakpoints sa hindi pinapansin ang programa</em></strong>.</li><li>Ang CLI tool na <code>solana-test-validator</code> ay nagpapatakbo at naglo-load ng iyong programa at nagpoproseso ng pagpapatupad ng transaksyon mula sa command line Rust application o Javascript/Typescript application gamit ang web3.</li><li>Para sa lahat ng nasa itaas, ang liberal na paggamit ng <code>msg!</code> na macro sa iyong programa ay inirerekomenda sa simula at pagkatapos inaalis ang mga ito habang sinusubok mo at tinitiyak ang solidong gawi. Tandaan na ang <code>msg!</code> ay gumagamit ng Compute Units na maaaring tuluyang mabigo ang iyong programa sa pamamagitan ng pagpindot sa mga limitasyon ng badyet ng Compute Unit.</li></ul></div><p>Ang mga hakbang sa mga sumusunod na seksyon ay gumagamit ng <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a>. I-clone iyon sa iyo makina:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone [email protected]:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="runtime-testing-at-debugging-sa-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#runtime-testing-at-debugging-sa-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Runtime Testing at Debugging sa editor</h2><p>Buksan ang file na <code>src/lib.rs</code></p><p>Makikita mo na ang programa ay medyo simple at karaniwang nag-log lamang ng nilalaman na natanggap ni ang function ng entrypoint ng programa: <code>process_instruction</code></p><ol><li>Pumunta sa seksyong <code>#[cfg(test)]</code> at i-click ang <code>Run Tests</code>. Ito ang bubuo ng programa at pagkatapos isagawa ang <code>async fn test_transaction()</code> na pagsubok. Makikita mo ang mga log message (pinasimple) sa vscode terminal sa ibaba ang pinagmulan.</li></ol><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bpf_program_template&quot;</span> program loaded as native code Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Magtakda ng breakpoint sa mga programang <code>msg!</code> na linya (11)</li><li>Bumalik sa test module, i-click ang <code>Debug</code> at sa loob ng ilang segundo ay titigil ang debugger sa breakpoint at ngayon ay maaari mong suriin ang data, hakbang sa pamamagitan ng mga function, atbp.</li></ol><p>Ang mga pagsubok na ito ay pinapatakbo din mula sa command line na may: <code>cargo test</code> o <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. Siyempre, ang anumang mga breakpoint ay hindi papansinin.</p><p>Gaano ka ka-groovy!</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Tandaan</p><p>Tandaan na hindi ka gumagamit ng validator node kaya ang mga default na programa, blockhashes, atbp. ay hindi kinakatawan o ay hindi kikilos tulad ng gagawin nila kapag tumatakbo sa validator node. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit kami binigyan ng gang sa Solana Pagsubok sa Lokal na Validator Node!</p></div><h2 id="lokal-na-validator-node-testing-sa-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lokal-na-validator-node-testing-sa-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lokal na Validator Node Testing sa editor</h2><p>Ang integration testing gamit ang programmatic loading ng isang lokal na validator node ay tinukoy sa <code>tests/integration.rs</code> file.</p><p>Bilang default, ang mga pagsubok sa pagsasama ng template repo ay maipapatakbo lamang mula sa command line gamit ang <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. Ang mga sumusunod na hakbang ay magbibigay-daan sa iyo na tumakbo sa loob ng editor din bilang pagpapakita ng mga log ng validator ng program at mga output ng <code>msg!</code> mula sa iyong programa:</p><ol><li>Sa repo directory patakbuhin ang <code>cargo build-bpf</code> para buuin ang sample program</li><li>Sa editor, buksan ang <code>tests/integration.rs</code></li><li>Magkomento sa linya 1 -&gt; <code>// #![cfg(feature = &quot;test-bpf&quot;)]</code></li><li>Sa linya 19 baguhin ito upang mabasa: <code>.add_program(&quot;target/deploy/bpf_program_template&quot;, program_id)</code></li><li>Ipasok ang sumusunod sa linya 22 <code>solana_logger::setup_with_default(&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;);</code></li><li>I-click ang <code>Run Test</code> sa itaas ng <code>test_validator_transaction()</code> function</li></ol><p>Ilo-load nito ang validator node pagkatapos ay papayagan kang bumuo ng isang transaksyon (ang Rust na paraan) at isumite sa node gamit ang <code>RcpClient</code>.</p><p>Ang output ng programa ay magpi-print din sa terminal ng editor. Halimbawa (pinasimple):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>Ang pag-debug dito ay magbibigay-daan sa iyong i-debug ang mga function at pamamaraan na ginamit sa <strong><em>test body</em></strong> ngunit gagawin hindi breakpoint sa iyong programa.</p><p><em>The bee&#39;s knees eh?</em></p><h2 id="lokal-na-validator-node-testing-mula-sa-client-apps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lokal-na-validator-node-testing-mula-sa-client-apps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lokal na Validator Node Testing mula sa Client Apps</h2><p>Panghuli, maaari kang magsimula ng isang lokal na validating node at i-load ang iyong program at anumang mga account gamit ang <code>solana-test-validator</code> mula sa command line.</p><p>Sa diskarteng ito, kakailanganin mo ng client application gamit ang Rust <a href="#resources">RcpClient</a> o sa <a href="#resources">JavaScript o Typescript client</a></p><p>Tingnan ang <code>solana-test-validator --help</code> para sa higit pang mga detalye at opsyon. Para sa halimbawang programa narito ang pag-setup ng vanilla:</p><ol><li>Magbukas ng terminal sa repo folder</li><li>Patakbuhin ang <code>solana config set -ul</code> upang itakda ang configuration upang tumuro sa lokal</li><li>Patakbuhin ang <code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so</code></li><li>Magbukas ng isa pang terminal at patakbuhin ang <code>solana logs</code> upang simulan ang log streamer</li><li>Pagkatapos ay maaari mong patakbuhin ang iyong programa ng kliyente at obserbahan ang output ng programa sa terminal kung saan mo sinimulan ang log streamer</li></ol><p>Now that is the cat&#39;s pajamas YO!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/account-maps.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Account Maps | Solana Cookbook</title><meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.c9249bbc.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.84532932.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html#pagkuha-ng-mga-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pagkuha ng mga PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Pagkuha ng mga PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html#isang-account-sa-mapa" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Isang Account sa Mapa"><!--[--><!--]--> Isang Account sa Mapa <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="mapa-ng-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mapa-ng-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mapa ng Account</h1><p>Ang mga mapa ay mga istruktura ng data na madalas nating ginagamit sa programming upang iugnay ang isang <strong>key</strong> sa isang <strong>value</strong> ng ilang uri. Ang susi at halaga ay maaaring maging anumang arbitrary na uri at ang key ay gumaganap bilang isang identifier para sa isang naibigay na halaga na sini-save. Pagkatapos, dahil sa susi nito, ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin na mahusay na maipasok, kunin at i-update ang mga halagang ito nang mahusay.</p><p>Ang modelo ng Account ng Solana, tulad ng alam natin, ay nangangailangan ng data ng programa at ang nauugnay na data ng estado nito na maiimbak sa iba&#39;t ibang mga account. Ang mga account na ito ay may isang address na nauugnay sa kanila. Ito, sa kanyang sarili, ay gumaganap bilang isang mapa! Matuto pa tungkol sa Account mode ni Solana <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Kaya, makatuwirang iimbak ang iyong <strong>mga halaga</strong> sa magkahiwalay na mga account, na ang address nito ang <strong>key</strong> na kinakailangan upang makuha ang halaga. Ngunit nagdudulot ito ng ilang isyu, tulad ng,</p><ul><li><p>Ang mga address na binanggit sa itaas ay malamang na hindi magiging perpektong <strong>mga susi</strong>, na maaari mong matandaan at makuha ang kinakailangang halaga.</p></li><li><p>Ang mga address na binanggit sa itaas, ay tumutukoy sa mga pampublikong key ng iba&#39;t ibang <strong>Pares ng Key</strong>, kung saan ang bawat pampublikong susi (o <em>address</em>) ay magkakaroon ng <strong>pribadong key</strong> na nauugnay din dito. Ang pribadong key na ito ay kinakailangan na pumirma ng iba&#39;t ibang mga instruction kung at kapag kinakailangan, na nangangailangan sa amin na iimbak ang pribadong key sa isang lugar, na talagang <strong>hindi</strong> inirerekomenda!</p></li></ul><p>Nagpapakita ito ng problemang kinakaharap ng maraming developer ng Solana, na nagpapatupad ng lohika na parang <code>Map</code> sa kanilang mga programa. Tingnan natin ang ilang paraan kung paano natin gagawin ang problemang ito,</p><h2 id="pagkuha-ng-mga-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pagkuha-ng-mga-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pagkuha ng mga PDA</h2><p>Ang PDA ay nangangahulugang <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, at sa madaling sabi, mga address <strong>derived</strong> mula sa isang set ng seeds, at isang program id (o <em>address</em>).</p><p>Ang natatanging bagay tungkol sa mga PDA ay, ang mga address na ito ay <strong>hindi</strong> nauugnay sa anumang pribadong key. Ito ay dahil ang mga address na ito ay hindi nasa ED25519 curve. Kaya naman, <strong>lamang</strong> ang programa, kung saan nagmula ang <em>address</em> na ito, ang maaaring pumirma sa isang instruction gamit ang susi, basta ang mga buto rin. Matuto pa tungkol dito <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dito<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Ngayong may ideya na tayo tungkol sa kung ano ang mga PDA, gamitin natin ang mga ito para imapa ang ilang account! Kukuha kami ng halimbawa ng isang <strong>Blog</strong> program upang ipakita kung paano ito ipapatupad.</p><p>Sa Blog program na ito, gusto nating magkaroon ng iisang <code>Blog</code> ang bawat <code>User</code>. Ang blog na ito ay maaaring magkaroon ng anumang bilang ng <code>Mga Post</code>. Nangangahulugan iyon na <strong>namamapa</strong> namin ang bawat user sa isang blog, at ang bawat post ay <strong>namamapa</strong> sa isang partikular na blog.</p><p>Sa madaling salita, mayroong <code>1:1</code> na pagmamapa sa pagitan ng isang user at ng kanyang blog, samantalang isang <code>1:N</code> na pagmamapa sa pagitan ng isang blog at mga post nito.</p><p>Para sa pagmamapa ng <code>1:1</code>, nais nating makuha ang address ng isang blog <strong>lamang</strong> mula sa user nito, na magbibigay-daan sa amin na kunin ang isang blog, na ibinigay sa awtoridad nito (o <em>user</em>). Samakatuwid, ang mga buto para sa isang blog ay bubuuin ng <strong>authority&#39;s key</strong> nito, at posibleng prefix ng <strong>&quot;blog&quot;</strong>, upang kumilos bilang type identifier.</p><p>Para sa pagmamapa ng <code>1:N</code>, gugustuhin nating makuha ang address ng bawat post <strong>hindi lamang</strong> mula sa blog kung saan ito nauugnay, kundi pati na rin sa isa pang <strong>identifier</strong>, na nagbibigay-daan sa amin na pag-iba-ibahin ang pagitan ng <code>N </code> bilang ng mga post sa blog. Sa halimbawa sa ibaba, ang address ng bawat post ay hinango mula sa <strong>blog&#39;s key</strong>, isang <strong>slug</strong> upang matukoy ang bawat post, at isang prefix ng <strong>&quot;post&quot;</strong>, upang kumilos bilang type identifier.</p><p>Ang code ay tulad ng ipinapakita sa ibaba,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Content or Title.&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: InitBlog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: CreatePost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Instruction&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Data&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account not Writable&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Sa panig ng kliyente, maaari mong gamitin ang <code>PublicKey.findProgramAddress()</code> upang makuha ang kinakailangang <code>Blog</code> at <code>Post</code> account address, na maaari mong ipasa sa <code>connection.getAccountInfo()</code> upang makuha ang data ng account. Ang isang halimbawa ay ipinapakita sa ibaba,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authorityPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;postCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="isang-account-sa-mapa" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#isang-account-sa-mapa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Isang Account sa Mapa</h2><p>Ang isa pang paraan para ipatupad ang pagmamapa ay ang pagkakaroon ng <code>BTreeMap</code> na istraktura ng data na tahasang nakaimbak sa isang account. Ang mismong address ng account na ito ay maaaring isang PDA, o ang pampublikong key ng isang nabuong Keypair.</p><p>Ang pamamaraang ito ng pagmamapa ng mga account ay hindi perpekto dahil sa mga sumusunod na dahilan,</p><ul><li><p>Kailangan mo munang simulan ang account na nag-iimbak ng <code>BTreeMap</code>, bago mo maipasok ang mga kinakailangang key-value pairs dito. Pagkatapos, kakailanganin mo ring iimbak ang address ng account na ito sa isang lugar, upang ma-update ito sa bawat oras.</p></li><li><p>May mga limitasyon sa memorya sa isang account, kung saan ang isang account ay maaaring magkaroon ng maximum na laki na <strong>10 megabytes</strong>, na naghihigpit sa <code>BTreeMap</code> sa pag-imbak ng malaking bilang ng mga pares ng key-value.</p></li></ul><p>Samakatuwid, pagkatapos isaalang-alang ang iyong use-case, maaari mong ipatupad ang paraang ito tulad ng ipinapakita sa ibaba,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;instruction_data: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initializing map!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Inserting entry!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -&gt; blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid MapAccount account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account already has entry in Map&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Ang code sa panig ng kliyente upang subukan ang programa sa itaas ay magmumukhang isang bagay tulad ng ipinapakita sa ibaba,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;is_initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_a&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_b&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;blogs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MapData: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Get Program Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:description" content="Learn how to query data on Solana using getProgramAccounts and accountsDB"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Get Program Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.88cda781.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.382d13c1.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html#mga-filter" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="mga filter"><!--[--><!--]--> mga filter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html#dataslice" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="dataSlice"><!--[--><!--]--> dataSlice <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="kumuha-ng-mga-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kumuha-ng-mga-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kumuha ng Mga Program Accounts</h1><p>Isang paraan ng RPC na nagbabalik ng lahat ng account na pagmamay-ari ng isang programa. Kasalukuyang hindi sinusuportahan ang pagination. Ang mga kahilingan sa <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay dapat isama ang mga parameter ng <code>dataSlice</code> at/o <code>filters</code> upang mapahusay ang oras ng pagtugon at magbalik lamang ng mga nilalayong resulta.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Mga Parameter</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - Pubkey ng program na itatanong, na ibinigay bilang base58 na naka-encode na string</li><li>(opsyonal) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - Mga parameter ng configuration na naglalaman ng mga sumusunod na opsyonal na field: <ul><li>(opsyonal) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">State commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(opsyonal) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Encoding para sa data ng account, alinman sa: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code>, o <code>jsonParsed</code>. Tandaan, dapat gamitin ng mga user ng web3js ang <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(opsyonal) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - Limitahan ang ibinalik na data ng account batay sa: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Bilang ng mga byte sa data ng account upang simulan ang pagbabalik</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - Bilang ng mga byte ng data ng account na ibabalik</li></ul></li><li>(opsyonal) <code>mga filter</code>: <code>array</code> - I-filter ang mga resulta gamit ang mga sumusunod na filter object: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - Itugma ang isang serye ng mga byte sa data ng account: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Bilang ng mga byte sa data ng account upang simulan ang paghahambing</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - Data upang tumugma, bilang base58 na naka-encode na string ay limitado sa 129 bytes</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - Inihahambing ang haba ng data ng account sa ibinigay na laki ng data</li></ul></li><li>(opsyonal) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - I-wrap ang resulta sa isang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="response" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#response" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Response</h4><p>Bilang default, magbabalik ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ng hanay ng mga JSON object na may sumusunod na istraktura:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - Ang account pubkey bilang base58 na naka-encode na string</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - isang JSON object, na may mga sumusunod na sub field: <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, bilang ng lamports na itinalaga sa account</li><li><code>may-ari</code>: <code>string</code>, Ang base58 na naka-encode na pubkey ng program kung saan nakatalaga ang account</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - data na nauugnay sa account, alinman bilang naka-encode na binary data o JSON na format depende sa ibinigay na parameter ng pag-encode</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, Indikasyon kung ang account ay naglalaman ng program</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, Ang panahon kung saan susunod na uutang ang account na ito</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay isang versatile na paraan ng RPC na ibinabalik ang lahat ng account na pagmamay-ari ng isang program. Maaari nating gamitin ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> para sa ilang kapaki-pakinabang na query, gaya ng paghahanap ng:</p><ul><li>Lahat ng token account para sa isang partikular na wallet</li><li>Lahat ng token account para sa isang partikular na mint (i.e. Lahat ng <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> may hawak)</li><li>Lahat ng custom na account para sa isang partikular na programa (ibig sabihin, Lahat ng <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> user)</li></ul><p>Sa kabila ng pagiging kapaki-pakinabang nito, ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay madalas na hindi maintindihan dahil sa mga kasalukuyang hadlang nito. Marami sa mga query na sinusuportahan ng <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay nangangailangan ng mga RPC node na mag-scan ng malalaking set ng data. Ang mga pag-scan na ito ay parehong memory at resource intensive. Bilang resulta, ang mga tawag na masyadong madalas o masyadong malaki ang saklaw ay maaaring magresulta sa mga timeout ng koneksyon. Higit pa rito, sa oras ng pagsulat na ito, ang endpoint ng <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay hindi sumusuporta sa pagination. Kung ang mga resulta ng isang query ay masyadong malaki, ang tugon ay puputulin.</p><p>Upang malampasan ang mga kasalukuyang hadlang na ito, nag-aalok ang <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ng ilang kapaki-pakinabang na parameter: ibig sabihin, <code>dataSlice</code> at ang mga opsyon sa <code>filters</code> na <code>memcmp</code> at <code>dataSize</code>. Sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng mga kumbinasyon ng mga parameter na ito, maaari nating bawasan ang saklaw ng aming mga query hanggang sa mga mapapamahalaan at mahuhulaan na laki.</p><p>Ang isang karaniwang halimbawa ng <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay kinabibilangan ng pakikipag-ugnayan sa <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ang paghiling sa lahat ng account na pagmamay-ari ng Token Program na may <a href="/fil/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">pangunahing tawag</a> ay magsasangkot ng napakalaking dami ng data. Sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng mga parameter, gayunpaman, maaari nating mahusay na humiling ng data na nilalayon nating gamitin.</p><h3 id="mga-filter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mga-filter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>mga filter</code></h3><p>Ang pinakakaraniwang parameter na gagamitin sa <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay ang hanay ng <code>filters</code>. Tumatanggap ang array na ito ng dalawang uri ng mga filter, <code>dataSize</code> at <code>memcmp</code>. Bago gamitin ang alinman sa mga filter na ito, dapat na pamilyar tayo sa kung paano inilatag at na-serialize ang data na hinihiling namin.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>Sa kaso ng Token Program, makikita natin na <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ang mga token account ay 165 bytes ang haba<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Sa partikular, ang isang token account ay may walong magkakaibang field, na ang bawat field ay nangangailangan ng predictable na bilang ng mga byte. Maaari nating mailarawan kung paano inilatag ang data na ito gamit ang paglalarawan sa ibaba.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Laki ng Account"></p><p>Kung gusto nating mahanap ang lahat ng token account na pagmamay-ari ng aming wallet address, maaari nating idagdag ang <code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code> sa aming hanay ng <code>filters</code> upang paliitin ang saklaw ng aming query sa mga account na eksaktong 165 bytes ang haba. Ito lamang, gayunpaman, ay hindi sapat. Kakailanganin din nating magdagdag ng filter na naghahanap ng mga account na pagmamay-ari ng aming address. Maaabot natin ito gamit ang filter na <code>memcmp</code>.</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p>Ang filter na <code>memcmp</code>, o filter na &quot;paghahambing ng memorya,&quot; ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin na paghambingin ang data sa anumang field na nakaimbak sa aming account. Sa partikular, maaari lang kaming mag-query para sa mga account na tumutugma sa isang partikular na hanay ng mga byte sa isang partikular na posisyon. Ang <code>memcmp</code> ay nangangailangan ng dalawang argumento:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Ang posisyon kung saan magsisimulang maghambing ng data. Ang posisyon na ito ay sinusukat sa bytes at ipinahayag bilang isang integer.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: Ang data na dapat tumugma sa data ng account. Ito ay kinakatawan bilang isang base-58 na naka-encode na string ay dapat na limitado sa mas mababa sa 129 byte.</li></ul><p>Mahalagang tandaan na ang <code>memcmp</code> ay magbabalik lamang ng mga resultang eksaktong tugma sa <code>bytes</code>. Sa kasalukuyan, hindi nito sinusuportahan ang mga paghahambing para sa mga value na mas mababa o mas malaki kaysa sa <code>bytes</code> na ibinibigay namin.</p><p>Alinsunod sa aming halimbawa ng Token Program, maaari nating baguhin ang aming query upang ibalik lamang ang mga token account na pagmamay-ari ng aming wallet address. Kapag tumitingin sa isang token account, makikita natin ang unang dalawang field na nakaimbak sa isang token account ay parehong mga pubkey, at ang bawat pubkey ay 32 byte ang haba. Dahil ang <code>may-ari</code> ay ang pangalawang field, dapat nating simulan ang ating <code>memcmp</code> sa isang <code>offset</code> na 32 bytes. Mula rito, maghahanap kami ng mga account na ang field ng may-ari ay tumutugma sa aming address ng wallet.</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Laki ng Account"></p><p>Maaari nating tawagan ang query na ito sa pamamagitan ng sumusunod na halimbawa:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;uiAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Amount: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1.0 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3.0 */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;jsonParsed&quot;, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 32, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output: </span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;parsed&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;info&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;isNative&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;mint&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;state&quot;: &quot;initialized&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;tokenAmount&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;amount&quot;: &quot;998999999000000000&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;decimals&quot;: 9,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmount&quot;: 998999999,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmountString&quot;: &quot;998999999&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;type&quot;: &quot;account&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;program&quot;: &quot;spl-token&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;space&quot;: 165</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>Sa labas ng dalawang parameter ng filter, ang ikatlong pinakakaraniwang parameter para sa <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ay <code>dataSlice</code>. Hindi tulad ng parameter na <code>filters</code>, hindi babawasan ng <code>dataSlice</code> ang bilang ng mga account na ibinalik ng isang query. Sa halip, lilimitahan ng <code>dataSlice</code> ang dami ng data para sa bawat account.</p><p>Katulad ng <code>memcmp</code>, ang <code>dataSlice</code> ay tumatanggap ng dalawang argumento:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Ang posisyon (sa bilang ng mga byte) kung saan magsisimulang ibalik ang data ng account</li><li><code>length</code>: Ang bilang ng mga byte na dapat ibalik</li></ul><p>Partikular na kapaki-pakinabang ang <code>dataSlice</code> kapag nagpapatakbo kami ng mga query sa isang malaking dataset ngunit wala talagang pakialam sa data ng account mismo. Ang isang halimbawa nito ay kung gusto nating hanapin ang bilang ng mga token account (ibig sabihin, bilang ng mga may hawak ng token) para sa isang partikular na token mint.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice the empty &lt;Buffer &gt; at acccount.data) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:#?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf: [ ( tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 319, }, ), ( CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ( Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ] */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for &quot;base58&quot;, &quot;base64&quot; or &quot;base64+zstd&quot;</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;base64&quot;, &quot;dataSlice&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;length&quot;: 0 }, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output:</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama-sama ng lahat ng tatlong parameter (<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code>, at <code>memcmp</code>) maaari nating limitahan ang saklaw ng aming query at mahusay na ibalik lamang ang data kung saan kami interesado.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Accounts are an essential building block for developing on Solana. Learn about Accounts and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Accounts are an essential building block for developing on Solana. Learn about Accounts and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.3d33092a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.91bec01d.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#account-model" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Model"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Model <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#rent" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Rent"><!--[--><!--]--> Rent <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html#credit" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Credit"><!--[--><!--]--> Credit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><p>Ang mga account sa loob ng Solana ay ginagamit upang mag-imbak ng estado. Mahalaga sila building block para sa pagbuo sa Solana.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang mga account ay ginagamit upang mag-imbak ng data</li><li>Ang bawat account ay may natatanging address</li><li>Ang mga account ay may maximum na laki na 10MB (10 Mega Bytes)</li><li>Ang mga PDA account ay may max na laki na 10KB (10 Kilo Bytes)</li><li>Maaaring gamitin ang mga PDA account para mag-sign sa ngalan ng isang programa</li><li>Ang laki ng mga account ay naayos sa oras ng paggawa, ngunit maaaring isaayos gamit ang <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#how-to-change-account-size" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">realloc<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Ang imbakan ng data ng account ay binabayaran ng upa</li><li>Default na may-ari ng account ay ang System Program</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><h3 id="account-model" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-model" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Model</h3><p>Mayroong 3 uri ng mga account sa Solana:</p><ul><li>Nag-iimbak ng data ang mga data account</li><li>Nag-iimbak ang mga program account ng mga executable na programa</li><li>Mga katutubong account na nagsasaad ng mga katutubong programa sa Solana gaya ng System, Stake, at Vote</li></ul><p>Sa loob ng mga data account, mayroong 2 uri:</p><ul><li>Mga account na pagmamay-ari ng system</li><li>Mga PDA (Program Derived Address) account</li></ul><p>Ang bawat account ay may address (karaniwang pampublikong susi) at may-ari (address ng isang program account). Ang buong field ay naglilista ng isang account store ay matatagpuan sa ibaba.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>The number of lamports owned by this account</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>The program owner of this account</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>Whether this account can process instructions</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>The raw data byte array stored by this account</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>The next epoch that this account will owe rent</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Mayroong ilang mahahalagang tuntunin sa pagmamay-ari:</p><ul><li>Tanging ang may-ari ng data account ang makakapagbago ng data at mga debit na lampor nito</li><li>Sinuman ay pinahihintulutan na i-credit ang mga lampor sa isang data account</li><li>Ang may-ari ng isang account ay maaaring magtalaga ng bagong may-ari kung ang data ng account ay na-zero out</li></ul><p>Ang mga account ng programa ay hindi nag-iimbak ng estado.</p><p>Halimbawa, kung mayroon kang counter program na hinahayaan kang dagdagan ang isang counter, ikaw dapat gumawa ng dalawang account, isang account para mag-imbak ng code ng program, at isa para mag-imbak ang counter.</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.5b70d95a.jpeg" alt=""></p><p>Upang maiwasang matanggal ang isang account, dapat kang magbayad ng upa.</p><h3 id="rent" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rent" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rent</h3><p>Ang pag-iimbak ng data sa mga account ay nagkakahalaga ng SOL upang mapanatili, at ito ay pinondohan ng tinatawag na upa. Kung nagpapanatili ka ng isang minimum na balanse na katumbas ng 2 taon ng mga pagbabayad sa upa sa isang account, ang iyong account ay magiging exempt sa pagbabayad ng upa. Maaari mong kunin ang upa sa pamamagitan ng pagsasara ang account at ibabalik ang mga lamport sa iyong wallet.</p><p>Binabayaran ang upa sa dalawang magkaibang timing:</p><ol><li>Kapag tinukoy ng isang transaksyon</li><li>Sa sandaling panahon</li></ol><p>Ang isang porsyento ng upa na nakolekta ng mga account ay nawasak, habang ang iba ay ipinamamahagi para bumoto ng mga account sa dulo ng bawat slot.</p><p>Kung ang account ay walang sapat na pambayad ng renta, ang account ay ipagkakaloob at ang data inalis.</p><p>Mahalaga ring tandaan na ang mga bagong account ay dapat na walang bayad sa pagrenta.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Account Model<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip/status/1452402100470644739" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pencilflip account thread<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h3 id="credit" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#credit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Credit</h3><p>Ang pangunahing konsepto na ito ay kredito sa Pencilflip. <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=pencilflip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Follow him on Twitter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | PDAs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | PDAs"><meta name="description" content="PDAs are home to accounts that are designed to be controlled by a specific program. Learn about PDAs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="PDAs are home to accounts that are designed to be controlled by a specific program. Learn about PDAs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.02bdc9f3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.08e26e07.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html#generating-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generating PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Generating PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html#interacting-with-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="program-derived-addresses-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-derived-addresses-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)</h1><p>Ang Program Derived Addresses (Mga PDA) ay tahanan ng mga account na idinisenyo upang kontrolin ng isang partikular na programa. Sa mga PDA, ang mga programa ay maaaring mag-sign program para sa ilang partikular na address nang hindi nangangailangan ng pribadong key. Ang mga PDA ay nagsisilbing pundasyon para sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, na nagbibigay-daan sa mga Solana app na maging composable sa isa&#39;t isa.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang mga PDA ay 32 byte string na mukhang mga pampublikong key, ngunit walang kaukulang pribadong key</li><li>Ang <code>findProgramAddress</code> ay tiyak na kukuha ng PDA mula sa isang programId at mga buto (koleksyon ng mga byte)</li><li>Isang bump (isang byte) ang ginagamit upang itulak ang isang potensyal na PDA mula sa ed25519 elliptic curve</li><li>Maaaring mag-sign ang mga program para sa kanilang mga PDA sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng mga buto at bump sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Ang isang PDA ay maaari lamang pirmahan ng programa kung saan ito hinango</li><li>Bilang karagdagan sa pagpapahintulot sa mga programa na mag-sign para sa iba&#39;t ibang mga instruction, ang mga PDA ay nagbibigay din ng isang interface na parang hashmap para sa <a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="">mga indexing account</a></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Ang mga PDA ay isang mahalagang building block para sa pagbuo ng mga programa sa Solana. Sa mga PDA, maaaring mag-sign ang mga program para sa mga account habang ginagarantiyahan na walang external na user ang makakabuo din ng wastong lagda para sa parehong account. Bilang karagdagan sa pag-sign para sa mga account, maaari ding baguhin ng ilang programa ang mga account na hawak sa kanilang mga PDA.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.c3a79f80.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">Larawan ng kagandahang-loob ni <a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="generating-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generating-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generating PDAs</h3><p>Upang maunawaan ang konsepto sa likod ng mga PDA, maaaring makatulong na isaalang-alang na ang mga PDA ay hindi teknikal na nilikha, ngunit sa halip ay natagpuan. Ang mga PDA ay nabuo mula sa kumbinasyon ng mga buto (gaya ng string <code>“vote_account”</code>) at isang program id. Ang kumbinasyong ito ng mga buto at program id ay pinapatakbo sa pamamagitan ng sha256 hash function upang makita kung bumubuo sila ng pampublikong key na nasa ed25519 elliptic curve o hindi.</p><p>Sa pagpapatakbo ng aming program id at seeds sa pamamagitan ng hash function, mayroong ~50% na pagkakataon na talagang magkakaroon kami ng wastong pampublikong key na nasa elliptic curve. Sa kasong ito, nagdaragdag lang kami ng isang bagay upang i-fudge ang aming input nang kaunti at subukang muli. Ang teknikal na termino para sa fudge factor na ito ay isang bump. Sa Solana, magsisimula tayo sa bump = 255 at umulit lang pababa sa bump = 254, bump = 253, atbp. hanggang sa makakuha tayo ng address na wala sa elliptic curve. Ito ay maaaring mukhang pasimula, ngunit kapag nahanap na ito ay nagbibigay sa amin ng isang tiyak na paraan ng pagkuha ng parehong PDA nang paulit-ulit.</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.7c0b9307.png" alt="PDA on the ellipitic curve"></p><h3 id="interacting-with-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#interacting-with-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Interacting with PDAs</h3><p>When a PDA is generated, <code>findProgramAddress</code> will return both the address and Kapag nabuo ang isang PDA, ibabalik ng <code>findProgramAddress</code> ang address at ang bump na ginamit upang maalis ang address sa elliptic curve. Gamit ang bump na ito, ang isang program ay maaaring <a href="/fil/references/accounts.html#sign-with-a-pda" class="">mag-sign</a> para sa anumang pagtuturo na nangangailangan ng PDA nito. Upang makapirma, dapat na ipasa ng mga programa ang pagtuturo, ang listahan ng mga account, at ang mga buto at bump na ginamit upang gawing <code>invoke_signed</code> ang PDA. Bilang karagdagan sa pag-sign para sa mga instruction, dapat ding pumirma ang mga PDA para sa sarili nilang paggawa sa pamamagitan ng <code>invoke_signed</code>.</p><p>Kapag nagtatayo gamit ang mga PDA, karaniwan nang <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">imbakin ang bump seed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sa mismong data ng account. Nagbibigay-daan ito sa mga developer na madaling ma-validate ang isang PDA nang hindi kinakailangang pumasa sa bump bilang argumento ng pagtuturo.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Program Derived Addresses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/core-concepts/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programs"><meta name="description" content="Programs (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Programs (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.d0219ea7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.ebf949b0.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL)"><!--[--><!--]--> Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#writing-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#deploying-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deploying Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deploying Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programs</h1><p>Ang sinumang developer ay maaaring magsulat at mag-deploy ng mga programa sa Solana blockchain. Ang mga programa (kilala bilang mga matalinong kontrata sa iba pang mga protocol) ay nagsisilbing pundasyon para sa on-chain na aktibidad, na nagpapagana ng anuman mula sa DeFi at NFT hanggang sa Social Media at Gaming.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Pinoproseso ng mga program ang <a href="./transactions">mga transaksyon</a> mula sa parehong mga end user at iba pang mga program</li><li>Ang lahat ng mga programa ay <em>stateless</em>: anumang data na nakipag-ugnayan sa kanila ay nakaimbak sa magkahiwalay na <a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">accounts</a> na ipinapasa sa pamamagitan ng mga instructions</li><li>Ang mga program mismo ay nakaimbak sa mga account na minarkahan bilang <code>mapapatupad</code></li><li>Lahat ng mga programa ay pagmamay-ari ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at isinasagawa ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Ang mga developer ay karaniwang nagsusulat ng mga programa sa Rust o C++, ngunit maaaring pumili ng anumang wika na nagta-target ng <a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ng <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> backend</li><li>Lahat ng mga programa ay may iisang entry point kung saan nagaganap ang pagpoproseso ng pagtuturo (i.e. <code>process_instruction</code>); palaging kasama sa mga parameter ang: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>account</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Hindi tulad ng karamihan sa iba pang mga blockchain, ganap na pinaghihiwalay ng Solana ang code mula sa data. Ang lahat ng data kung saan nakikipag-ugnayan ang mga programa ay iniimbak sa magkahiwalay na mga account at ipinapasa bilang mga sanggunian sa pamamagitan ng mga instruction. Ang modelong ito ay nagbibigay-daan para sa isang generic na programa na gumana sa iba&#39;t ibang mga account nang hindi nangangailangan ng mga karagdagang deployment. Ang mga karaniwang halimbawa ng pattern na ito ay makikita sa buong Native at SPL Programs.</p><h3 id="native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-programs-the-solana-program-library-spl" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native Programs &amp; The Solana Program Library (SPL)</h3><p>Ang Solana ay nilagyan ng ilang mga programa na nagsisilbing pangunahing mga bloke para sa mga on-chain na pakikipag-ugnayan. Ang mga programang ito ay nahahati sa <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mga Native na Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at <a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mga Programa ng Solana Program Library (SPL)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Ibinibigay ng Native Programs ang base functionality na kinakailangan para magpatakbo ng mga validator. Sa mga programang ito, ang pinakakilala ay ang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na responsable sa pangangasiwa ng mga bagong account at paglilipat ng SOL sa pagitan ng dalawang partido .</p><p>Sinusuportahan ng SPL Programs ang ilang mga on-chain na aktibidad, kabilang ang paggawa, pagpapalit, at pagpapahiram ng mga token, pati na rin ang pagbuo ng mga stake pool at pagpapanatili ng on-chain name service. Ang <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay maaaring direktang gamitin sa pamamagitan ng CLI, habang ang iba ay tulad ng <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Associated Token Account Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay karaniwang binubuo ng mga pasadyang programa.</p><h3 id="writing-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs</h3><p>Ang mga programa ay pinakakaraniwang binuo gamit ang Rust o C++, ngunit maaaring mabuo sa anumang wika na nagta-target sa backend ng BPF ng LLVM. Pinapagana ng mga kamakailang inisyatiba ng <a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> at <a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ang <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> compatibility at payagan ang mga developer na magsulat ng mga program sa Solidity.</p><p>Karamihan sa mga programang nakabatay sa kalawang ay sumusunod sa sumusunod na arkitektura:</p><table><thead><tr><th>File</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>Registering modules</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>Entrypoint to the program</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>Program API, (de)serializing instruction data</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>Program logic</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>Program objects, (de)serializing state</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>Program-specific errors</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Kamakailan, ang <a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ay lumitaw bilang isang sikat na framework para sa pagbuo ng mga programa. Ang Anchor ay isang opinionated framework, na katulad ng Ruby on Rails, na binabawasan ang boilerplate at pinapa-streamline ang (de)serialization na proseso para sa Rust-based na development.</p><p>Karaniwang binuo at sinusubok ang mga programa laban sa mga environment ng Localhost at Devnet bago i-deploy sa Testnet o Mainnet. Sinusuportahan ng Solana ang mga sumusunod na environment:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Cluster Environment</th><th>RPC Connection URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>Default port: 8899 (e.g. http://localhost:8899, http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Kapag na-deploy na sa isang environment, maaaring makipag-ugnayan ang mga kliyente sa mga on-chain na program sa pamamagitan ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC connections<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sa kaukulang cluster.</p><h3 id="deploying-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deploying-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deploying Programs</h3><p>Maaaring i-deploy ng mga developer ang kanilang mga programa sa pamamagitan ng <a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLI<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Kapag na-deploy ang isang program, iko-compile ito sa isang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF shared object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> (containing BPF bytecode) at ia-upload sa Solana cluster. Ang mga programa ay nakatira sa mga account (katulad ng lahat ng iba pa sa Solana), maliban sa mga account na ito ay minarkahan bilang <code>executable</code> at itinalaga sa BPF Loader. Ang address ng account na ito ay tinutukoy bilang <code>program_id</code> at ginagamit upang i-reference ang program sa lahat ng mga transaksyon sa hinaharap.</p><p>Sinusuportahan ng Solana ang maraming BPF Loader, na ang pinakabago ay ang <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/address/BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Upgradable BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ang BPF Loader ay may pananagutan sa pangangasiwa sa account ng programa at gawin itong available sa mga kliyente sa pamamagitan ng <code>program_id</code>. Ang lahat ng mga programa ay may iisang entry point kung saan nagaganap ang pagpoproseso ng pagtuturo (ibig sabihin, <code>process_instruction</code>) at palaging kasama sa mga parameter ang:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>account</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul><p>Kapag na-invoke, ang mga programa ay isinasagawa ng Solana Runtime.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Deploys by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://book.solmeet.dev/notes/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit by Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programming on Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to the Solana Blockchain by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transactions"><meta name="description" content="Transaction are bundles of Multiple operational units on Solana. Learn more about Transaction and Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Multiple operational units on Solana can be bundled into a single unit called Transaction. Learn more about Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transactions | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.74d43318.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.b7388dfe.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html#fees" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fees"><!--[--><!--]--> Fees <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transactions</h1><p>Maaaring mag-invoke ang mga kliyente ng <a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">programs</a> sa pamamagitan ng pagsusumite ng transaksyon sa isang cluster. Ang isang transaksyon ay maaaring magsama ng maraming instruction, ang bawat isa ay nagta-target ng sarili nitong programa. Kapag naisumite ang isang transaksyon, ipoproseso ng Solana <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ang mga instruction na ito sa pagkakasunud-sunod at atomically. Kung nabigo ang anumang bahagi ng isang pagtuturo, mabibigo ang buong transaksyon.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang mga instruction ay ang pinakapangunahing yunit ng pagpapatakbo sa Solana</li><li>Ang bawat instruction ay naglalaman ng: <ul><li>Ang <code>program_id</code> ng nilalayon na programa</li><li>Isang hanay ng lahat ng <code>account</code> na nilalayon nitong basahin o sulatan</li><li>Isang <code>instruction_data</code> byte array na partikular sa nilalayon na programa</li></ul></li><li>Maramihang mga instruction ay maaaring isama sa isang solong transaksyon</li><li>Ang bawat transaksyon ay naglalaman ng: <ul><li>Isang hanay ng lahat ng <code>account</code> na nilalayon nitong basahin o sulatan</li><li>Isa o higit pang &#39;mga instruction&#39;</li><li>Isang kamakailang <code>blockhash</code></li><li>Isa o higit pang <code>pirma</code></li></ul></li><li>Ang mga instruction ay pinoproseso sa pagkakasunud-sunod at atomically</li><li>Kung nabigo ang anumang bahagi ng isang pagtuturo, mabibigo ang buong transaksyon.</li><li>Limitado ang mga transaksyon sa 1232 bytes</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Ang Solana Runtime ay nangangailangan ng parehong mga instruction at mga transaksyon upang tukuyin ang isang listahan ng lahat ng mga account na nilayon nilang basahin o sulatan. Sa pamamagitan ng pag-aatas sa mga account na ito nang maaga, ang runtime ay nagagawang iparallelize ang pagpapatupad sa lahat ng mga transaksyon.</p><p>Kapag isinumite ang isang transaksyon sa isang cluster, ipoproseso ng runtime ang mga instruction na ito sa pagkakasunud-sunod at atomically. Para sa bawat pagtuturo, bibigyang-kahulugan ng tatanggap na programa ang array ng data nito at gagana sa mga tinukoy nitong account. Matagumpay na babalik ang program o may error code. Kung ang isang error ay ibinalik, ang buong transaksyon ay mabibigo kaagad.</p><p>Ang anumang transaksyon na naglalayong i-debit ang isang account o baguhin ang data nito ay nangangailangan ng lagda ng may hawak ng account nito. Ang anumang account na babaguhin ay minarkahan bilang <code>writable</code>. Maaaring ma-kredito ang isang account nang walang pahintulot ng may-ari hangga&#39;t sinasaklaw ng nagbabayad ng transaction fee ang kinakailangang renta at mga bayarin sa transaksyon.</p><p>Bago isumite, ang lahat ng transaksyon ay dapat sumangguni sa isang <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">recent blockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Ginagamit ang blockhash upang maiwasan ang mga duplikasyon at alisin ang mga lipas na transaksyon. Ang maximum na edad ng blockhash ng isang transaksyon ay 150 block, o humigit-kumulang ~1 minuto 19 segundo mula sa oras ng pagsulat na ito.</p><h3 id="fees" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fees" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fees</h3><p>Nangongolekta ang network ng Solana ng dalawang uri ng mga bayarin:</p><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mga bayarin sa transaksyon<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para sa pagpapalaganap ng mga transaksyon (aka &quot;mga bayarin sa gas&quot;)</li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mga bayarin sa renta<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> para sa pag-iimbak ng data on-chain</li></ul><p>Sa Solana, ang mga bayarin sa transaksyon ay deterministiko: walang konsepto ng isang market ng bayad kung saan ang mga user ay maaaring magbayad ng mas mataas na mga bayarin upang mapataas ang kanilang mga pagkakataong mapabilang sa susunod na block. Sa oras ng pagsulat na ito, ang mga bayarin sa transaksyon ay tinutukoy lamang sa pamamagitan ng bilang ng mga kinakailangang lagda (ibig sabihin, <code>lamports_per_signature</code>), hindi sa dami ng mga mapagkukunang ginamit. Ito ay dahil kasalukuyang may hard cap na 1232 bytes sa lahat ng transaksyon.</p><p>Ang lahat ng mga transaksyon ay nangangailangan ng hindi bababa sa isang <code>writable</code> na account upang lagdaan ang transaksyon. Kapag naisumite na, ang nasusulat na signer account na unang naka-serialize ang magiging nagbabayad ng bayad. Babayaran ng account na ito ang halaga ng transaksyon hindi alintana kung magtagumpay o mabigo ang transaksyon. Kung ang nagbabayad ng bayad ay walang sapat na balanse upang bayaran ang bayad sa transaksyon, ang transaksyon ay ibababa.</p><p>Sa oras ng pagsulat na ito, 50% ng lahat ng bayarin sa transaksyon ay kinokolekta ng validator na gumagawa ng block, habang ang natitirang 50% ay sinusunog. Gumagana ang istrukturang ito upang mahikayat ang mga validator na iproseso ang pinakamaraming transaksyon hangga&#39;t maaari sa kanilang mga puwang sa iskedyul ng pinuno.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Structure<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Transaction-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Fees by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to Solana by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing by Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Transaction in Depth by Alex Miller<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/fil/core-concepts/cpi.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fil-PH"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | CPIs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | CPIs"><meta name="description" content="CPIs enable programs to call instructions on other programs, allowing for the composability of Solana programs. Learn about CPIs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="CPIs enable programs to call instructions on other programs, allowing for the composability of Solana programs. Learn about CPIs and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/cpi.html.25f2d5bd.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/cpi.html.a340693f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/fil/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Pag-ambag"><!--[--><!--]--> Pag-ambag <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/fil/core-concepts/cpi.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Pagsisimula <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking with Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking with Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga pangunahing konsepto <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga Gabay <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Mga sanggunian <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="cross-program-invocations-cpis" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cross-program-invocations-cpis" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Cross Program Invocations (CPIs)</h1><p>Ang Cross-Program Invocation (CPI) ay isang direktang tawag mula sa isang programa patungo sa isa pa, na nagbibigay-daan para sa composability ng mga programang Solana. Tulad ng sinumang kliyente na maaaring tumawag sa anumang programa gamit ang JSON RPC, anumang programa ay maaaring tumawag sa anumang iba pang programa sa pamamagitan ng isang CPI. Talagang ginagawa ng mga CPI ang buong Solana ecosystem sa isang higanteng API na magagamit mo bilang isang developer.</p><p>Ang layunin ng seksyong ito ay magbigay ng mataas na antas ng pangkalahatang-ideya na mga CPI. Mangyaring sumangguni sa mga naka-link na mapagkukunan sa ibaba para sa mas detalyadong mga paliwanag, halimbawa, at walkthrough.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Ang Cross-Program Invocation (CPI) ay isang tawag mula sa isang programa patungo sa isa pa, na nagta-target ng isang partikular na instruction sa tinatawag na program</li><li>Binibigyang-daan ng mga CPI ang programa sa pagtawag na palawigin ang mga pribilehiyo ng pagpirma nito sa programang tumatawag</li><li>Maaaring magsagawa ng mga CPI ang mga programa gamit ang alinman sa <code>invoke</code> o <code>invoke_signed</code> sa loob ng kanilang mga instruction</li><li>Ang <code>invoke</code> ay ginagamit kapag ang lahat ng kinakailangang lagda ay naa-access bago ang invocation, nang hindi nangangailangan ng mga PDA na kumilos bilang mga pumirma</li><li>Ang <code>invoke_signed</code> ay ginagamit kapag ang mga PDA mula sa programa sa pagtawag ay kinakailangan bilang mga pumirma sa CPI</li><li>Pagkatapos maisagawa ang isang CPI sa isa pang programa, ang program na tumatawag ay maaaring gumawa ng karagdagang mga CPI sa iba pang mga programa, hanggang sa maximum na lalim na 4</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Pinapagana ng Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) ang composability ng mga programang Solana, na nagbibigay-daan sa mga developer na gamitin at bumuo sa pagtuturo ng mga kasalukuyang programa.</p><p>Upang magsagawa ng mga CPI, gamitin ang <a href="https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/program/fn.invoke.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> o [invoke_signed](https://docs.rs/solana-program /latest/solana_program/program/fn.invoke_signed.html) function na makikita sa <code>solana_program</code> crate.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// Used when there are not signatures for PDAs needed</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_infos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;_</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token comment">// Used when a program must provide a &#39;signature&#39; for a PDA, hence the signer_seeds parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_infos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;_</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><p>Upang makagawa ng CPI, kailangan mong tukuyin at bumuo ng isang pagtuturo sa programang ini-invoke at magbigay ng listahan ng mga account na kailangan para sa pagtuturo na iyon. Kung ang isang PDA ay kinakailangan bilang isang pumirma, ang <code>signers_seeds</code> ay dapat ding ibigay kapag gumagamit ng <code>invoke_signed</code>.</p><h3 id="cpi-with-invoke" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cpi-with-invoke" aria-hidden="true">#</a> CPI with <code>invoke</code></h3><p>Ginagamit ang function na <code>invoke</code> kapag gumagawa ng CPI na hindi nangangailangan ng anumang PDA upang kumilos bilang mga pumirma. Kapag gumagawa ng mga CPI, pinapahaba ng runtime ng Solana ang orihinal na lagda na ipinasa sa isang programa sa programa ng callee.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>some_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// instruction to invoke</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>account_one<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_two<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// accounts required by instruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h3 id="cpi-with-invoke-signed" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cpi-with-invoke-signed" aria-hidden="true">#</a> CPI with <code>invoke_signed</code></h3><p>Para gumawa ng CPI na nangangailangan ng PDA bilang signer, gamitin ang <code>invoke_signed</code> function at ibigay ang mga kinakailangang seed para makuha ang kinakailangang PDA ng calling program.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>some_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// instruction to invoke</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>account_one<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// accounts required by instruction, where one is a pda required as signer</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// seeds to derive pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>Bagama&#39;t walang sariling mga pribadong susi ang mga PDA, maaari pa rin silang kumilos bilang isang lumagda sa isang pagtuturo sa pamamagitan ng CPI. Para ma-verify na ang isang PDA ay kabilang sa calling program, ang mga seed na ginamit upang bumuo ng PDA na kinakailangan bilang isang signer ay dapat isama bilang <code>signers_seeds</code>.</p><p>Ang runtime ng Solana ay panloob na tatawag sa <code>create_program_address</code> gamit ang mga seed na ibinigay at ang <code>program_id</code> ng calling program. Ang resultang PDA ay ihahambing sa mga address na ibinigay sa pagtuturo. Kung may tugma, ang PDA ay itinuturing na isang wastong pumirma.</p><h3 id="cpi-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cpi-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> CPI <code>Instruction</code></h3><p>Depende sa program kung saan ka tumatawag, maaaring mayroong available na crate na may mga function ng helper para sa paggawa ng <code>Instruction</code>. Maraming indibidwal at organisasyon ang gumagawa ng mga crates na available sa publiko kasama ng kanilang mga programa na naglalantad ng mga ganitong uri ng mga function upang pasimplehin ang pagtawag sa kanilang mga programa.</p><p>Ang kahulugan ng uri ng <code>Pagtuturo</code> na kinakailangan para sa isang CPI ay kinabibilangan ng:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code> - ang pampublikong key ng program na nagsasagawa ng pagtuturo</li><li><code>accounts</code> - isang listahan ng lahat ng account na maaaring basahin o sulatan sa panahon ng pagpapatupad ng pagtuturo</li><li><code>data</code> - ang data ng pagtuturo na kinakailangan ng pagtuturo</li></ul><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Instruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>The <code>AccountMeta</code> struct has the following definition:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountMeta</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_writable<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>Kapag gumagawa ng CPI, gamitin ang sumusunod na syntax upang tukuyin ang <code>AccountMeta</code> para sa bawat account:</p><ul><li><code>AccountMeta::new</code> - nagsasaad ng maisusulat</li><li><code>AccountMeta::new_readonly</code> - nagsasaad ng <em>hindi</em> masusulat</li><li><code>(pubkey, true)</code> - nagsasaad na ang account ay lumagda</li><li><code>(pubkey, false)</code> - nagsasaad na ang account ay <em>hindi</em> pumirma</li></ul><p>Narito ang isang halimbawa:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_metas <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account1_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account2_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_readonly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account3_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_readonly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account4_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h3 id="cpi-accountinfo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cpi-accountinfo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> CPI <code>AccountInfo</code></h3><p>Para magamit ang <code>invoke</code> at <code>invoke_signed</code>, kailangan din ng listahan ng <code>account_infos</code>. Katulad ng listahan ng <code>AccountMeta</code> sa pagtuturo, kailangan mong isama ang lahat ng <code>AccountInfo</code> ng bawat account kung saan babasahin o susulatan ng program na iyong tinatawagan.</p><p>Para sa sanggunian, ang <code>AccountInfo</code> struct ay may sumusunod na kahulugan:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Account information</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Public key of the account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Was the transaction signed by this account&#39;s public key?</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Is the account writable?</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_writable<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// The lamports in the account. Modifiable by programs.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Rc</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RefCell</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// The data held in this account. Modifiable by programs.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Rc</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RefCell</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program that owns this account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// This account&#39;s data contains a loaded program (and is now read-only)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> executable<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// The epoch at which this account will next owe rent</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> rent_epoch<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Epoch</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><p>Maaari kang lumikha ng kopya ng <code>AccountInfo</code> para sa bawat kinakailangang account gamit ang <a href="https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/account_info/struct.AccountInfo.html#impl-Clone-for-AccountInfo%3C&#39;a%3E" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clone<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> na katangian, na ipinatupad para sa <a href="https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/account_info/struct.AccountInfo.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AccountInfo<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> struct sa <code>solana_program</code> crate .</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_infos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> account_one<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_two<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_three<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>Bagama&#39;t ang seksyong ito ay nagbigay ng mataas na antas na pangkalahatang-ideya ng mga CPI, ang mga mas detalyadong paliwanag, halimbawa, at walkthrough ay makikita sa mga naka-link na mapagkukunan sa ibaba.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#how-to-do-cross-program-invocation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Cookbook Reference<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.soldev.app/course/cpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Course Native CPI Lesson<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.soldev.app/course/anchor-cpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Course Anchor CPI Lesson<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/program-examples/tree/main/basics/cross-program-invocation" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Developers Program Examples<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">mh</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Startseite der Solana Referenzen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Startseite der Solana Referenzen"><meta name="description" content="Das Solana-Kochbuch ist eine Sammlung nützlicher Beispiele und Referenzen, um auf Solana zu entwickeln"><meta name="og:description" content="Das Solana-Kochbuch ist eine Sammlung nützlicher Beispiele und Referenzen, um auf Solana zu entwickeln"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Kochen mit Solana | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.abf8251d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.8977d14d.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a aria-current="page" href="/de/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active"><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/#beitragen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Beitragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Beitragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/#wie-man-das-kochbuch-liest" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man das Kochbuch liest"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man das Kochbuch liest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="kochen-mit-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kochen-mit-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kochen mit Solana</h1><p>Das <em>Solana Cookbook</em> ist eine Ressource für Entwickler, die die wesentlichen Konzepte und Referenzen zum Entwickeln von Anwendungen auf Solana bietet. Jedes Konzept und Referenz wird sich auf bestimmte Aspekte von Solana Development konzentrieren, und zeitgleich zusätzliche Details und Beispiele zur Verwendung bereitstellt.</p><h2 id="beitragen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#beitragen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Beitragen</h2><p>Das Kochbuch ist so gestaltet, dass es für neue Solana-Entwickler einfach ist zum Ökosystem beizutragen. Selbst wenn du nichts weißt, ist etwas dem Solana Kochbuch beizutragen, eine gute Lernquelle!</p><p>Entdecke alle offenen Probleme &quot;Issues&quot; <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Beitragsrichtlinien <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook#contributing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Wenn dir etwas im Kochbuch fehlt, erstelle bitte ein neues Problem &quot;Issue&quot;.</p><h2 id="wie-man-das-kochbuch-liest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-das-kochbuch-liest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man das Kochbuch liest</h2><p>Das Solana Kochbuch ist in verschiedene Sektionen aufgeteilt - alle abgestimmt auf ein anderes Ziel.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Sektion</th><th>Beschreibung</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Kern-Prinzipien</td><td>Bausteine ​​von Solana, die für die Entwicklung gut zu wissen sind</td></tr><tr><td>Führer</td><td>Leitfäden in Hääpchengröße zu verschiedenen Tools zum Entwickeln</td></tr><tr><td>Verweise</td><td>Verweise auf häufig benötigte Codeausschnitte</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/staking.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Staking"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Staking"><meta name="description" content="Stake SOL und verdiene Belohnungen für die Unterstützung bei der Sicherung des Netzwerks."><meta name="og:description" content="Stake SOL und verdiene Belohnungen für die Unterstützung bei der Sicherung des Netzwerks. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Erstellen von Beteiligungskonten, das Delegieren von Beteiligungen, das Zurückziehen von Beteiligungen und weitere Referenzen zum Aufbau auf Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Staking | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.9da955fb.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.420a515f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#holen-sie-sich-aktuelle-validatoren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Holen Sie sich aktuelle Validatoren"><!--[--><!--]--> Holen Sie sich aktuelle Validatoren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#einsatzkonto-erstellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Einsatzkonto erstellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Einsatzkonto erstellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#stake-delegieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Stake delegieren"><!--[--><!--]--> Stake delegieren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#delegator-durch-validatoren-abrufen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Delegator durch Validatoren abrufen"><!--[--><!--]--> Delegator durch Validatoren abrufen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#stake-deaktivieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Stake deaktivieren"><!--[--><!--]--> Stake deaktivieren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/staking.html#stake-auszahlen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Stake Auszahlen"><!--[--><!--]--> Stake Auszahlen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="staking" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#staking" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Staking</h1><h2 id="holen-sie-sich-aktuelle-validatoren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#holen-sie-sich-aktuelle-validatoren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Holen Sie sich aktuelle Validatoren</h2><p>Wir können SOL einsetzen und Belohnungen verdienen, wenn wir helfen, das Netzwerk zu sichern. Zum Abstecken delegieren wir SOL an Validatoren, die wiederum Transaktionen verarbeiten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;all validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana validators </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="einsatzkonto-erstellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#einsatzkonto-erstellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Einsatzkonto erstellen</h2><p>Alle Staking-Anweisungen werden vom [Stake-Programm] (https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program) abgewickelt. Zunächst erstellen wir ein <a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake-Konto<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, das anders erstellt und verwaltet wird als ein standardmäßiges <a href="/de/references/accounts.html#create-a-system-Konto" class="">Systemkonto</a>. Insbesondere müssen wir die „Stake Authority“ und „Withdrawal Authority“ des Kontos festlegen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="stake-delegieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#stake-delegieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Stake delegieren</h2><p>Sobald ein Stake Konto finanziert ist, kann die Stake Autoritat es an einen Prüfer delegieren. Jedes Staking Konto kann jeweils nur an einen Validator delegiert werden. Darüber hinaus müssen alle Token im Konto entweder delegiert oder nicht delegiert sein. Einmal delegiert, dauert es mehrere Epochen, bis ein Staking Konto aktiv wird.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="delegator-durch-validatoren-abrufen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delegator-durch-validatoren-abrufen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delegator durch Validatoren abrufen</h2><p>Möglicherweise haben mehrere Konten auf ein bestimmtes Validator-Konto gesetzt. Um alle Staker abzurufen, verwenden wir die API „getProgramAccounts“ oder „getParsedProgramAccounts“. Weitere Informationen finden Sie im Abschnitt <a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">Leitfäden</a>. Die Staking Accounts sind 200 Bytes lang und der Voter Public Key beginnt bei 124 Bytes. <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Referenz<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="stake-deaktivieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#stake-deaktivieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Stake deaktivieren</h2><p>Nachdem ein Pfahlkonto delegiert wurde, kann die „Pfahlbehörde“ jederzeit entscheiden, das Konto zu deaktivieren. Die Deaktivierung kann mehrere Epochen dauern und ist erforderlich, bevor SOL zurückgezogen wird.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="stake-auszahlen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#stake-auszahlen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Stake Auszahlen</h2><p>Nach der Deaktivierung kann die <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> SOL zurück auf ein Systemkonto abheben. Sobald ein Stake-Konto nicht mehr delegiert ist und einen Saldo von 0 SOL hat, wird es effektiv zerstört.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Schlüsselpaare und Geldbörsen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Schlüsselpaare und Geldbörsen"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie mehr über Schlüsselpaare und Wallets, das Signieren und Verifizieren von Nachrichten und weitere Referenzen für Building on Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie mehr über Schlüsselpaare und Wallets, das Signieren und Verifizieren von Nachrichten und weitere Referenzen für Building on Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Keypairs and Wallets | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.7c422ff4.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.52178133.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-generieren-sie-ein-neues-schlusselpaar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So generieren Sie ein neues Schlüsselpaar"><!--[--><!--]--> So generieren Sie ein neues Schlüsselpaar <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einem-geheimnis-wieder-her" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einem Geheimnis wieder her"><!--[--><!--]--> So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einem Geheimnis wieder her <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-verifizieren-sie-ein-schlusselpaar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So verifizieren Sie ein Schlüsselpaar"><!--[--><!--]--> So verifizieren Sie ein Schlüsselpaar <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-uberprufen-sie-ob-ein-offentlicher-schlussel-einen-zugehorigen-privaten-schlussel-hat" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So überprüfen Sie, ob ein öffentlicher Schlüssel einen zugehörigen privaten Schlüssel hat"><!--[--><!--]--> So überprüfen Sie, ob ein öffentlicher Schlüssel einen zugehörigen privaten Schlüssel hat <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#wie-man-eine-mnemonische-phrase-generiert" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man eine mnemonische Phrase generiert"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man eine mnemonische Phrase generiert <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einer-mnemonischen-phrase-wieder-her" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einer mnemonischen Phrase wieder her"><!--[--><!--]--> So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einer mnemonischen Phrase wieder her <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-generieren-sie-eine-vanity-adresse" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So generieren Sie eine Vanity-Adresse"><!--[--><!--]--> So generieren Sie eine Vanity-Adresse <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-signieren-und-verifizieren-sie-nachrichten-mit-wallets" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So signieren und verifizieren Sie Nachrichten mit Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> So signieren und verifizieren Sie Nachrichten mit Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#so-verbinden-sie-sich-mit-einer-brieftasche" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So verbinden Sie sich mit einer Brieftasche"><!--[--><!--]--> So verbinden Sie sich mit einer Brieftasche <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#react" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="React"><!--[--><!--]--> React <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#vue" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Vue"><!--[--><!--]--> Vue <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#svelte" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Svelte"><!--[--><!--]--> Svelte <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="schlusselpaare-und-brieftaschen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#schlusselpaare-und-brieftaschen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Schlüsselpaare und Brieftaschen</h1><h2 id="so-generieren-sie-ein-neues-schlusselpaar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-generieren-sie-ein-neues-schlusselpaar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So generieren Sie ein neues Schlüsselpaar</h2><p>Viele der verschiedenen Aktionen können Sie mit den verschiedenen Solana durchführen Bibliotheken erfordern ein Schlüsselpaar oder eine Brieftasche. Wenn Sie eine Verbindung zu einer Brieftasche (Wallet), müssen Sie sich keine Sorgen machen. Wenn Sie jedoch ein Schlüsselpaar benötigen, müssen Sie eines generieren.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ generate_keypair.cpp -o generate_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ solana-keygen new <span class="token comment"># pubkey: 9ZNTfG4NyQgxy2SWjSiQoUyBPEvXT2xo7fKc5hPYYJ7b</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einem-geheimnis-wieder-her" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einem-geheimnis-wieder-her" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einem Geheimnis wieder her</h2><p>Wenn Sie Ihr Geheimnis bereits haben, können Sie Ihr Schlüsselpaar aus dem Geheimnis beziehen um Ihre dApp zu testen.</p><ol><li>Aus Bytes</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ keypair_from_seed.cpp -o keypair_from_seed -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>Aus Base58 String</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-verifizieren-sie-ein-schlusselpaar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-verifizieren-sie-ein-schlusselpaar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So verifizieren Sie ein Schlüsselpaar</h2><p>Wenn Sie ein Schlüsselpaar erhalten, können Sie überprüfen, ob es das Geheimnis ist oder nicht mit dem angegebenen öffentlichen Schlüssel überein stimmt.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ verify_keypair.cpp -o verify_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-uberprufen-sie-ob-ein-offentlicher-schlussel-einen-zugehorigen-privaten-schlussel-hat" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-uberprufen-sie-ob-ein-offentlicher-schlussel-einen-zugehorigen-privaten-schlussel-hat" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So überprüfen Sie, ob ein öffentlicher Schlüssel einen zugehörigen privaten Schlüssel hat</h2><p>In bestimmten Sonderfällen (z. B. einer vom Programm abgeleiteten Adresse) kann es sein, dass öffentlichen Schlüsseln kein privater Schlüssel zugeordnet ist. Sie können dies überprüfen, indem Sie nachsehen, ob der öffentliche Schlüssel auf der Kurve ed25519 liegt. Nur öffentliche Schlüssel, die auf der Kurve liegen, können von Benutzern mit Wallets kontrolliert werden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair.generate() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> offCurveAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>offCurveAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> errorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token comment"># Note that Keypair() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment"># Is not a valid public key</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;solana_sdk.h&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair::new() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-man-eine-mnemonische-phrase-generiert" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-eine-mnemonische-phrase-generiert" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man eine mnemonische Phrase generiert</h2><p>Wenn Sie eine Wallet erstellen, müssen Sie eine mnemonische Phrase generieren, damit der Benutzer sie als Backup speichern kann.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einer-mnemonischen-phrase-wieder-her" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-stellen-sie-ein-schlusselpaar-aus-einer-mnemonischen-phrase-wieder-her" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So stellen Sie ein Schlüsselpaar aus einer mnemonischen Phrase wieder her</h2><p>Viele Wallet-Erweiterungen verwenden Mnemonics, um ihre geheimen Schlüssel darzustellen. Sie können die Mnemonik für lokale Tests in Schlüsselpaare konvertieren.</p><ol><li>BIP39 - Erstellen einer einzigen Brieftasche</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5ZWj7a1f8tWkjBESHKgrLmXshuXxqeY9SYcfbshpAqPG</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>2.BIP44 (mehrere Wallets, auch HD-Wallets genannt)</p><p>Sie können mehrere Wallets aus einem einzigen Seed erstellen – auch bekannt als „hierarchische deterministische Wallets“ oder HD-Wallets:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> HDKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;micro-ed25519-hdkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hd <span class="token operator">=</span> HDKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMasterSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">derive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>privateKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-generieren-sie-eine-vanity-adresse" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-generieren-sie-eine-vanity-adresse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So generieren Sie eine Vanity-Adresse</h2><p>Vanity-Publickeys oder benutzerdefinierte Adressen sind Schlüssel, die mit bestimmten Charakteren beginnen. Beispielsweise kann eine Person einen öffentlichen Schlüssel wünschen. Beginnen Sie mit &quot;elv1s&quot; oder vielleicht sogar mit &quot;cook&quot;. Dies kann anderen Menschen helfen, sich zu merken, wem der Schlüssel gehört, und wodurch der Schlüssel leichter zu identifizieren ist.</p><p>Hinweis: Je mehr Zeichen Ihre Vanity-Adresse enthält, desto länger wird sie nehmen.</p><p>::: Warnung Sie sollten für diese Aufgabe einfach die CLI verwenden. Die Python- und TypeScript-Beispiele dienen der Veranschaulichung und sind viel langsamer als die CLI. :::</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ vanity_keypair.cpp -o vanity_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-signieren-und-verifizieren-sie-nachrichten-mit-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-signieren-und-verifizieren-sie-nachrichten-mit-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So signieren und verifizieren Sie Nachrichten mit Wallets</h2><p>Die Hauptfunktion eines Schlüsselpaars besteht darin, Nachrichten zu signieren und zu aktivieren. Überprüfung einer Unterschrift ermöglicht der Empfänger sich zu vergewissern, dass die Daten vom Eigentümer signiert wurden.</p><p>Dazu importieren wir die Kryptobibliothek <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> decodeUTF8 <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl-util&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-verbinden-sie-sich-mit-einer-brieftasche" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-verbinden-sie-sich-mit-einer-brieftasche" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So verbinden Sie sich mit einer Brieftasche</h2><p>Die <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wallet-Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>-Bibliotheken von Solana machen es einfach, Wallet-Verbindungen clientseitig zu verwalten.</p><h3 id="react" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#react" aria-hidden="true">#</a> React</h3><p>Führen Sie den folgenden Befehl aus, um die erforderlichen Abhängigkeiten zu installieren:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Die React-Wallet-Adapter-Bibliotheken ermöglichen es uns, Wallet-Verbindungszustände über Hooks und Kontextanbieter, nämlich <code>useWallet</code>, <code>WalletProvider</code>, <code>useConnection</code> und <code>ConnectionProvider</code>, beizubehalten und darauf zuzugreifen. Die React App muss mit <code>WalletProvider</code> und <code>ConnectionProvider</code> umschlossen werden.</p><p>Darüber hinaus können wir Benutzer auffordern, eine Verbindung herzustellen, indem wir <code>useWalletModal</code> verwenden, um die Sichtbarkeit des Verbindungsmodals umzuschalten und die App auch mit <code>WalletProvider</code> von <code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code> zu umschließen. Das Verbindungsmodal wickelt diesen Verbindungsfluss für uns ab, sodass wir einfach abhören können, wann sich eine Brieftasche verbunden hat. Wir wissen, dass eine Wallet verbunden ist, wenn die „useWallet“-Antwort eine „wallet“-Eigenschaft ungleich Null hat. Umgekehrt, wenn diese Eigenschaft null ist, wissen wir, dass die Brieftasche getrennt ist.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useMemo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PropsWithChildren <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletModalProvider <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletAdapterNetwork <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWalletModal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> MouseEventHandler <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Web3Provider<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PropsWithChildren<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Can be set to &#39;devnet&#39;, &#39;testnet&#39;, or &#39;mainnet-beta&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> endpoint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WalletAdapterNetwork<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Devnet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets includes all the adapters but supports tree shaking --</span> <span class="token comment">// Only the wallets you configure here will be compiled into your application</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">endpoint</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>endpoint<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">wallets</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * Make sure to wrap the App with * ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, and WalletModalProvider. * * If you have a lot of Providers already, you can combine them * into a single wrapper (i.e. Web3Provider) instead. */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">App</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AppChild</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">AppChild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Display the connection modal</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt user to connect wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>Führen Sie den folgenden Befehl aus, um die erforderlichen Abhängigkeiten zu installieren:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Das Plugin <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Wallets Vue<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ermöglicht es uns, einen Brieftaschenspeicher zu initialisieren und eine neue globale Eigenschaft „$wallet“ zu erstellen, auf die in jeder Komponente zugegriffen werden kann. Alle Eigenschaften und Methoden, die Sie von <code>useWallet()</code> erhalten können, werden <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> angezeigt. Wir importieren und rendern auch die WalletMultiButton-Komponente, damit Benutzer eine Brieftasche auswählen und sich damit verbinden können.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Vue</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> initWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">wallets</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">initWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connected<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>connected<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Wallet with public key {{ wallet.publicKey }} successfully connected! <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-else</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>Führen Sie den folgenden Befehl aus, um die erforderlichen Abhängigkeiten zu installieren:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Das Paket <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ermöglicht es, einen Svelte Store (<code>$walletStore</code>) hinzuzufügen, auf den unter allen JS-, TS- oder/und Svelte-Dateien zugegriffen werden kann innerhalb eines Projekts, das mit Svelte Template oder SvelteKit erstellt wurde. Unter Verwendung der Repo-Referenz <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> können Sie den Adapter für SSR oder verwenden SPA. Das UI-Paket enthält eine <code>&lt;WalletMultiButton /&gt;</code>-Komponente, mit der Benutzer eine Brieftasche auswählen können, um sich damit zu verbinden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Svelte</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletMultiButton<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SolflareWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> localStorageKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;walletAdapter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// localhost or mainnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SolflareWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{localStorageKey}</span> <span class="token attr-name">{wallets}</span> <span class="token attr-name">autoConnect</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>ConnectionProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{network}</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Kontoreferenzen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Kontoreferenzen"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie mehr über Konten auf Solana und wie Sie sie in Ihren Programmen verwenden."><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie mehr über Konten auf Solana und wie Sie sie in Ihren Programmen verwenden."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.1c2ce3f3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.e2d2d050.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-erstellen-sie-ein-systemkonto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie ein Systemkonto"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie ein Systemkonto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-berechnen-sie-die-kontokosten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So berechnen Sie die Kontokosten"><!--[--><!--]--> So berechnen Sie die Kontokosten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-erstellen-sie-konten-mit-seeds" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie Konten mit Seeds"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie Konten mit Seeds <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#generieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generieren"><!--[--><!--]--> Generieren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#erstellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Erstellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Erstellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#transferieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transferieren"><!--[--><!--]--> Transferieren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-erstellen-sie-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#generieren-sie-einen-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generieren Sie einen PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Generieren Sie einen PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#erstellen-sie-einen-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Erstellen Sie einen PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Erstellen Sie einen PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-signieren-sie-mit-einem-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So signieren Sie mit einem PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> So signieren Sie mit einem PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#programm" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Programm"><!--[--><!--]--> Programm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#client-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Client"><!--[--><!--]--> Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-erhalten-sie-programmkonten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie Programmkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie Programmkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-schließen-sie-konten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So schließen Sie Konten"><!--[--><!--]--> So schließen Sie Konten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/accounts.html#so-erhalten-sie-den-kontostand" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie den Kontostand"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie den Kontostand <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-ein-systemkonto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-ein-systemkonto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie ein Systemkonto</h2><p>Erstellen Sie ein Konto, das dem <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Systemprogramm<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> gehört. Die Solana-Laufzeit gewährt dem Besitzer eines Kontos Zugriff darauf in seine Daten schreiben oder Lamports übertragen. Beim Erstellen eines Kontos müssen wir einen festen Speicherplatz in Bytes vorbelegen (<code>Raum</code>) und genügend Lamports, um die Miete zu decken. <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Miete<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sind Kosten, die anfallen, um Konten auf Solana am Leben zu erhalten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// amount of space to reserve for the account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-berechnen-sie-die-kontokosten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-berechnen-sie-die-kontokosten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So berechnen Sie die Kontokosten</h2><p>Um Konten auf Solana am Leben zu erhalten, fallen Speicherkosten an, die als [Miete] <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> bezeichnet werden. Ein Konto kann vollständig befreit werden aus der Mieteinziehung durch Hinterlegung von mindestens zwei Jahresmieten. Für die Berechnung müssen Sie berücksichtigen die Datenmenge, die Sie im Konto speichern möchten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;rent exemption amount: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana rent <span class="token number">1500</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-konten-mit-seeds" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-konten-mit-seeds" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie Konten mit Seeds</h2><p>Sie können <code>createAccountWithSeed</code> verwenden, um Ihre Konten zu verwalten, anstatt eine Reihe verschiedener Schlüsselpaare zu erstellen.</p><h3 id="generieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generieren</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="erstellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#erstellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Erstellen</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating account with seed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="transferieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transferieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transferieren</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Only an account owned by system program can transfer via system program.</p></div><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie PDAs</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vom Programm abgeleitete Adresses (PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sind wie eine normale Adresse, jedoch mit mit den folgenden Unterschieden:</p><ol><li>Abfall von der ed25519-Kurve</li><li>Verwendung des Programms zum Signieren anstelle des privaten Schlüssels</li></ol><p><strong>Hinweis</strong>: PDA-Konten können nur im Programm erstellt werden. Die Adresse kann clientseitig erstellt werden.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Obwohl PDA von einer Programm-ID abgeleitet wird, bedeutet dies nicht, dass der PDA demselben Programm gehört. (Nehmen Sie ein Beispiel: Sie können Ihren PDA als Token-Konto initialisieren, das ein Konto ist, das dem Token-Programm gehört.)</p></div><h3 id="generieren-sie-einen-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generieren-sie-einen-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generieren Sie einen PDA</h3><p><code>findProgramAddress</code> fügt am Ende Ihres Seeds ein zusätzliches Byte hinzu. Es beginnt bei 255 bis 0 und gibt den ersten öffentlichen Schlüssel außerhalb der Kurve zurück. Sie erhalten immer dasselbe Ergebnis, wenn Sie dieselbe Programm-ID übergeben und Samen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span> <span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is [&quot;test&quot; + bump]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pda: {}, bump: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="erstellen-sie-einen-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#erstellen-sie-einen-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Erstellen Sie einen PDA</h3><p>Unten ist ein Beispielprogramm zum Erstellen eines PDA-Kontos, das dem Programm gehört, und ein Beispiel zum Aufrufen des Programms mit dem Client.</p><h4 id="program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><p>Das Folgende zeigt eine einzelne Anweisung <code>system_instruction::create_account</code>, die ein Konto mit zugewiesener Datengröße von <code>space</code>, <code>rent_lamports</code> Anzahl von Lamports für den abgeleiteten PDA erstellt. Dies wird mit dem PDA unter Verwendung von &quot;invoke_signed&quot; signiert, ähnlich wie oben beschrieben.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// find space and minimum rent required for account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-signieren-sie-mit-einem-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-signieren-sie-mit-einem-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So signieren Sie mit einem PDA</h2><p>PDAs können nur innerhalb des Programms signiert werden. Unten ist ein Programm Beispiel mit einem PDA signieren und das Programm mit dem Client aufrufen.</p><h3 id="programm" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programm</h3><p>Das Folgende zeigt eine einzelne Anweisung, die SOL von einem PDA überträgt wurde von der Saat <code>Escrow</code> auf ein Konto übergeben. <code>invoke_signed</code> ist verwendet, um mit dem PDA zu unterschreiben.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// pass bump seed for saving compute budget</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump_seed <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="client-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pdaAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pdaAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random `to`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">receiver: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-programmkonten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-programmkonten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie Programmkonten</h2><p>Gibt alle Konten zurück, die einem Programm gehören. Weitere Informationen zu <code>getProgramAccounts</code> und seiner Konfiguration finden Sie im <a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">Anleitungsabschnitt</a>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U: [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 229 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;accounts for {}, {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;:&quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;:[&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;]} &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output</span> <span class="token comment"># {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;,&quot;result&quot;:[{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:228},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd&quot;},{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:229},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:1}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-schließen-sie-konten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-schließen-sie-konten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So schließen Sie Konten</h2><p>Sie können ein Konto schließen (alle gespeicherten Daten löschen), indem Sie alle SOL. (Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>)</p><h4 id="programm-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programm-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programm</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to deploy your program first</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> newAccountKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">new account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">create account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createNewAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">close account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>closeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-den-kontostand" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-den-kontostand" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie den Kontostand</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The account {}, has {} SOL &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;balance = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> balance <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>If you want to get a token balance, you will need to know the address of token account. For more information, see <a href="/de/references/token.html" class="">Token References</a></p></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Referenzen zum Solana-Programm"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Referenzen zum Solana-Programm"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Programme mit Verweisen auf programmübergreifende Aufrufe, Lesekonten und mehr auf Solana schreiben"><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Programme mit Verweisen auf programmübergreifende Aufrufe, Lesekonten und mehr auf Solana schreiben"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programme schreiben | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.11032af6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.dd60d7aa.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#so-ubertragen-sie-sol-in-einem-programm" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So übertragen Sie SOL in einem Programm"><!--[--><!--]--> So übertragen Sie SOL in einem Programm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#wie-bekomme-ich-die-uhr-in-ein-programm" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie bekomme ich die Uhr in ein Programm?"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie bekomme ich die Uhr in ein Programm? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#passing-clock-als-konto-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Passing Clock als Konto innerhalb einer Anweisung"><!--[--><!--]--> Passing Clock als Konto innerhalb einer Anweisung <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#direkter-zugriff-auf-die-uhr-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Direkter Zugriff auf die Uhr innerhalb einer Anweisung"><!--[--><!--]--> Direkter Zugriff auf die Uhr innerhalb einer Anweisung <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#so-andern-sie-die-kontogroße" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So ändern Sie die Kontogröße"><!--[--><!--]--> So ändern Sie die Kontogröße <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#wie-man-einen-programmubergreifenden-aufruf-durchfuhrt" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man einen programmübergreifenden Aufruf durchführt"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man einen programmübergreifenden Aufruf durchführt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#so-erstellen-sie-einen-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie einen PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie einen PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#wie-man-konten-liest" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man Konten liest"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man Konten liest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#so-verifizieren-sie-konten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So verifizieren Sie Konten"><!--[--><!--]--> So verifizieren Sie Konten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/programs.html#so-lesen-sie-mehrere-anweisungen-aus-einer-transaktion" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So lesen Sie mehrere Anweisungen aus einer Transaktion"><!--[--><!--]--> So lesen Sie mehrere Anweisungen aus einer Transaktion <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programme-schreiben" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programme-schreiben" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programme schreiben</h1><h2 id="so-ubertragen-sie-sol-in-einem-programm" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-ubertragen-sie-sol-in-einem-programm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So übertragen Sie SOL in einem Programm</h2><p>Ihr Solana-Programm kann Lamports von einem Konto auf ein anderes übertragen ohne das Systemprogramm &quot;aufzurufen&quot;. Die Grundregel ist die Ihr Programm kann Lamports von jedem Konto übertragen, das Ihrem Programm überhaupt auf irgendein Konto <strong>gehört</strong> .</p><p>Das Empfängerkonto <em>muss nicht</em> ein Konto Ihres Programms sein.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span> <span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span> <span class="token comment">/// to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the &#39;from&#39; and &#39;to&#39; accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extract a service &#39;fee&#39; of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span> <span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span> <span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-bekomme-ich-die-uhr-in-ein-programm" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-bekomme-ich-die-uhr-in-ein-programm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie bekomme ich die Uhr in ein Programm?</h2><p>Das Erhalten einer Uhr kann auf zwei Arten erfolgen</p><ol><li>Übergabe von <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> an eine Anweisung</li><li>Direkter Zugriff auf die Uhr innerhalb einer Anweisung.</li></ol><p>Es ist schön, beide Methoden zu kennen, da einige ältere Programme immer noch den <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> als Konto erwarten.</p><h3 id="passing-clock-als-konto-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#passing-clock-als-konto-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Passing Clock als Konto innerhalb einer Anweisung</h3><p>Lassen Sie uns eine Anweisung erstellen, die ein Konto zum Initialisieren und den Sysvar-Pubkey erhält</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Clock sys var</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Clock sysvar</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> sysvar_clock_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Nun übergeben wir die öffentliche Sysvar-Adresse der Uhr über den Client</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="direkter-zugriff-auf-die-uhr-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#direkter-zugriff-auf-die-uhr-innerhalb-einer-anweisung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Direkter Zugriff auf die Uhr innerhalb einer Anweisung</h3><p>Lassen Sie uns dieselbe Anweisung erstellen, aber ohne den <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> von der Client-Seite zu erwarten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting clock directly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Die clientseitige Anweisung muss jetzt nur noch die Staats- und Zahlerkonten übergeben.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-andern-sie-die-kontogroße" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-andern-sie-die-kontogroße" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So ändern Sie die Kontogröße</h2><p>Sie können die Größe eines programmeigenen Kontos mit der Verwendung ändern von &quot;realloc&quot;. <code>realloc</code> kann die Größe eines Kontos auf bis zu 10 KB ändern. Wenn Sie &quot;realloc&quot; verwenden, um die Größe eines Kontos zu erhöhen, müssen Sie Lamports übertragen, um dieses Konto mietfrei zu behalten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Length = BOOL + VEC + Pubkey * n (n = number of keys)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;input: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AddKey</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;AddKey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-man-einen-programmubergreifenden-aufruf-durchfuhrt" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-einen-programmubergreifenden-aufruf-durchfuhrt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man einen programmübergreifenden Aufruf durchführt</h2><p>Ein programmübergreifender Aufruf wird einfach als Aufruf von Programmanweisungen innerhalb unseres Programms bezeichnet</p><p>. Ein bestes Beispiel hervorzuheben ist die &quot;swap&quot;-Funktionalität von Uniswap. Der <code>UniswapV2Router</code> Vertrag, ruft die notwendige Logik auf, und ruft die Übertragungsfunktion des &quot;ERC20&quot;-Vertrags auf, die von einer Person zur anderen wechseln. Genauso können wir die Anweisung eines Programms aufrufen, um eine Vielzahl von Zwecken zu erfüllen.</p><p>Werfen wir einen Blick auf unser erstes Beispiel, nämlich die Anweisung zur Übertragung des SPL-Token-Programms. Die erforderlichen Konten, die wir für eine Überweisung benötigen, sind</p><ol><li>Das Quell-Token-Konto (Das Konto, auf dem wir unsere Token halten)</li><li>Das Ziel-Token-Konto (das Konto, auf das wir unsere Token übertragen würden)</li><li>Inhaber des Quell-Token-Kontos (Unsere Wallet-Adresse, für die wir unterschreiben würden)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder&#39;s PubKey</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account to send to</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> destination_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Our wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account_holder <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Result&lt;Instruction, ProgramError&gt;) Ok(Instruction { program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER accounts, data, }) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><br> Die entsprechende Client-Anweisung wäre wie folgt. Um die Mint- und Token-Erstellungsanweisungen zu kennen, lesen Sie bitte den vollständigen Code in der Nähe. <br><br><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> u64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint and token accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Numbers</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for mint account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createMintAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> mintRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> mintDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing mint with decimals and authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeMintIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mintAuthority</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freezeAuthority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for source token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMintToInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for destination token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (transfer)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createMintAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeMintIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Schauen wir uns nun ein weiteres Beispiel an, nämlich die Anweisung create_account des Systemprogramms. Es gibt einen kleinen Unterschied zwischen der oben erwähnten Anweisung und dieser. Dort mussten wir das <code>token_program</code> nie als eines der Konten innerhalb der <code>invoke</code>-Funktion übergeben. Es gibt jedoch Ausnahmen, bei denen Sie die <code>program_id</code> der aufrufenden Anweisung übergeben müssen. In unserem Fall wäre es die program_id des <code>Systemprogramms</code>. (&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;). So jetzt wären die benötigten Accounts</p><ol><li>Das Zahlerkonto, das die Miete finanziert</li><li>Das Konto, das erstellt werden soll</li><li>Systemprogrammkonto</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>create_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Payer account for the state account creation</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> general_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Creating account for {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Instruction) Instruction::new_with_bincode( system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER &amp;SystemInstruction::CreateAccount { lamports, space, owner: *owner, }, account_metas, ) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issused program_id)</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Der entsprechende clientseitige Code sieht wie folgt aus</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-einen-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-einen-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie einen PDA</h2><p>Eine vom Programm abgeleitete Adresse ist einfach ein Konto, das dem Programm gehört, aber keinen privaten Schlüssel hat. Stattdessen wird seine Signatur durch eine Reihe von Samen und eine Beule (eine Nonce, die sicherstellt, dass es außerhalb der Kurve liegt) erhalten. Das „<strong>Generieren</strong>“ einer Programmadresse unterscheidet sich von dem „<strong>Erstellen</strong>“. Man kann einen PDA mit <code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code> generieren. Das Erstellen eines PDA bedeutet im Wesentlichen, die Adresse mit Leerzeichen zu initialisieren und den Status darauf zu setzen. Ein normales Keypair-Konto kann außerhalb unseres Programms erstellt und dann zur Initialisierung seines Status gefüttert werden. Leider wurde es für PDAs in einer Kette erstellt, da es nicht möglich ist, im eigenen Namen zu unterzeichnen. Daher verwenden wir &quot;invoke_signed&quot;, um die Samen des PDA zusammen mit der Signatur des Finanzierungskontos zu übergeben, was zur Kontoerstellung eines PDA führt.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Funding account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] PDA account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting required accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting PDA Bump from instruction data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if passed PDA and expected PDA are equal</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Assessing required lamports and creating transaction instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Invoking the instruction but with PDAs as additional signer</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setting state for PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Man kann die erforderlichen Konten wie folgt per Client senden</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdop to Payer</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">PDA Pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Created PDA successfully. Tx Hash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-man-konten-liest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-konten-liest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man Konten liest</h2><p>Fast alle Anweisungen in Solana würden mindestens 2 - 3 Konten erfordern, und sie würden über den Anweisungshandlern erwähnt, in welcher Reihenfolge diese Konten erwartet werden. Es ist ziemlich einfach, wenn wir die Methode <code>iter()</code> in Rust nutzen, anstatt die Konten manuell zu indizieren. Die Methode &quot;next_account_info&quot; schneidet im Grunde den ersten Index des Iterables und gibt das Konto zurück, das im Konten-Array vorhanden ist. Sehen wir uns eine einfache Anweisung an, die eine Reihe von Konten erwartet und jedes von ihnen analysieren muss.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Rent account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-verifizieren-sie-konten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-verifizieren-sie-konten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So verifizieren Sie Konten</h2><p>Da Programme in Solana zustandslos sind, müssen wir als Programmersteller sicherstellen, dass die übergebenen Konten so weit wie möglich validiert werden, um einen böswilligen Kontoeintrag zu vermeiden. Die grundlegenden Überprüfungen, die man durchführen kann, sind</p><ol><li>Überprüfen Sie, ob das erwartete Unterzeichnerkonto tatsächlich unterschrieben hat</li><li>Überprüfen Sie, ob die erwarteten Statuskonten als beschreibbar markiert wurden</li><li>Überprüfen Sie, ob der Besitzer des erwarteten Statuskontos die aufgerufene Programm-ID ist</li><li>Wenn Sie den Status zum ersten Mal initialisieren, überprüfen Sie, ob das Konto bereits initialisiert wurde oder nicht.</li><li>Überprüfen Sie, ob alle übergebenen programmübergreifenden IDs (falls erforderlich) wie erwartet sind.</li></ol><p>Eine grundlegende Anweisung, die ein Heldenstatuskonto initialisiert, jedoch mit den oben erwähnten Überprüfungen, wird unten definiert.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-lesen-sie-mehrere-anweisungen-aus-einer-transaktion" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-lesen-sie-mehrere-anweisungen-aus-einer-transaktion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So lesen Sie mehrere Anweisungen aus einer Transaktion</h2><p>Solana ermöglicht es uns, einen Blick auf alle Anweisungen in der aktuellen Transaktion zu werfen. Wir können sie in einer Variablen und speichern über sie iterieren. Wir können damit viele Dinge tun, z. B. nach verdächtigen Transaktionen suchen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sysvar<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">serialize_utils<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>read_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_u16<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">cookbook</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">read_multiple_instruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creator_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> program_id <span class="token operator">!=</span> id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction had ix with program id {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(creator_bump:u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(address = sysvar::instructions::id())]</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;No instructions found&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Suspicious transaction detected&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/local-development.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Lokale Entwicklung"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Lokale Entwicklung"><meta name="description" content="Richten Sie Local Validator für die lokale Entwicklerumgebung und Airdrop SOL ein. Erfahren Sie mehr über lokale Entwicklung und weitere Referenzen für Building on Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Richten Sie Local Validator für die lokale Entwicklerumgebung und Airdrop SOL ein. Erfahren Sie mehr über lokale Entwicklung und weitere Referenzen für Building on Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Local Development | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.f5643536.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/local-development.html.46e27ce6.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#starten-eines-lokalen-validators" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Starten eines lokalen Validators"><!--[--><!--]--> Starten eines lokalen Validators <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#verbindung-zu-umgebungen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Verbindung zu Umgebungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Verbindung zu Umgebungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#abonnieren-von-veranstaltungen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Abonnieren von Veranstaltungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Abonnieren von Veranstaltungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#test-sol-erhalten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Test SOL erhalten"><!--[--><!--]--> Test SOL erhalten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#verwenden-von-mainnet-konten-und-programmen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Verwenden von Mainnet-Konten und -Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Verwenden von Mainnet-Konten und -Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#so-laden-sie-konten-aus-dem-mainnet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So laden Sie Konten aus dem Mainnet"><!--[--><!--]--> So laden Sie Konten aus dem Mainnet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/local-development.html#so-laden-sie-programme-aus-dem-mainnet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So laden Sie Programme aus dem Mainnet"><!--[--><!--]--> So laden Sie Programme aus dem Mainnet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="lokale-entwicklung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lokale-entwicklung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Lokale Entwicklung</h1><h2 id="starten-eines-lokalen-validators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#starten-eines-lokalen-validators" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Starten eines lokalen Validators</h2><p>Das lokale Testen Ihres Programmcodes kann viel zuverlässiger sein als Testen auf devnet und kann Ihnen beim Testen helfen, bevor Sie es auf devnet ausprobieren.</p><p>Sie können Ihren Local-Test-Validator einrichten, indem Sie die <a href="/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="">Solana Tool Suite</a> installieren. und läuft</p><p>„Konsole solana-Test-Validator</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code> Zu den Vorteilen der Verwendung von Local-Test-Validator gehören: - Keine RPC-Ratenbegrenzungen - Keine Airdrop-Grenzen - Direkte On-Chain-Programmbereitstellung (`--bpf-program ...`) - Konten aus einem öffentlichen Cluster klonen, einschließlich Programme (`--clone ...`) - Konfigurierbare Aufbewahrung des Transaktionsverlaufs (`--limit-ledger-size ...`) - Konfigurierbare Epochenlänge (`--slots-per-epoch ...`) - Zu einem beliebigen Slot springen (`--warp-slot ...`) </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><h2 id="verbindung-zu-umgebungen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#verbindung-zu-umgebungen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Verbindung zu Umgebungen</h2><p>Wenn Sie an der Solana-Entwicklung arbeiten, müssen Sie eine Verbindung herstellen zu einem bestimmten RPC-API-Endpunkt. Solana hat 3 öffentliche Entwicklung Umgebungen:</p><ul><li>mainnet-beta https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</li><li>devnet https://api.devnet.solana.com</li><li>testnet https://api.testnet.solana.com</li></ul><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Schließlich können Sie sich auch mit einem privaten Cluster verbinden, entweder einem lokalen oder einem läuft remote mit folgendem:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// This will connect you to your local validator</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="abonnieren-von-veranstaltungen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#abonnieren-von-veranstaltungen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Abonnieren von Veranstaltungen</h2><p>Websockets bieten eine Pub/Sub-Schnittstelle, auf der Sie auf bestimmte Ereignisse lauschen können. Anstatt einen typischen HTTP-Endpunkt in regelmäßigen Abständen zu pingen, um häufige Updates zu erhalten, können Sie diese Updates stattdessen nur dann erhalten, wenn sie auftreten.</p><p>Solanas web3 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>Connection</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> generiert unter der Haube einen Websocket-Endpunkt und registriert einen Websocket-Client, wenn Sie eine neue <code> Connection</code>-Instanz (siehe Quellcode <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js/blob/45923ca00e4cc1ed079d8e55ecbee83e5b4dc174/src/connection.ts#L2100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>).</p><p>Die Klasse „Connection“ legt Pub/Sub-Methoden offen – sie beginnen alle mit „on“, wie Event-Emitter. Wenn Sie diese Listener-Methoden aufrufen, wird ein neues Abonnement für den Websocket-Client dieser „Connection“-Instanz registriert. Die Pub/Sub-Beispielmethode, die wir unten verwenden, ist <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#onAccountChange" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>onAccountChange</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Der Rückruf stellt die aktualisierten Zustandsdaten über Argumente bereit (siehe <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/modules.html#AccountChangeCallback" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>AccountChangeCallback</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> als Beispiel).</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Updated account info: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> asyncio <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>websocket_api <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> asyncio<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span> first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ on_account_change.cpp -o on_account_change -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Account<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;owner = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lamports = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;data = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;executable = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubsub_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ws_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscription<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> subscription<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Subscription successful, listening for events&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>thread<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">spawn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">move</span> <span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Waiting for a message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Connection broke with {:}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Errooooor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wss://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="test-sol-erhalten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#test-sol-erhalten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Test SOL erhalten</h2><p>Wenn Sie lokal arbeiten, benötigen Sie zum Senden etwas SOL Transaktionen. In Nicht-Mainnet-Umgebungen können Sie SOL per empfangen Airdrop an Ihre Adresse</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ request_airdrop.cpp -o request_airdrop -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tx hash = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># Return</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;1 SOL&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="verwenden-von-mainnet-konten-und-programmen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#verwenden-von-mainnet-konten-und-programmen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Verwenden von Mainnet-Konten und -Programmen</h2><p>Häufig verlassen sich lokale Tests auf Programme und Konten, die nur im Mainnet verfügbar sind. Die Solana CLI ermöglicht beides:</p><ul><li>Laden Sie Programme und Konten herunter</li><li>Laden Sie Programme und Konten in einen lokalen Validator</li></ul><h3 id="so-laden-sie-konten-aus-dem-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-laden-sie-konten-aus-dem-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So laden Sie Konten aus dem Mainnet</h3><p>Es ist möglich, das SRM-Token-Mint-Konto in eine Datei herunterzuladen:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana account -u &lt;source cluster&gt; --output &lt;output format&gt; --output-file &lt;destination file name/path&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt;</span> solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Das Laden in Ihr lokales Netz erfolgt dann, indem die Datei und die Zieladresse des Kontos (auf dem lokalen Cluster) beim Starten des Validators übergeben werden:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --account &lt;address to load the account to&gt; &lt;path to account file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-laden-sie-programme-aus-dem-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-laden-sie-programme-aus-dem-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So laden Sie Programme aus dem Mainnet</h3><p>Ebenso ist es möglich, das Programm Serum Dex v3 herunterzuladen:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana program dump -u &lt;source cluster&gt; &lt;address of account to fetch&gt; &lt;destination file name/path&gt;</span> solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Das Laden in Ihr lokales Netz erfolgt dann, indem Sie beim Starten des Validators die Datei und die Zieladresse des Programms (auf dem lokalen Cluster) übergeben:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;address to load the program to&gt; &lt;path to program file&gt; --reset</span> solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/nfts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | NFTs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | NFTs"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie NFT-Metadaten erhalten, NFT-Besitzer erhalten, NFTs auf Solana erstellen und mehr"><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie NFT-Metadaten erhalten, NFT-Besitzer erhalten, NFTs auf Solana erstellen und mehr"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>NFTs | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.d679a608.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/nfts.html.d9599439.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-erstellen-sie-eine-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie eine NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie eine NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#upload-zu-arweave" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upload zu Arweave"><!--[--><!--]--> Upload zu Arweave <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#minte-das-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Minte das NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> Minte das NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-erhalten-sie-nft-metadaten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie NFT-Metadaten"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie NFT-Metadaten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-erhalten-sie-den-besitzer-eines-nft" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie den Besitzer eines NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie den Besitzer eines NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-erhalten-sie-nft-mint-adressen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie NFT Mint-Adressen"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie NFT Mint-Adressen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V1"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V1 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v2" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V2"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V2 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#wie-bekomme-ich-alle-nfts-aus-einem-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie bekomme ich alle NFTs aus einem Wallet?"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie bekomme ich alle NFTs aus einem Wallet? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v2-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine v2"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine v2 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#wie-erstelle-ich-eine-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie erstelle ich eine Candy Machine?"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie erstelle ich eine Candy Machine? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#wie-sie-eine-candy-machine-loschen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie Sie eine Candy Machine löschen"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie Sie eine Candy Machine löschen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-finden-sie-die-candy-machine-autoritat" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So finden Sie die Candy Machine Autorität"><!--[--><!--]--> So finden Sie die Candy Machine Autorität <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-finden-sie-candy-machine-mit-der-wallet-adresse" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So finden Sie Candy Machine mit der Wallet-Adresse"><!--[--><!--]--> So finden Sie Candy Machine mit der Wallet-Adresse <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-finden-sie-candy-machine-anhand-seiner-adresse" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So finden Sie Candy Machine anhand seiner Adresse"><!--[--><!--]--> So finden Sie Candy Machine anhand seiner Adresse <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-finden-sie-gepragte-nfts-von-einer-candy-machine" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So finden Sie geprägte NFTs von einer Candy Machine"><!--[--><!--]--> So finden Sie geprägte NFTs von einer Candy Machine <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#so-fugen-sie-artikel-in-einer-candy-machine-bei" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So fügen Sie Artikel in einer Candy Machine bei"><!--[--><!--]--> So fügen Sie Artikel in einer Candy Machine bei <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/nfts.html#wie-man-einen-nft-von-einer-candy-machine-pragt" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man einen NFT von einer Candy Machine prägt"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man einen NFT von einer Candy Machine prägt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="nicht-fungible-tokens-nfts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nicht-fungible-tokens-nfts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nicht fungible Tokens (NFTs)</h1><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-eine-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-eine-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie eine NFT</h2><p>Um eine NFT zu erstellen, müssen Sie:</p><ol><li>Laden Sie das Bild zu Arweave oder IPFS hoch</li><li>Laden Sie die json-Metadaten zu Arweave oder IPFS hoch</li><li>Rufen Sie metaplex auf, um ein Konto für das NFT zu erstellen</li></ol><h3 id="upload-zu-arweave" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upload-zu-arweave" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upload zu Arweave</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> fs <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> Arweave <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> arweave <span class="token operator">=</span> Arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> host<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;arweave.net&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">443</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> protocol<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> logging<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;imageUrl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">symbol</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> external_url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attributes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> trait_type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> collection<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> family<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> properties<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> files<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> category<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creators<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> share<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> image<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;metadata txid&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;wallet.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arweave_lib <span class="token keyword">import</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> API_URL <span class="token keyword">import</span> json <span class="token comment"># Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload image to Arweave</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># Define metadata</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;symbol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CNFT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;A description about my custom NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;seller_fee_basis_points&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;external_url&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://www.customnft.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;attributes&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;trait_type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;NFT type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Test Collection&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Custom NFTs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;properties&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;files&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;uri&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;category&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;maxSupply&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;creators&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;share&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment"># 1. Load your arweave wallet</span> your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;wallet.json&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 2. Upload image to Arweave</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;image/png&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> <span class="token comment"># 3. Upload metadata to Arweave</span> meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/html&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="minte-das-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#minte-das-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Minte das NFT</h3><p>Wenn Sie das Bild und die Metadaten bereits hochgeladen haben, können Sie prägen die NFT mit dem folgenden Code.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> dotenv <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;dotenv&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> dotenv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">SOLANA_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintNFTResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>Sie können keine NFT mit einem anderen Ersteller als Ihrer Brieftasche prägen. Wenn Sie auf Creator-Probleme stoßen, vergewissern Sie sich, dass Sie in Ihren Metadaten als Ersteller aufgeführt sind.</p></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-nft-metadaten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-nft-metadaten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie NFT-Metadaten</h2><p>Metaplex NFTs haben Metadaten, die auf Arweave gespeichert sind. Um die Arweave-Metadaten zu erhalten, müssen Sie sich den Metaplex PDA besorgen und Kontodaten entschlüsseln.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { name: &#39;SMB #139&#39;, symbol: &#39;SMB&#39;, description: &#39;SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.&#39;, seller_fee_basis_points: 600, image: &#39;https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q&#39;, external_url: &#39;https://solanamonkey.business/&#39;, collection: { name: &#39;SMB Gen2&#39;, family: &#39;SMB&#39; }, attributes: [ { trait_type: &#39;Attributes Count&#39;, value: 2 }, { trait_type: &#39;Type&#39;, value: &#39;Solana&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Clothes&#39;, value: &#39;Orange Shirt&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Ears&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Mouth&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Eyes&#39;, value: &#39;Cool Glasses&#39; }, { trait_type: &#39;Hat&#39;, value: &#39;None&#39; } ], properties: { files: [ [Object], [Object] ], category: &#39;image&#39;, creators: [ [Object] ] } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-den-besitzer-eines-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-den-besitzer-eines-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie den Besitzer eines NFT</h2><p>Wenn Sie den Münzschlüssel (Token Address) eines NFT haben, können Sie seinen aktuellen Besitzer durch Sneak-Peeking auf das größte Token-Konto für diesen Mint-Key finden.</p><p>Denken Sie daran, dass NFTs einen Vorrat von 1 haben und unteilbar sind. was bedeutet, dass nur ein Token-Konto dieses Token zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt halten wird, während alle anderen Token-Konten für diesen Münzschlüssel, die dies tun einen Saldo von 0 haben.</p><p>Sobald das größte Token-Konto identifiziert ist, können wir seinen Besitzer abrufen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9&gt; } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-nft-mint-adressen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-nft-mint-adressen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie NFT Mint-Adressen</h2><p>Wenn Sie den öffentlichen Schlüssel der Candy Machine kennen, können Sie mit dem folgenden Code die Liste aller NFT-Mint-Adressen abrufen, die von dieser Candy Machine generiert wurden. Beachten Sie, dass wir den folgenden <code>memcmp</code>-Filter verwenden können, da in v1 der erste Ersteller immer die Adresse der Candy Machine ist.</p><h3 id="candy-machine-v1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V1</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="candy-machine-v2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V2</h3><p>Wenn Sie eine Candy Machine v2 verwenden, müssen Sie zuerst auf die Adresse &quot;Candy Machine Creator&quot; zugreifen, bei der es sich um einen einfachen PDA handelt, der <code>candy_machine</code> und die Adresse der Candy Machine v2 als Seeds verwendet. Sobald Sie die Creator-Adresse haben, können Sie sie auf die gleiche Weise verwenden, wie wir es für v1 getan haben.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;candy_machine&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-bekomme-ich-alle-nfts-aus-einem-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-bekomme-ich-alle-nfts-aus-einem-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie bekomme ich alle NFTs aus einem Wallet?</h2><p>Wenn Sie alle NFTs aus einer Brieftasche abrufen, müssen Sie alle Token-Konten abrufen und dann analysieren, welche NFTs sind. Dies alles kann mit <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js/blob/248b61baf89a69b88f9a461e32b1cbd54a9b0a18/src/programs/metadata/accounts/Metadata.ts#L220-L236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findDataByOwner</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> von Metaplex JS Bibliotheken durchgeführt werden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="candy-machine-v2-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine v2</h2><p>Das Metaplex JS SDK unterstützt jetzt das Erstellen und Aktualisieren von Candy Machine v2 per Code. Es ermöglicht den Entwicklern, mit dem Candy Machine v2-Programm zu interagieren und Candy Machines zu erstellen, zu aktualisieren und zu löschen sowie NFTs mit ihnen zu prägen.</p><h3 id="wie-erstelle-ich-eine-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-erstelle-ich-eine-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie erstelle ich eine Candy Machine?</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">createCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="wie-sie-eine-candy-machine-loschen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-sie-eine-candy-machine-loschen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie Sie eine Candy Machine löschen</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sol<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toBigNumber<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">deleteCandyMachine</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// request airdrop</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Airdrop signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>airdropSignature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating metaplex instance with payer as the authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">make</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Delete Candy Machine signature - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>signature<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">deleteCandyMachine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// creating a candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sellerFeeBasisPoints<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.05% royalties</span> price<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">sol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.0001 SOL</span> itemsAvailable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">toBigNumber</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 5 items available</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// deleting the candy machine</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> response <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-finden-sie-die-candy-machine-autoritat" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-finden-sie-die-candy-machine-autoritat" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So finden Sie die Candy Machine Autorität</h3><p>Um alle Candy Machines zu finden, deren Autorität ein bestimmter öffentlicher Schlüssel ist, haben wir die Funktion <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verwendet mit dem <code>type</code>-Parameter als <code>authority</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;authority&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-finden-sie-candy-machine-mit-der-wallet-adresse" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-finden-sie-candy-machine-mit-der-wallet-adresse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So finden Sie Candy Machine mit der Wallet-Adresse</h3><p>Um das Candy Machine-Objekt über seine Wallet-Adresse abzurufen, haben wir die Funktion <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findAllBy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findAllBy</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> zusammen mit dieser geben Sie den Parameter als „Wallet“ ein. Die Wallet-Adresse der Candy Machine können Sie dem Reiter „Ankerdaten“ im Explorer entnehmen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;9pr8wNxphx2PhBRbHKuH7YhPs5zbDuxx62UcDiayXxrw&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * #1 Candy Machine ID - HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachines <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;wallet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> publicKey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> candyMachines<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">#</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>index <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> Candy Machine ID - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-finden-sie-candy-machine-anhand-seiner-adresse" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-finden-sie-candy-machine-anhand-seiner-adresse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So finden Sie Candy Machine anhand seiner Adresse</h3><p>Um einen Candy Machine anhand seiner Adresse zu finden, müssen wir die Funktion <a href="https://metaplex-foundation.github.io/js/classes/js.CandyMachinesV2Client.html#findByAddress" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findByAddress</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verwenden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineViaAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-finden-sie-gepragte-nfts-von-einer-candy-machine" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-finden-sie-gepragte-nfts-von-einer-candy-machine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So finden Sie geprägte NFTs von einer Candy Machine</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">findCandyMachineMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findMintedNfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="so-fugen-sie-artikel-in-einer-candy-machine-bei" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-fugen-sie-artikel-in-einer-candy-machine-bei" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So fügen Sie Artikel in einer Candy Machine bei</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">insertItems</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertItems</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> items<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft1&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;My NFT #3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://example.com/nft3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="wie-man-einen-nft-von-einer-candy-machine-pragt" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-einen-nft-von-einer-candy-machine-pragt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man einen NFT von einer Candy Machine prägt</h3><p>Standardmäßig wäre der Eigentümer des geprägten NFT <code>metaplex.identity().publicKey</code>. Wenn Sie die NFT an eine andere Wallet prägen möchten, übergeben Sie diesen öffentlichen Schlüssel zusammen mit dem Parameter &quot;newOwner&quot;.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@metaplex-foundation/js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">mintNft</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;HSZxtWx6vgGWGsWu9SouXkHA2bAKCMtMZyMKzF2dvhrR&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">mintNft</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// by default, the owner of the minted nft would be `metaplex.identity().publicKey`. if you want to mint the nft to some other wallet, pass that public key along with the `newOwner` parameter</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">candyMachinesV2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// newOwner: new PublicKey(&quot;some-other-public-key&quot;);</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/basic-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Transaktionen versenden"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Transaktionen versenden"><meta name="description" content="Lernen Sie grundlegende Transaktionen wie das Senden von SOL, SPL-Tokens, das Berechnen von Transaktionskosten und weitere Referenzen zum Aufbauen auf Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Lernen Sie grundlegende Transaktionen wie das Senden von SOL, SPL-Tokens, das Berechnen von Transaktionskosten und weitere Referenzen zum Aufbauen auf Solana im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transaktionen versenden | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.3e9e6a63.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/basic-transactions.html.c93eecf9.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#so-senden-sie-spl-tokens" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So senden Sie SPL-Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> So senden Sie SPL-Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#so-berechnen-sie-die-transaktionskosten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So berechnen Sie die Transaktionskosten"><!--[--><!--]--> So berechnen Sie die Transaktionskosten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#getestimatedfee" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getEstimatedFee"><!--[--><!--]--> getEstimatedFee <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#getfeeformessage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getFeeForMessage"><!--[--><!--]--> getFeeForMessage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#so-fugen-sie-einer-transaktion-eine-notiz-hinzu" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So fügen Sie einer Transaktion eine Notiz hinzu"><!--[--><!--]--> So fügen Sie einer Transaktion eine Notiz hinzu <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html#so-andern-sie-das-computing-budget-die-gebuhr-prioritat-fur-eine-transaktion" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So ändern Sie das Computing-Budget, die Gebühr &amp; Priorität für eine Transaktion"><!--[--><!--]--> So ändern Sie das Computing-Budget, die Gebühr &amp; Priorität für eine Transaktion <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transaktionen-versenden" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transaktionen-versenden" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transaktionen versenden</h1><p>##So senden Sie SOL</p><p>Um SOL zu senden, müssen Sie mit dem <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SystemProgram<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> interagieren.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program <span class="token keyword">import</span> TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transfer LAMPORT_PER_SOL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> sender <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> receiver <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> LAMPORT_PER_SOL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> airdrop_signature <span class="token operator">=</span> airdrop<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>confirm_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdrop_signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> frompubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> topubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_to_send <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Airdropping some Sol to the &#39;from&#39; account</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Creating the transfer sol instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>topubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Putting the transfer sol instruction into a transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Failed to get latest blockhash.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">///Sending the transfer sol transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error transferring Sol:, {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-senden-sie-spl-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-senden-sie-spl-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So senden Sie SPL-Tokens</h2><p>Verwenden Sie das <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token-Programm<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, um SPL-Token zu übertragen. Um ein SPL-Token zu senden, müssen Sie die Kontoadresse des SPL-Tokens kennen. Sie können sowohl die Adresse abrufen als auch Token senden mit folgendem Beispiel.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet keypair and airdrop SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Wait for airdrop confirmation</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fromAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet to receive newly minted token</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create new token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the token account of the fromWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//get the token account of the toWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting 1 new token to the &quot;fromTokenAccount&quot; account we just returned/created</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// it&#39;s 1 token, but in lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendSPLTokenToAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-berechnen-sie-die-transaktionskosten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-berechnen-sie-die-transaktionskosten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So berechnen Sie die Transaktionskosten</h2><p>Zur Berechnung wird die Anzahl der Unterschriften der Transaktionskosten, die eine Transaktion benötigt herangezogen. Solange Sie kein Konto erstellen, werden dies die endgültigen Transaktionskosten sein. Um mehr über die Erstellungskosten eines Konto zu erfahren , siehe <a href="/de/references/accounts.html#calculating-rent-exemption" class="">Berechnung der Mietbefreiung</a></p><p>Die beiden folgenden Beispiele zeigen die beiden derzeit verfügbaren Möglichkeiten zur Berechnung der geschätzten Transaktionskosten.</p><p>Das erste Beispiel verwendet „getEstimatedFee“, eine neue Methode in der Klasse „Transaction“, während das zweite Beispiel „getFeeForMessage“ verwendet, das „getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash“ in der Klasse „Connection“ ersetzt.</p><h3 id="getestimatedfee" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getestimatedfee" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getEstimatedFee</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="getfeeformessage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getfeeformessage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getFeeForMessage</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> layoutFields <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> instruction<span class="token operator">:</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>layoutFields<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accountKeys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> header<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> numReadonlySignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> numRequiredSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> accounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programIdIndex<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-fugen-sie-einer-transaktion-eine-notiz-hinzu" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-fugen-sie-einer-transaktion-eine-notiz-hinzu" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So fügen Sie einer Transaktion eine Notiz hinzu</h2><p>Jede Transaktion kann unter Verwendung des [Memo-Programms] <a href="https://spl.solana.com/memo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> eine Nachricht hinzufügen. Aktuell muss noch die <code>programID</code> aus dem <strong>Memo-Programm</strong> hinzugefügt werden manuell <code>MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr</code>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> Send 1 lamport to a random address! </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Data to send in transaction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> --with-memo <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-andern-sie-das-computing-budget-die-gebuhr-prioritat-fur-eine-transaktion" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-andern-sie-das-computing-budget-die-gebuhr-prioritat-fur-eine-transaktion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So ändern Sie das Computing-Budget, die Gebühr &amp; Priorität für eine Transaktion</h2><p>Die Transaktionspriorität (TX) wird zusätzlich zur Grundgebühr durch die Zahlung einer Priorisierungsgebühr erreicht. Standardmäßig ist das Rechenbudget das Produkt von 200.000 Compute Units (CU) * Anzahl der Anweisungen, mit einem Maximum von 1,4 Mio. CU. Die Grundgebühr beträgt 5.000 Lamports. Ein microLamport ist 0,000001 Lamport.</p><p>Das Gesamtrechenbudget oder die Priorisierungsgebühr für eine einzelne TX kann umgeändert werden. Hinzufügen von Anweisungen aus dem ComputeBudgetProgram.</p><p><code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: Zahl })</code> wird eine Priorisierungsgebühr über der Grundgebühr (5.000 Lamports) hinzugefügt. Um das zu bestimmen Der Wert der Priorisierungsgebühr in Lamports die in microLamports bereitgestellt werden, werden mit dem CU-Budget multipliziert. Wenn Ihr CU-Budget beispielsweise 1 Mio. CU beträgt, und Sie Fügen Sie 1 microLamport/CU hinzu, beträgt die Priorisierungsgebühr 1 Lamport (1M * 0,000001). Die Gesamtgebühr beträgt dann 5001 Lamports.</p><p>Verwenden Sie zum Festlegen „ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({units: number})“. das neue Compute-Budget. Der angegebene Wert ersetzt den Standardwert. Transaktionen sollten die erforderliche Mindestmenge an CU anfordern Ausführung, um den Durchsatz zu maximieren oder Gebühren zu minimieren.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/anchor&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Total fee will be 5,001 Lamports for 1M CU</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief Example Budget Management</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Increase the Transaction Budget and call normal instruction(s)</span> <span class="token comment">/// Here we send redundant transactions to witness Compute Budget drawdown</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">send_instructions_demo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span> <span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Program Logs Example ( <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2mNPXeoy3kFxo12L8avsEoep65S4Ehvw2sheduDrAXbmmNJwTtXNmUrb5MM3s15eki2MWSQrwyKGAUQFZ9wAGo9K/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Explorer<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ):</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Log Output</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>[ 1] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 2] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success [ 3] [ 4] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1] [ 5] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/name-service.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Namensregistrierung"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Namensregistrierung"><meta name="description" content="Die Namensregistrierung speichert Informationen über den Domänennamen. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Auflösen von SOL-Domains, Reverse/Subdomain-Lookup, mehr über Name Service und Referenzen im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Die Namensregistrierung speichert Informationen über den Domänennamen. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Auflösen von SOL-Domains, Reverse/Subdomain-Lookup, mehr über Name Service und Referenzen im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Name Service | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.326a6c13.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/name-service.html.31d70b32.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#namensregister" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Namensregister"><!--[--><!--]--> Namensregister <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#sol-domanen-auflosen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="SOL-Domänen auflösen"><!--[--><!--]--> SOL-Domänen auflösen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#ruckwartssuche" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Rückwärtssuche"><!--[--><!--]--> Rückwärtssuche <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#subdomain-nachschlagen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Subdomain nachschlagen"><!--[--><!--]--> Subdomain nachschlagen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#finden-sie-alle-domainnamen-die-einem-offentlichen-schlussel-gehoren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Finden Sie alle Domainnamen, die einem öffentlichen Schlüssel gehören"><!--[--><!--]--> Finden Sie alle Domainnamen, die einem öffentlichen Schlüssel gehören <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#ein-twitter-handle-auflosen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ein Twitter-Handle auflösen"><!--[--><!--]--> Ein Twitter-Handle auflösen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/name-service.html#umgekehrte-suche-nach-einem-twitter-handle" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Umgekehrte Suche nach einem Twitter-Handle"><!--[--><!--]--> Umgekehrte Suche nach einem Twitter-Handle <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="namensdienst" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#namensdienst" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Namensdienst</h1><h2 id="namensregister" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#namensregister" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Namensregister</h2><p>Die Namensregistrierung speichert Informationen über den Domänennamen. Es besteht aus zwei Dingen:</p><ul><li>Die Kopfzeile</li><li>Die Daten</li></ul><p>Den Daten für einen Domainnamen wird immer der Header vorangestellt, unten ist die Struktur des Headers in JS:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Schema <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parentName&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;class&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="sol-domanen-auflosen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sol-domanen-auflosen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SOL-Domänen auflösen</h2><p>.SOL-Domains sind einzigartige, menschenfreundliche Domainnamen die in publicKeys konvertiert werden. Viele Wallets verwenden diese als eine weitere Option zum Senden von Token oder SOL. Sie können konvertieren .SOL-Domains zu ihrem publicKey mit dem Folgenden:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;levi.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.sol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ruckwartssuche" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ruckwartssuche" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rückwärtssuche</h2><p>Dies kann verwendet werden, um den Domänennamen aus seinem öffentlichen Schlüssel aufzulösen</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> performReverseLookup <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="subdomain-nachschlagen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#subdomain-nachschlagen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Subdomain nachschlagen</h2><p>Um eine Subdomain aufzulösen, müssen Sie:</p><ol><li>Holen Sie sich den Schlüssel der übergeordneten Domäne</li><li>Holen Sie sich den Subdomain-Schlüssel</li><li>Rufen Sie die Kontoinformationen ab</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getDNSRecordAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Resolution of demo.bonfida.sol</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;demo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 1</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 2</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Step 3</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="finden-sie-alle-domainnamen-die-einem-offentlichen-schlussel-gehoren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#finden-sie-alle-domainnamen-die-einem-offentlichen-schlussel-gehoren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Finden Sie alle Domainnamen, die einem öffentlichen Schlüssel gehören</h2><p>Sie können alle Domänennamen einer Brieftasche abrufen, indem Sie eine <code>getProgramAccounts</code>-Anfrage mit einem <code>memcmp</code>-Filter durchführen</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ein-twitter-handle-auflosen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ein-twitter-handle-auflosen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ein Twitter-Handle auflösen</h2><p>Twitter-Handles können [beim Solana-Namensdienst registriert] (https://naming.bonfida.org/#/twitter-registration) und wie .SOL-Domainnamen verwendet werden</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHandleAndRegistryKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="umgekehrte-suche-nach-einem-twitter-handle" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#umgekehrte-suche-nach-einem-twitter-handle" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Umgekehrte Suche nach einem Twitter-Handle</h2><p>Um die mit einem Twitter-Handle verknüpfte SOL-Adresse zu finden, können Sie eine Rückwärtssuche durchführen</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getTwitterRegistry <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@bonfida/spl-name-service&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bonfida&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/offline-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><meta name="description" content="Nach Unterzeichnung der Offline-Transaktion kann jeder sie im Netzwerk übertragen. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Senden von Offline-Transaktionen und Referenzen im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Nach Unterzeichnung der Offline-Transaktion kann jeder sie im Netzwerk übertragen. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Senden von Offline-Transaktionen und Referenzen im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Senden von Offline-Transaktionen | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.d4e0be3d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/offline-transactions.html.26de122f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#transaktion-unterzeichnen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktion unterzeichnen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktion unterzeichnen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#transaktion-teilweise-signieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktion teilweise signieren"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktion teilweise signieren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#langlebige-nonce" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Langlebige Nonce"><!--[--><!--]--> Langlebige Nonce <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#erstellen-sie-ein-nonce-konto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Erstellen Sie ein Nonce-Konto"><!--[--><!--]--> Erstellen Sie ein Nonce-Konto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#holen-sie-sich-ein-nonce-konto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Holen Sie sich ein Nonce-Konto"><!--[--><!--]--> Holen Sie sich ein Nonce-Konto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html#verwenden-sie-das-nonce-konto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Verwenden Sie das Nonce-Konto"><!--[--><!--]--> Verwenden Sie das Nonce-Konto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="offline-transaktion" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#offline-transaktion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Offline-Transaktion</h1><h2 id="transaktion-unterzeichnen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transaktion-unterzeichnen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transaktion unterzeichnen</h2><p>Um eine Offline-Transaktion zu erstellen, müssen Sie die Transaktion signieren und dann kann jeder es im Netzwerk übertragen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// to complete a offline transaction, I will seperate them into four steps</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send Transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// create connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`</span> <span class="token comment">// alice and feePayer are signer in this tx</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bob <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bob<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRecentBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> realDataNeedToSign <span class="token operator">=</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// the real data singer need to sign.</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// use any lib you like, the main idea is to use ed25519 to sign it.</span> <span class="token comment">// the return signature should be 64 bytes.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> feePayerSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> aliceSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Tranasction</span> <span class="token comment">// you can verify signatures before you recovering the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyFeePayerSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// you should use the raw pubkey (32 bytes) to verify</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify feePayer signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyFeePayerSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyAliceSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify alice signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyAliceSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// if this process takes too long, your recent blockhash will expire (after 150 blocks).</span> <span class="token comment">// you can use `durable nonce` to get rid of it.</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="transaktion-teilweise-signieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transaktion-teilweise-signieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transaktion teilweise signieren</h2><p>Wenn für eine Transaktion mehrere Signaturen erforderlich sind, können Sie sie teilweise signieren. Die anderen Unterzeichner können sie dann unterzeichnen und im Netzwerk übertragen.</p><p>Einige Beispiele dafür, wann dies nützlich ist:</p><ul><li>Senden Sie einen SPL-Token gegen Zahlung</li><li>Signieren Sie eine Transaktion, damit Sie später ihre Echtheit überprüfen können</li><li>Rufen Sie benutzerdefinierte Programme in einer Transaktion auf, die Ihre Unterschrift erfordern</li></ul><p>In diesem Beispiel sendet Bob Alice einen SPL-Token als Gegenleistung für ihre Zahlung:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> base58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* The transaction: * - sends 0.01 SOL from Alice to Bob * - sends 1 token from Bob to Alice * - is partially signed by Bob, so Alice can approve + send it */</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> base58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Gh9ZwEmdLJ8DscKNTkTqPbNwLNNBjuSzaG9Vp2KGtKJr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> bobTokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice may not have a token account, so Bob creates one if not</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> aliceTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Bob pays the fee to create it</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// which token the account is for</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token comment">// who the token account is for</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the details about the token mint</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get a recent blockhash to include in the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;finalized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Alice pays the transaction fee</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 0.01 SOL from Alice -&gt; Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Transfer 1 token from Bob -&gt; Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Partial sign as Bob</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the transaction and convert to base64 to return it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// We will need Alice to deserialize and sign the transaction</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionBase64 <span class="token operator">=</span> serializedTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// The caller of this can convert it back to a transaction object:</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Add an instruction to send the token from Bob to Alice</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Bob partially signs the transaction</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Serialize the transaction without requiring all signatures</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Alice can deserialize the transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;base64&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="langlebige-nonce" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#langlebige-nonce" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Langlebige Nonce</h2><p>„RecentBlockhash“ ist ein wichtiger Wert für eine Transaktion. Ihre Transaktion wird abgelehnt, wenn Sie einen abgelaufenen aktuellen Blockhash verwenden (nach 150 Blöcken). Sie können &quot;durable nonce&quot; verwenden, um einen nie abgelaufenen aktuellen Blockhash zu erhalten. Um diesen Mechanismus auszulösen, muss Ihre Transaktion</p><ol><li>Verwenden Sie ein im <code>Nonce-Konto</code> gespeichertes <code>nonce</code> als aktuellen Blockhash</li><li>Fügen Sie die Operation <code>Nonce Advance</code> in die erste Anweisung ein</li></ol><h3 id="erstellen-sie-ein-nonce-konto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#erstellen-sie-ein-nonce-konto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Erstellen Sie ein Nonce-Konto</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="holen-sie-sich-ein-nonce-konto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#holen-sie-sich-ein-nonce-konto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Holen Sie sich ein Nonce-Konto</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">authority: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authorizedPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">fee calculator: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feeCalculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="verwenden-sie-das-nonce-konto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#verwenden-sie-das-nonce-konto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Verwenden Sie das Nonce-Konto</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/references/token.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Interaktion mit Tokens"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Interaktion mit Tokens"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Token auf Solana verwenden, übertragen und mehr"><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Token auf Solana verwenden, übertragen und mehr"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Interaktion mit Tokens | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.7f6e6e11.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/token.html.87c9f9ba.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#was-benotige-ich-um-mit-spl-tokens-zu-beginnen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Was benötige ich, um mit SPL-Tokens zu beginnen?"><!--[--><!--]--> Was benötige ich, um mit SPL-Tokens zu beginnen? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erstellen-sie-ein-neues-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie ein neues Token"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie ein neues Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erhalten-sie-eine-token-minze" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie eine Token-Minze"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie eine Token-Minze <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erstellen-sie-ein-token-konto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erstellen Sie ein Token-Konto"><!--[--><!--]--> So erstellen Sie ein Token-Konto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erhalten-sie-ein-token-konto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie ein Token-Konto"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie ein Token-Konto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erhalten-sie-das-guthaben-eines-token-kontos" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie das Guthaben eines Token-Kontos"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie das Guthaben eines Token-Kontos <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#wie-man-token-pragt" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man Token prägt"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man Token prägt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-ubertragen-sie-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So übertragen Sie Token"><!--[--><!--]--> So übertragen Sie Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#wie-man-token-verbrennt" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie man Token verbrennt"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie man Token verbrennt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-schließen-sie-token-konten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So schließen Sie Token-Konten"><!--[--><!--]--> So schließen Sie Token-Konten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-legen-sie-die-autoritat-fur-token-konten-oder-mints-fest" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So legen Sie die Autorität für Token-Konten oder Mints fest"><!--[--><!--]--> So legen Sie die Autorität für Token-Konten oder Mints fest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-genehmigen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So genehmigen Sie einen Token-Delegierten"><!--[--><!--]--> So genehmigen Sie einen Token-Delegierten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-widerrufen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So widerrufen Sie einen Token-Delegierten"><!--[--><!--]--> So widerrufen Sie einen Token-Delegierten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-verwalten-sie-verpackte-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So verwalten Sie verpackte SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> So verwalten Sie verpackte SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#token-konto-erstellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Token-Konto erstellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Token-Konto erstellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#guthaben-hinzufugen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Guthaben hinzufügen"><!--[--><!--]--> Guthaben hinzufügen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/references/token.html#so-erhalten-sie-alle-token-konten-nach-eigentumer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So erhalten Sie alle Token-Konten nach Eigentümer"><!--[--><!--]--> So erhalten Sie alle Token-Konten nach Eigentümer <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="zeichen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#zeichen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Zeichen</h1><h2 id="was-benotige-ich-um-mit-spl-tokens-zu-beginnen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#was-benotige-ich-um-mit-spl-tokens-zu-beginnen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Was benötige ich, um mit SPL-Tokens zu beginnen?</h2><p>Jedes Mal, wenn Sie mit Token auf Solana interagieren, tun Sie es tatsächlich Interaktion mit dem Solana Program Library Token oder SPL-Token Standard. Der SPL-Token-Standard erfordert dazu eine bestimmte Bibliothek zu verwenden, die Sie unten basierend auf Ihrer Sprache finden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;: &quot;^0.2.0&quot; </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-ein-neues-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-ein-neues-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie ein neues Token</h2><p>Das Erstellen von Token erfolgt durch Erstellen eines sogenannten „Mint-Kontos“. Dieses Mint-Konto wird später verwendet, um Token auf das Token-Konto eines Benutzers zu prägen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createInitializeMintInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create mint account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init mint account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can&#39;t turn it on again)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-eine-token-minze" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-eine-token-minze" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie eine Token-Minze</h2><p>Um die aktuelle Versorgung, Autorität oder Dezimalstellen eines Tokens zu erhalten, Sie müssen die Kontoinformationen für die Token Mint abrufen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getMint <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAccountPublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, mintAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, supply: 0n, decimals: 8, isInitialized: true, freezeAuthority: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erstellen-sie-ein-token-konto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erstellen-sie-ein-token-konto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erstellen Sie ein Token-Konto</h2><p>Ein Token-Konto ist erforderlich, damit ein Benutzer Token halten kann.</p><p>Ein Benutzer hat mindestens ein Token-Konto für jeden Token-Typ, den er besitzt.</p><p>Zugehörige Token-Konten werden deterministisch für jedes Schlüsselpaar erstellt. ATAs sind die empfohlene Methode der Verwaltung von Token-Konten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2SKpuBU9ksneBZD4nqbZkw75NE11HsSHsGRtW2BZh5aQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// calculate ATA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if your wallet is off-curve, you should use</span> <span class="token comment">// let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey // owner</span> <span class="token comment">// true, // allowOwnerOffCurve</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-ein-token-konto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-ein-token-konto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie ein Token-Konto</h2><p>Jedes Token-Konto hat Informationen über das Token wie den Besitzer, Minze, Betrag (Saldo) und Dezimalstellen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getAccount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* { address: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 16aef79dfadb39ffedb3b6f77688b8c162b18bb9cba2ffefe152303629ae3030&gt; }, mint: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec&gt; }, owner: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f&gt; }, amount: 0n, delegate: null, delegatedAmount: 0n, isInitialized: true, isFrozen: false, isNative: false, rentExemptReserve: null, closeAuthority: null } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-das-guthaben-eines-token-kontos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-das-guthaben-eines-token-kontos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie das Guthaben eines Token-Kontos</h2><p>Das Token-Konto verfügt über das Token-Guthaben, das mit einem einmaligen &quot;call&quot; abgerufen werden kann .</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount: {}, decimals: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>::: Tipp Ein Token-Konto kann nur eine Sorte ünze enthalten. :::</p><h2 id="wie-man-token-pragt" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-token-pragt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man Token prägt</h2><p>Wenn Sie Token prägen, erhöhen Sie den Vorrat und übertragen die neuen Token auf ein bestimmtes Token-Konto.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createMintToCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintToChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// if alice is a multisig account</span> <span class="token comment">// let txhash = await mintToChecked(</span> <span class="token comment">// connection, // connection</span> <span class="token comment">// feePayer, // fee payer</span> <span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span> <span class="token comment">// tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)</span> <span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey, // !! mint authority pubkey !!</span> <span class="token comment">// 1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token comment">// 8, // decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...],</span> <span class="token comment">// );</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + mint authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-ubertragen-sie-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-ubertragen-sie-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So übertragen Sie Token</h2><p>Sie können Token von einem Token-Konto auf ein anderes Token-Konto übertragen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountXPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountYPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from&#39;s owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="wie-man-token-verbrennt" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-man-token-verbrennt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie man Token verbrennt</h2><p>Sie können Token verbrennen (löschen), wenn Sie der Token-Besitzer sind.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> burnChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createBurnCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + token authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-schließen-sie-token-konten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-schließen-sie-token-konten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So schließen Sie Token-Konten</h2><p>Sie können ein Token-Konto schließen, wenn Sie es nicht mehr verwenden möchten. Es gibt zwei Situationen:</p><ol><li>Eingewickelter SOL - Beim Schließen wird ein umwickelter SOL in SOL umgewandelt</li><li>Andere Token – Sie können es nur schließen, wenn der Kontostand des Token-Kontos 0 beträgt.</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> closeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-legen-sie-die-autoritat-fur-token-konten-oder-mints-fest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-legen-sie-die-autoritat-fur-token-konten-oder-mints-fest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So legen Sie die Autorität für Token-Konten oder Mints fest</h2><p>Sie können die Autorität festlegen/aktualisieren. Es gibt 4 Arten:</p><ol><li>MintTokens (Mint-Konto)</li><li>FreezeAccount (Mint-Konto)</li><li>AccountOwner (Token-Konto)</li><li>CloseAccount (Token-Konto)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSetAuthorityInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setAuthority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">random guy: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) for mint account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.MintTokens</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.FreezeAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) for token account</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.AccountOwner</span> <span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.CloseAccount</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">feePayer</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span> AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span> <span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-genehmigen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-genehmigen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So genehmigen Sie einen Token-Delegierten</h2><p>Sie können einen Delegierten mit einem zulässigen Betrag festlegen. Nach Ihrer Einstellung ist der Delegierte wie ein anderer Besitzer Ihres Token-Kontos. <code>Ein Token-Konto kann nur an ein Konto gleichzeitig delegieren</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> approveChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createApproveCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-widerrufen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-widerrufen-sie-einen-token-delegierten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So widerrufen Sie einen Token-Delegierten</h2><p>Widerrufen setzt den Delegierten auf null und den delegierten Betrag auf 0.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createRevokeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> revoke <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// or</span> <span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-verwalten-sie-verpackte-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-verwalten-sie-verpackte-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So verwalten Sie verpackte SOL</h2><p>Verpacktes SOL genau wie jeder andere Token Mint. Der Unterschied besteht in der Verwendung von <code>syncNative</code> und Erstellen von Token-Konten speziell für die Adresse „NATIVE_MINT“.</p><h3 id="token-konto-erstellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#token-konto-erstellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Token-Konto erstellen</h3><p>Wie <a href="#create-token-account">Create Token Account</a>, aber ersetzen Sie mint durch <code>NATIVE_MINT</code></p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="guthaben-hinzufugen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#guthaben-hinzufugen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Guthaben hinzufügen</h3><p>Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, das Gleichgewicht für Wrapped SOL hinzuzufügen</p><h4 id="_1-per-sol-uberweisung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-per-sol-uberweisung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Per SOL-Überweisung</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSyncNativeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span> <span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="_2-per-token-transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-per-token-transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 2. Per Token-Transfer</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createInitializeAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> closeAccountInstructionData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> auxAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL&#39;s decimals is 9 */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token comment">// create token account</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// init token account</span> <span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span> <span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// close aux account</span> <span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-erhalten-sie-alle-token-konten-nach-eigentumer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-erhalten-sie-alle-token-konten-nach-eigentumer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So erhalten Sie alle Token-Konten nach Eigentümer</h2><p>Sie können Token-Konten nach Besitzer abrufen. Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, dies zu tun.</p><ol><li>Erhalten Sie alle Token-Konten</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>Nach Mint filtern</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;owner&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;decimals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;amount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;====================&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/getting-started/installation.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Installation"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Installation"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie anhand von Tutorials, Leitfäden und Beispielen, wie Sie mit Solana beginnen."><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie anhand von Tutorials, Leitfäden und Beispielen, wie Sie mit Solana beginnen."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Installation | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.98badae7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/installation.html.aa25ac0f.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#installieren-von-web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Installieren von Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> Installieren von Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#spl-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="SPL-Token"><!--[--><!--]--> SPL-Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#wallet-adapter" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wallet-Adapter"><!--[--><!--]--> Wallet-Adapter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#install-rust" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Install Rust"><!--[--><!--]--> Install Rust <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Install CLI"><!--[--><!--]--> Install CLI <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#macos-linux" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="macOS &amp; Linux"><!--[--><!--]--> macOS &amp; Linux <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#windows" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Windows"><!--[--><!--]--> Windows <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/getting-started/installation.html#aus-quelle-erstellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Aus Quelle erstellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Aus Quelle erstellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h2 id="installieren-von-web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#installieren-von-web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Installieren von Web3.js</h2><p>Es gibt einige Bibliotheken, die Sie verwenden können, um mit Javascript oder Typoskript auf Solana zu beginnen.</p><h3 id="web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web3.js</h3><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ist eine Bibliothek mit vielen grundlegenden Solana-Tools zum Interagieren, Senden von Transaktionen und Lesen aus der Blockchain.</p><p>Sie können Folgendes installieren:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SPL-Token</h3><p><code>@solana/spl-token</code> ist eine Bibliothek, die viele der Javascript-/Typescript-Bindungen enthält, die für die Interaktion mit SPL-Token erforderlich sind. Sie können diese Bibliothek verwenden, um neue SPL-Token zu prägen, Token zu übertragen und vieles mehr.</p><p>Sie können diese Bibliothek wie folgt installieren:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/spl-token </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Development (un-minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Production (minified) --&gt;</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="wallet-adapter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wallet-adapter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wallet-Adapter</h3><p>Es gibt eine Sammlung von Bibliotheken, die beim Bootstrap von Wallet-Verbindungen innerhalb von Solana helfen können, genannt Wallet-Adapter. Derzeit unterstützt das Paket die Verwendung in Svelte, Angular, Vue.js und React. Wallet-Adapter kann Ihre dApp schnell mit mit Wallets wie <a href="https://phantom.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phantom<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, <a href="https://solflare.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solflare<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und mehr integrieren.</p><p>Sie können diese Bibliothek wie folgt installieren:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-base </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="install-rust" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-rust" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install Rust</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">MACOS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">LINUX</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">&#39;=https&#39;</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>For Windows, besuchen Sie bitte die <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust installations Seite<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h2 id="install-cli" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-cli" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install CLI</h2><h3 id="macos-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#macos-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> macOS &amp; Linux</h3><p>Öffnen Sie Ihre bevorzugte Terminal-Anwendung.</p><p>Ersetzen Sie <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> mit Ihrer gewünschten Version und installieren Sie die <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">neueste Solana Version<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> auf Ihrem Computer, indem Sie Folgendes ausführen:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">sh</span> -c <span class="token string">&quot;<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">curl</span> -sSfL https://release.solana.com/LATEST_RELEASE/install<span class="token variable">)</span></span>&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Sie können die Softwareversion Ihres gewünschten Releases &quot;LATEST_RELEASE&quot; durch das passende Release-Tag ersetzen, oder verwenden Sie eines der drei symbolischen Kanalnamen: „stable“, „beta“ oder „edge“. Um die neueste Version zu finden, überprüfen Sie die verfügbaren Versionen <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Die folgende Ausgabe zeigt ein erfolgreiches Update an:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>downloading LATEST_RELEASE installer Configuration: /home/solana/.config/solana/install/config.yml Active release directory: /home/solana/.local/share/solana/install/active_release * Release version: LATEST_RELEASE * Release URL: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/LATEST_RELEASE/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 Update successful </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>Abhängig von Ihrem System werden Sie möglicherweise am Ende der Meldung des Installationsprogramms aufgefordert zu</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Please update your <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> environment variable to include the solana programs: </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Wenn Sie die obige Meldung erhalten, kopieren Sie den empfohlenen Befehl unten und fügen Sie ihn ein es, um <code>PATH</code> zu aktualisieren.</p><p>Bestätigen Sie, dass Sie die gewünschte Version von „solana“ installiert haben, indem Sie Folgendes ausführen:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Nach erfolgreicher Installation kann <code>solana-install update</code> problemlos verwendet werden, um die Solana-Software jederzeit auf eine neuere Version aktualisieren.</p><h4 id="herunterladen-von-binardateien-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#herunterladen-von-binardateien-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Herunterladen von Binärdateien (Linux)</h4><p>Alternativ können Sie aus Binärdateien installieren, anstatt solana-install zu verwenden.</p><p>Laden Sie die Binärdateien herunter, indem Sie zu <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> navigieren, <strong>solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-msvc.tar.bz2</strong> downloaden, und dann das Archiv entpacken:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="herunterladen-von-binardateien-macos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#herunterladen-von-binardateien-macos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Herunterladen von Binärdateien (macOS)</h4><p>Alternativ können Sie aus Binärdateien installieren, anstatt solana-install zu verwenden.</p><p>Laden Sie die Binärdateien herunter, indem Sie zu <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, download <strong>solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2</strong> navigieren, und dann das Archiv entpacken:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2 <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><hr><h3 id="windows" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#windows" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Windows</h3><p>Öffnen Sie als Administrator eine Eingabeaufforderung (<code>cmd.exe</code>).</p><p>Suchen Sie in der Windows-Suchleiste nach Eingabeaufforderung. Wenn der Befehl Die Prompt-App erscheint, klicken Sie mit der rechten Maustaste und wählen Sie „Als Administrator öffnen“. Wenn Sie von einem Popup-Fenster mit der Frage „Möchten Sie dieser App erlauben, Änderungen an Ihrem Gerät vornehmen?“ klicken Sie auf „Ja“.</p><p>Kopieren Sie den folgenden Befehl, fügen Sie ihn ein und drücken Sie dann die Eingabetaste, um Solana herunterzuladen Installer in ein temporäres Verzeichnis:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://release.solana.com/v1.9.16/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe --output C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe --create-dirs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Wenn „v1.9.16“ nicht Ihre gewünschte Version ist, finden Sie die neueste Version <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Kopieren Sie den folgenden Befehl und fügen Sie ihn ein. Drücken Sie dann die Eingabetaste, um die neueste Version zu installieren Version von Solana. Wenn Sie ein Sicherheits-Popup von Ihrem System sehen, wählen Sie es bitte aus, das Programm laufen zu lassen.</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe v1.9.16 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Um die neueste Version zu finden, überprüfen Sie die aktuell verfügbaren Versionen <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hier<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Wenn das Installationsprogramm fertig ist, drücken Sie die Eingabetaste.</p><p>Schließen Sie das Eingabeaufforderungsfenster und öffnen Sie erneut ein neues Eingabeaufforderungsfenster als normaler Benutzer.</p><p>Suchen Sie in der Suchleiste nach „Eingabeaufforderung“ und klicken Sie dann mit der linken Maustaste auf die App-Symbol für Eingabeaufforderung (muss nicht als Administrator ausgeführt werden).</p><p>Bestätigen Sie, dass Sie die gewünschte Version von <code>solana</code> installiert haben, indem Sie Folgendes eingeben:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Nach erfolgreicher Installation kann <code>solana-install update</code> problemlos verwendet werden, und die Solana-Software jederzeit auf eine neuere Version aktualisiert werden.</p><h4 id="herunterladen-von-binardateien" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#herunterladen-von-binardateien" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Herunterladen von Binärdateien</h4><p>Alternativ können Sie aus Binärdateien installieren, anstatt solana-install zu verwenden.</p><p>Laden Sie die Binärdateien herunter, indem Sie zu <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, download <strong>solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>navigieren, und dann das Archiv mit bspw. WinRar entpacken:</p><p>Öffnen Sie eine Eingabeaufforderung und navigieren Sie zu dem Verzeichnis, in das Sie extrahiert haben die Binärdateien und führen Sie aus:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/ <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>%cd%/bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>%<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>% </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="aus-quelle-erstellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#aus-quelle-erstellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Aus Quelle erstellen</h3><p>Wenn Sie die vorgefertigten Binärdateien nicht verwenden können oder es vorziehen, sie selbst zu erstellen von der Quelle, navigieren Sie zu <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, und laden Sie das <strong>Quellcode</strong>-Archiv (<strong>source code</strong>) herunter. Extrahieren Sie den Code und erstellen Sie die Binärdateien mit:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Sie können dann den folgenden Befehl ausführen, um das gleiche Ergebnis wie mit vorgefertigte Binärdateien zu erhalten:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-install init </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/serialization.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Serialisieren von Daten"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Serialisieren von Daten"><meta name="description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Daten auf Solana serialisieren und deserialisieren"><meta name="og:description" content="Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Daten auf Solana serialisieren und deserialisieren"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Serialisieren von Daten | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.f6d36f31.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/serialization.html.a93f580e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#einrichten-der-borsh-serialisierung" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Einrichten der Borsh-Serialisierung"><!--[--><!--]--> Einrichten der Borsh-Serialisierung <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#so-serialisieren-sie-anweisungsdaten-auf-dem-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So serialisieren Sie Anweisungsdaten auf dem Client"><!--[--><!--]--> So serialisieren Sie Anweisungsdaten auf dem Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#so-deserialisieren-sie-befehlsdaten-im-programm" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So deserialisieren Sie Befehlsdaten im Programm"><!--[--><!--]--> So deserialisieren Sie Befehlsdaten im Programm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#so-serialisieren-sie-kontodaten-im-programm" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So serialisieren Sie Kontodaten im Programm"><!--[--><!--]--> So serialisieren Sie Kontodaten im Programm <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#pack" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pack"><!--[--><!--]--> Pack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#serialisierung-deserialisierung" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisierung/Deserialisierung"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisierung/Deserialisierung <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#usage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Usage"><!--[--><!--]--> Usage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#so-deserialisieren-sie-kontodaten-auf-dem-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="So deserialisieren Sie Kontodaten auf dem Client"><!--[--><!--]--> So deserialisieren Sie Kontodaten auf dem Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#common-solana-ts-js-mappings" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Common Solana TS/JS Mappings"><!--[--><!--]--> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#fortgeschrittene-konstrukte" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fortgeschrittene Konstrukte"><!--[--><!--]--> Fortgeschrittene Konstrukte <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#coption" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="COption"><!--[--><!--]--> COption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/serialization.html#ressourcen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ressourcen"><!--[--><!--]--> Ressourcen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="serialisieren-von-daten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialisieren-von-daten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialisieren von Daten</h1><p>Wenn wir von Serialisierung sprechen, meinen wir sowohl die Serialisierung von Daten als auch die Deserialisierung von Daten.</p><p>Die Serialisierung kommt an einigen Stellen im Lebenszyklus des Solana-Programms und der Programmkonten ins Spiel:</p><ol><li>Serialisieren von Befehlsdaten an den Client</li><li>Deserialisieren von Befehlsdaten im Programm</li><li>Serialisieren von Kontodaten im Programm</li><li>Kontodaten auf dem Client deserialisieren</li></ol><p>Es ist wichtig, dass die oben genannten Aktionen alle durch denselben Serialisierungsansatz unterstützt werden. Das enthaltene Snippets demonstrieren die Serialisierung mit <a href="#Ressourcen">Borsh</a>.</p><p>Die Beispiele im Rest dieses Dokuments sind Auszüge aus der <a href="#Ressourcen">Solana CLI Program Template</a></p><h2 id="einrichten-der-borsh-serialisierung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#einrichten-der-borsh-serialisierung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Einrichten der Borsh-Serialisierung</h2><p>Bibliotheken für Borsh müssen für das Rust-Programm, den Rust-Client, den Node- und/oder den Python-Client eingerichtet werden.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Program</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Node Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-cli-template-program-bpf&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">features</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">no-entrypoint</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-derive</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num_enum</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.5.1&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-integer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.44&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">num-traits</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;../shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">thiserror</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">solana-program-test</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">lib</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">crate-type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;cdylib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.5&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2018&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;WTFPL&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.9.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2.33.3&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0.125&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;derive&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.8.17&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;full&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;program&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.4.0&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> <span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.8.2&quot;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-json ext-json line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ts-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Sample TS App&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/nmain.ts&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;workspace&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;repository&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;url&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;homepage&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:all&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run build:client &amp;&amp; npm run test:client&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;build:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;rm -rf ./.dist/client &amp;&amp; tsc &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node ./node_modules/.bin/mocha .dist/client/main.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;test:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run start&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* &amp;&amp; prettier --check \&quot;client/**/*.ts\&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;lint:fix&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;eslint --ext .ts client/* --fix&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;pretty&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;prettier --write &#39;{,client/**/}*.ts&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@tsconfig/recommended&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^7.28.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^3.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@types/prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@typescript-eslint/parser&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.6.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.3.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-google&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-config-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^8.3.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;eslint-plugin-prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^5.5.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mocha&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^9.1.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^2.4.1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;start-server-and-test&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.14.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;ts-node&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^10.4.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;typescript&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^4.5.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;dependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.31.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.7.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;env&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.2&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;fs&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.0.1-security&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;mkdirp&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^1.0.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;npm-check-updates&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^12.0.3&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;sync-request&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^6.1.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token property">&quot;update&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^0.4.2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>borsh-construct==0.1.0 solana==0.20.0 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-serialisieren-sie-anweisungsdaten-auf-dem-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-serialisieren-sie-anweisungsdaten-auf-dem-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So serialisieren Sie Anweisungsdaten auf dem Client</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>Wenn Sie ausgehende Befehlsdaten serialisieren, um sie an ein Programm zu senden, muss dies widerspiegeln, wie das Programm die deserialisiert eingehende Instruktionsdaten.</p><p>In dieser Vorlage ist ein Anweisungsdatenblock ein serialisiertes Array, das Folgendes enthält, mit Beispielen:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Anweisung (Variant index)</th><th>Serialisierter Schlüssel</th><th>Serialisierter Wert</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialisieren (0)</td><td>nicht für den Unterricht geeignet</td><td>nicht für den Unterricht geeignet</td></tr><tr><td>Minze (1)</td><td>&quot;Foo&quot;</td><td>&quot;Balken&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Übertragung (2)</td><td>&quot;Foo&quot;</td><td>nicht für den Unterricht geeignet</td></tr><tr><td>Brennen (2)</td><td>&quot;Foo&quot;</td><td>nicht für den Unterricht geeignet</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Im folgenden Beispiel gehen wir davon aus, dass das programmeigene Konto initialisiert wurde</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Mint a key value pair to account * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;Keypair&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts key&#39;</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// &#39;ts first value&#39;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; &lt;Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span> <span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; Payload { id: 1, key: &#39;ts key&#39;, value: &#39;ts first value&#39; }</span> <span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;singleGossip&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Signature = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8 <span class="token keyword">from</span> enum <span class="token keyword">import</span> IntEnum <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responses <span class="token keyword">import</span> SendTransactionResp <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Instruction variants for target program</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InstructionVariant</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IntEnum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> INITIALIZE <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span> MINT <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> TRANSFER <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> BURN <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token comment"># Schema for sending instructionVariants to on-chain sample program</span> payload_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">construct_payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Generate a serialized instructionVariant&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> payload_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;value&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">mint_kv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> SendTransactionResp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Mint with a key/value pair to an account&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the program payload for Mint invariant</span> payload_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> construct_payload<span class="token punctuation">(</span>InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MINT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\x01\n\x00\x00\x00python key\x0c\x00\x00\x00python value&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># mint_payload_copy = payload_schema.parse(payload_ser)</span> <span class="token comment"># print(mint_payload_copy)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; key = u&#39;python key&#39; (total 10)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; value = u&#39;python value&#39; (total 12)</span> <span class="token comment"># Construct the transaction with instructionVariant</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token operator">=</span>program_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>payload_ser <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; {&#39;jsonrpc&#39;: &#39;2.0&#39;, &#39;result&#39;: &#39;4ZdpWNdovdVaLextWSiqEBWp67k9rNTTUaX3qviHDXWY9c98bVtaRt5sasPhYzMVXHqhex78gzNKytcBnVH5CSTZ&#39;, &#39;id&#39;: 2}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code> <span class="token comment">/// Instruction payload gets serialized</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Perform a mint transaction consisting of a key/value pair</span> <span class="token comment">/// See submit_transaction below</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup the payload. `mint_instruction_id` is instruction variant index = 1</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>`_<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction definition</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _fee_calculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction_with_spinner_and_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-deserialisieren-sie-befehlsdaten-im-programm" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-deserialisieren-sie-befehlsdaten-im-programm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So deserialisieren Sie Befehlsdaten im Programm</h2><img src="/assets/ser2.38d4ca5b.png" alt="Deserialize Instruction Data"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-serialisieren-sie-kontodaten-im-programm" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-serialisieren-sie-kontodaten-im-programm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So serialisieren Sie Kontodaten im Programm</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>Der Datenblock des Programmkontos (aus dem Beispielrepo) ist wie folgt aufgebaut</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>Restbyte bis 1019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialisiertes Flag</td><td>Länge der serialisierten BTreeMap</td><td>BTreeMap (wo Schlüsselwertpaare gespeichert werden)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p>Ein Wort zur Eigenschaft <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Die Pack-Eigenschaft erleichtert das Ausblenden der Details der Kontodatenserialisierung/-deserialisierung von Ihrer Kernprogramm-Anweisungsverarbeitung. Anstatt also alles zu serialisieren/deserialisieren Melden Sie sich im Programmverarbeitungscode an, und kapselt die Details hinter (3) Funktionen:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - Ermöglicht Ihnen, ein Konto zu deserialisieren, ohne zu prüfen, ob es initialisiert wurde. Dies ist nützlich, wenn Sie die Initialisierungsfunktion tatsächlich bearbeiten (Variantenindex 0)</li><li><code>unpack</code> – Ruft Ihre Pack-Implementierung von <code>unpack_from_slice</code> auf und prüft, ob das Konto initialisiert wurde.</li><li><code>pack</code> – Ruft Ihre Pack-Implementierung von <code>pack_into_slice</code> auf</li></ol><p>Hier ist die Implementierung der Pack-Eigenschaft für unser Beispielprogramm. Darauf folgt das eigentliche Verarbeitung der Kontodaten mit Borsh.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span> <span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="serialisierung-deserialisierung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialisierung-deserialisierung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialisierung/Deserialisierung</h3><p>So schließen Sie die zugrunde liegende Serialisierung und Deserialisierung ab:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> – Wo die eigentliche Serialisierung stattfindet</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> – Wo die eigentliche Deserialisierung stattfindet</li></ol><p><strong>Beachten Sie</strong>, dass wir im Folgenden eine <code>u32</code> (4 Bytes) Partition im Datenlayout für <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> vor <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> haben. Dies liegt daran, dass Borsh während der Deserialisierung überprüft, ob die Länge des Slice, das Sie deserialisieren, mit der Menge von Daten übereinstimmt , die es vor der tatsächlichen Rekombination des empfangenden Objekts liest. Die Vorgehensweise unten demonstriert liest zuerst die <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code>, um die Größe zu erhalten, aus der <code>slice</code> wird <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>-Zeiger.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span> is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="usage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#usage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Usage</h3><p>Das Folgende fasst alles zusammen und zeigt, wie das Programm mit dem <code>ProgramAccountState</code> interagiert die das Initialisierungsflag sowie die zugrunde liegende <code>BTreeMap</code> für unsere Schlüssel/Wert-Paare kapselt.</p><p>Zuerst, wenn wir ein brandneues Konto initialisieren möchten:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span> <span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven&#39;t already initialized this accounts data</span> <span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Jetzt können wir nach unseren anderen Anweisungen arbeiten, wie man ein neues Schlüssel-Wert-Paar prägt, das wir oben beim Senden von Anweisungen von einem Client demonstriert haben:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint to account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="so-deserialisieren-sie-kontodaten-auf-dem-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#so-deserialisieren-sie-kontodaten-auf-dem-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> So deserialisieren Sie Kontodaten auf dem Client</h2><p>Kunden können Solana anrufen, um ein programmeigenes Konto abzurufen, in dem die serialisierten Datenblock ein Teil der Rückgabe sind. Die Deserialisierung erfordert die Kenntnis des Datenblocks Layout.</p><p>Das Layout der Kontodaten wurde <a href="#account-data-serialization">hier</a> beschrieben</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span> <span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tree_length&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Fetch program account data * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want * <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise&lt;AccoundData&gt;<span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;processed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commitment <span class="token keyword">import</span> Confirmed <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize program&#39;s account data</span> account_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;initialized&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map_length&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token triple-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;&quot;Fetch account information from RPC, parse out the data and deserialize&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_account_info<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&#39;base64&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> account_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Results in or similar</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; initialized = 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map_length = 109</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; map = {&#39;Happy&#39;: &#39;New Year!&#39;, &#39;newKey&#39;: &#39;A new value&#39;,</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; &#39;python key&#39;: &#39;python value&#39;, &#39;ts key&#39;: &#39;ts first value&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;unrecognized initialization flag \&quot;{:?}\&quot;. in account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="common-solana-ts-js-mappings" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#common-solana-ts-js-mappings" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings</h2><p>Die <a href="#Ressourcen">Borsh Specification</a> enthält die meisten Zuordnungen für primitive und zusammengesetzte Datentypen.</p><p>Der Schlüssel zu TS/JS und Python ist das Erstellen eines Borsh-Schemas mit einer richtigen Definition, also der Serialisierung und deserialisieren können die entsprechenden Eingaben generieren oder ausführen.</p><p>Hier demonstrieren wir die Serialisierung von Primitiven (Zahlen, Zeichenfolgen) und zusammengesetzten Typen (Array mit fester Größe, Map). zuerst in Typescript, dann in Python und dann äquivalente Deserialisierung auf der Rust-Seite:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;chai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library * for convenience of dynamic property setting * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span> <span class="token comment">// compound types</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;world&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u16&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;u8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;string&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Viola!</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;New value = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed string array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Fixed u8 array = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Map = &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap <span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize various types</span> primitive_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U8&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U16&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;U32&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">common</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;cookbook&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;recipe&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ingredient&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># Serialize</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U8&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U16&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;U32&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_STRING_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FIXED_U8_ARRAY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;MAP_STRING_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; b&#39;\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x05\x00\x00\x00hello\x05\x00\x00\x00world\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00cookbook\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\n\x00\x00\x00ingredient&#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Deserialize</span> new_value <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Viola</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; Container:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U8 = 255</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U16 = 65535</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; U32 = 4294967295</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_STRING_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; hello</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; world</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; FIXED_U8_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 1</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 2</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 3</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 4</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; 5</span> <span class="token comment"># =&gt; MAP_STRING_STRING = {&#39;cookbook&#39;: &#39;recipe&#39;, &#39;recipe&#39;: &#39;ingredient&#39;}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">primitives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> prim <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">255u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">103</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">116</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>prim<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="fortgeschrittene-konstrukte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fortgeschrittene-konstrukte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fortgeschrittene Konstrukte</h2><p>In den vorherigen Beispielen haben wir gezeigt, wie Sie einfache Payloads erstellen. Manchmal wirft Solana mit bestimmten Typen einen Fastball. Dieser Abschnitt wird demonstrieren richtige Zuordnungen zwischen TS/JS und Rust zu handhaben.</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;buffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * COption is meant to mirror the * `solana_program::options::COption` * * This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating * the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey * * Similar to a Rust Option * <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class * <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Creates a COption from a PublicKey * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this) */</span> <span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption * <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data * <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object */</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Defines the layout of the COption object * for serializing/deserializing * <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span> */</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;struct&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;u32&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token doc-comment comment">/** * Entry point for script * */</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;copt_ser &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubKeyBuffer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36] COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)} pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Testing COption with null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;noneOrSome&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Expected no public key&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pubkey: null&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Output: Testing COption with null Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36] COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) } pubkey: null */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">program_option<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Emulate how COption is &#39;unpacked&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Map the data block</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the SOME or NONE u32</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> nos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Construct the COption accordingly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> opt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> nos <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">None</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> opt <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">btest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// From Typescript with borsh&#39;ing</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> copt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">214</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">211</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">130</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">187</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">208</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">221</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">166</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">171</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Emulate COption deserialization</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Uh-oh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// As a Borsh Struct</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> toption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toption<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Some = {:?} Pubkey = {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> toption<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ressourcen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ressourcen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ressourcen</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Funktionsparitätstest"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Funktionsparitätstest"><meta name="description" content="Die Funktionen variieren je nach Solana-Cluster. Funktionstests sorgen für vorhersagbare Ergebnisse."><meta name="og:description" content="Die Funktionen variieren je nach Solana-Cluster. Funktionstests sorgen für vorhersagbare Ergebnisse."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Funktionsparitätstest | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.94cf4ee3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/feature-parity-testing.html.93063fd3.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#szenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Szenario"><!--[--><!--]--> Szenario <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#feature-status" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Status"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Status <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#paritatstest" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Paritätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Paritätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#einfache-vorfuhrung" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Einfache Vorführung"><!--[--><!--]--> Einfache Vorführung <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#alle-funktionen-aktiviert" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Alle Funktionen aktiviert"><!--[--><!--]--> Alle Funktionen aktiviert <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#selektive-funktionen-deaktiviert" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Selektive Funktionen deaktiviert"><!--[--><!--]--> Selektive Funktionen deaktiviert <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#vollstandiger-paritatstest" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Vollständiger Paritätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Vollständiger Paritätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#vollstandiger-paritatstest-programmgesteuert" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Vollständiger Paritätstest programmgesteuert"><!--[--><!--]--> Vollständiger Paritätstest programmgesteuert <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#ressourcen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ressourcen"><!--[--><!--]--> Ressourcen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="funktionsparitatstest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#funktionsparitatstest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Funktionsparitätstest</h1><p>Beim Testen Ihres Programms ist die Zusicherung erwartete Ergebnisse zu produzieren als auch in verschiedenen Clustern gleich ausgeführt wird, sowohl für die Qualität als auch für die Sicherheit von entscheidender Bedeutung.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Funktionen sind Funktionen, die in Solana-Validatoren eingeführt werden und für deren Verwendung eine Aktivierung erforderlich ist.</li><li>Funktionen können in einem Cluster (z. B. Testnet) aktiviert werden, in einem anderen (z. B. Mainnet-Beta) jedoch nicht.</li><li>Jedoch; Wenn Sie standardmäßig <code>solana-test-validator</code> lokal ausführen, werden alle verfügbaren Funktionen in Ihrer Die Solana-Version wird automatisch aktiviert. Das Ergebnis ist, dass beim Testen vor Ort die Fähigkeiten und Ergebnisse von Ihre Tests sind möglicherweise nicht die gleichen, wenn Sie sie in einem anderen Cluster bereitstellen und ausführen!</li></ul></div><h2 id="szenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#szenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Szenario</h2><p>Angenommen, Sie haben eine Transaktion, die drei (3) Anweisungen enthält, und jede Anweisung verbraucht ungefähr 100_000 Recheneinheiten (CU). Wenn Sie eine Solana 1.8.x-Version ausführen, würden Sie Ihren Befehls-CU-Verbrauch ähnlich wie folgt beobachten:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In Solana 1.9.2 wurde eine Funktion namens „transaktionsweite Rechenobergrenze“ eingeführt, bei der eine Transaktion standardmäßig ein Budget von 200_000 CU hat und die Anweisungen <strong><em>draw down</em></strong> aus diesem Transaktionsbudget gekapselten sind. Die selbe Transaktion, wie oben erwähnt laufen zu lassen, würde ein ganz anderes Verhalten haben:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>FAIL!!!</td><td>FAIL!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Huch! Wenn Sie sich dessen nicht bewusst wären, wären Sie wahrscheinlich frustriert, da sich Ihr Unterrichtsverhalten dadurch nicht geändert hat. Auf devnet hat es gut funktioniert, aber lokal hat es nicht funktioniert?!?</p><p>Es besteht die Möglichkeit, das gesamte Transaktionsbudget zu erhöhen, sagen wir auf 300_000 CU, und Ihre geistige Gesundheit zu retten. Dies zeigt jedoch, warum das Testen mit <strong><em>Feature Parity</em></strong> eine proaktive Möglichkeit bietet, Verwirrung zu vermeiden.</p><h2 id="feature-status" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-status" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Status</h2><p>Mit dem Befehl „solana feature status“ lässt sich recht einfach überprüfen, welche Funktionen für einen bestimmten Cluster aktiviert sind.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Displays by feature status for devnet solana feature status -ut // Displays for testnet solana feature status -um // Displays for mainnet-beta solana feature status -ul // Displays for local, requires running solana-test-validator </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Alternativ können Sie ein Tool wie <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> verwenden, um den gesamten Funktionsstatus über Cluster hinweg zu beobachten was den hier gezeigten Teilbildschirm anzeigen würde und nicht erfordert, dass <code>solana-test-validator</code> läuft:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="paritatstest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#paritatstest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Paritätstest</h2><p>Wie oben erwähnt, aktiviert der <code>solana-test-validator</code> <strong>alle</strong> Features automatisch. Wie wird die Frage &quot;Wie kann ich lokal in einer Umgebung testen, die Parität mit devnet hat, Testnet oder sogar Mainnet-Beta?&quot; also beantwortet?</p><p>Lösung: PRs wurden zu Solana 1.9.6 hinzugefügt, um die Deaktivierung von Funktionen zu ermöglichen:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt; ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="einfache-vorfuhrung" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#einfache-vorfuhrung" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Einfache Vorführung</h2><p>Angenommen, Sie haben ein einfaches Programm, das die empfangenen Daten an seinem Einstiegspunkt protokolliert. Und du testest eine Transaktion, die zwei (2) Anweisungen für Ihr Programm hinzufügt.</p><h3 id="alle-funktionen-aktiviert" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#alle-funktionen-aktiviert" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Alle Funktionen aktiviert</h3><ol><li>Sie starten den Test Validator in einem Terminal:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>In einem anderen Terminal starten Sie den Log-Streamer:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>Anschließend führen Sie Ihre Transaktion aus. Sie werden etwas Ähnliches im Protokollterminal sehen (aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit bearbeitet):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[ </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>Da unser Feature „transaktionsweites Compute Cap“ standardmäßig automatisch aktiviert ist, beachten wir das jeweils Anweisung, die CU aus dem anfänglichen Transaktionsbudget von 200_000 CU abzieht.</p><h3 id="selektive-funktionen-deaktiviert" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#selektive-funktionen-deaktiviert" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Selektive Funktionen deaktiviert</h3><ol><li>Für diesen Lauf wollen wir so laufen, dass das CU-Budgetverhalten mit dem übereinstimmt, was in devnet läuft. Verwenden die in <a href="#feature-status">Funktionsstatus</a> beschriebenen Tools isolieren wir den öffentlichen Schlüssel „transaktionsweite Compute-Obergrenze“. und verwenden Sie das <code>--deactivate-feature</code> beim Start des Testvalidators</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset` </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Wir sehen jetzt in unseren Protokollen, dass unsere Anweisungen jetzt ein eigenes Budget von 200_000 CU haben (aus Gründen der Klarheit bearbeitet). derzeit der Zustand in allen Upstream-Clustern:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="vollstandiger-paritatstest" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vollstandiger-paritatstest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vollständiger Paritätstest</h2><p>Sie können mit einem bestimmten Cluster in voller Parität sein, indem Sie jedes Feature identifizieren, das dies nicht ist noch aktiviert und fügen Sie jeweils ein <code>--deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;</code> hinzu, wenn Sie <code>solana-test-validator</code> aufrufen:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ... </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Alternativ stellt <a href="#Ressourcen">scfsd</a> einen Befehlsschalter zur Verfügung, um das vollständig deaktivierte Feature auszugeben Set für einen Cluster, der direkt in den Start von &quot;solana-test-validator&quot; eingespeist wird:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t) </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Wenn Sie ein anderes Terminal öffnen, während der Validator läuft, und &quot;solana feature status&quot; sehen Sie deaktivierte Features, die im devnet deaktiviert gefunden wurden</p><h2 id="vollstandiger-paritatstest-programmgesteuert" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vollstandiger-paritatstest-programmgesteuert" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vollständiger Paritätstest programmgesteuert</h2><p>Für diejenigen, die die Ausführung des Testvalidators in ihrem Testcode kontrollieren, Modifizieren Die aktivierten/deaktivierten Funktionen des Testvalidators sind mit TestValidatorGenesis möglich. Mit Solana 1.9.6 wurde dem Validator Builder eine Funktion hinzugefügt, um dies zu unterstützen.</p><p>Erstellen Sie im Stammverzeichnis Ihres Programmordners einen neuen Ordner mit dem Namen „tests“ und fügen Sie eine Datei „parity_test.rs“ hinzu Datei. Hier sind die Kesselplatzfunktionen (Kesselplatte, wenn Sie so wollen), die von jedem Test verwendet werden</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Test Boiler Plate</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>error<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">path<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get interegate feature lists from clusters</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] to use</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">gadgets_scfs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Added in Solana 1.9.2</span> <span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extended in Solana 1.9.6</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_test_validator<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Location/Name of ProgramTestGenesis ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./.ledger&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Path to BPF program (*.so) change if needed</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;target/deploy/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program name from program Cargo.toml</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM_NAME</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAM_NAME&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Program public key</span> <span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM&#39;S PUBLIC KEY str</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;PROGRAMS_PUBLIC_KEY_BASE58_STRING&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; public key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// UNIT TEST FOLLOWS</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span> <span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;BPF_OUT_DIR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span> <span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator <span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger &lt;DIR&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program &lt;ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span> <span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature &lt;FEATURE_PUBKEY&gt;`</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span> <span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: failed to sign transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;error: send transaction: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Wir können jetzt Testfunktionen in den Hauptteil von <code>mod test {...}</code> einfügen, um die Standardeinstellung zu demonstrieren Validator-Setup (alle Funktionen aktiviert) und dann die „transaktionsweite Compute-Obergrenze“ deaktivieren wie in den vorherigen Beispielen, die <code>solana-test-validator</code> von der Befehlszeile aus ausführen.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">All Features Test</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Disable Tx CU Test</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_base_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated (default for TestValidatorGenesis)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction to demonstrate</span> <span class="token comment">// that each instruction CU draws down from default Transaction CU (200_000)</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This example doesn&#39;t require sending any accounts to program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span> <span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the &#39;transaction wide compute cap&#39; feature</span> <span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Alternativ kann das <a href="#Ressourcen">scfs engine gadget</a> einen vollständig deaktivierten Vektor von Funktionen für einen Cluster erzeugen. Im Folgenden wird die Verwendung dieser Engine zum Abrufen einer Liste aller deaktivierten Features für devnet veranschaulicht.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Devnet Parity</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span> <span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = &quot;0.2.0&quot; in Cargo.toml to use</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span> <span class="token comment">// from devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span> <span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span> <span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span> <span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Fröhliches testen!</p><h2 id="ressourcen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ressourcen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ressourcen</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/data-migration.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><meta name="description" content="Grundsätzlich bedeutet das Versionieren von Daten zur Unterstützung der Migration, eine eindeutige Referenz für eine Sammlung von Daten zu erstellen. Diese Referenz kann die Form einer Abfrage, einer ID oder auch häufig einer Datetime-Kennung annehmen. Erfahren Sie mehr über Serialisierung und weitere Zutaten für Ihr Gericht im Kochbuch The Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="Grundsätzlich bedeutet das Versionieren von Daten zur Unterstützung der Migration, eine eindeutige Referenz für eine Sammlung von Daten zu erstellen. Diese Referenz kann die Form einer Abfrage, einer ID oder auch häufig einer Datetime-Kennung annehmen. Erfahren Sie mehr über Serialisierung und weitere Zutaten für Ihr Gericht im Kochbuch The Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.50964a4b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/data-migration.html.ac61c119.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html#wie-konnen-sie-die-datenkonten-eines-programms-migrieren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wie können Sie die Datenkonten eines Programms migrieren?"><!--[--><!--]--> Wie können Sie die Datenkonten eines Programms migrieren? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html#szenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Szenario"><!--[--><!--]--> Szenario <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html#upgrade-des-kontos" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upgrade des Kontos"><!--[--><!--]--> Upgrade des Kontos <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html#_1-kontoumwandlungslogik-hinzufugen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="1. Kontoumwandlungslogik hinzufügen"><!--[--><!--]--> 1. Kontoumwandlungslogik hinzufügen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/data-migration.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="migrieren-eines-programmdatenkontos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#migrieren-eines-programmdatenkontos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Migrieren eines Programmdatenkontos</h1><h2 id="wie-konnen-sie-die-datenkonten-eines-programms-migrieren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-konnen-sie-die-datenkonten-eines-programms-migrieren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie können Sie die Datenkonten eines Programms migrieren?</h2><p>Wenn Sie ein Programm erstellen, wird jedes damit vrknüpfte Datenkonto eine spezifische Struktur haben. Wenn Sie jemals ein Programm abgeleitetes Konto aktualisieren möchten, haben Sie am Ende eine Menge von übrig gebliebenen programmabgeleiteten Konten mit der alten Struktur.</p><p>Mit der Kontoversionierung können Sie Ihre alten Konten auf upgraden die neue Struktur.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>Dies ist nur eine von vielen Möglichkeiten, Daten in Program Owned Accounts (POA) zu migrieren.</p></div><h2 id="szenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#szenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Szenario</h2><p>Um unsere Kontodaten zu versionieren und zu migrieren, stellen wir für jedes Konto (Account) jeweils eine <strong>ID</strong> bereit. Diese ID ermöglicht es uns, die Kontoversion dann zu identifizieren wenn wir es an das Programm übergeben und behandeln das Konto somit als korrekt.</p><p>Nehmen Sie den folgenden Kontostand und das folgende Programm:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Currently using state. If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another serializable backlevel one</span> <span class="token comment">/// before adding new fields here</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to uplift from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>In unserer ersten Version eines Kontos gehen wir wie folgt vor:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Aktion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Fügen Sie ein Feld „Datenversion“ in Ihre Daten ein. Es kann eine einfache inkrementierende Ordnungszahl (z. B. u8) oder etwas Ausgefeilteres sein</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Ausreichend Speicherplatz für das Datenwachstum zuweisen</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Initialisieren einer Reihe von Konstanten, die über Programmversionen hinweg verwendet werden sollen</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Fügen Sie eine Kontoaktualisierungsfunktion unter „fn conversion_logic“ für zukünftige Upgrades hinzu</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Angenommen, wir möchten die Konten unseres Programms jetzt um das erforderliche Feld, das <code>somestring</code>-Feld, aktualisieren.</p><p>Wenn wir dem vorherigen Konto keinen zusätzlichen Speicherplatz zugewiesen haben, könnten wir das tun aktualisieren Sie das Konto nicht und stecken Sie fest.</p><h2 id="upgrade-des-kontos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upgrade-des-kontos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upgrade des Kontos</h2><p>In unserem neuen Programm wollen wir eine neue Eigenschaft für den Inhaltszustand hinzufügen. Die folgenden Änderungen zeigen, wie wir die ursprünglichen Programm Konstrukte genutzt haben, und wie sie jetzt zum Einsatz kommen.</p><h3 id="_1-kontoumwandlungslogik-hinzufugen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-kontoumwandlungslogik-hinzufugen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Kontoumwandlungslogik hinzufügen</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding string to content</span> <span class="token comment">// Previous const DATA_VERSION: u8 = 0;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span> <span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> past<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Logic to upgrade from previous version</span> <span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> old <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Default sets &#39;somevalue&#39; to 0 and somestring to default &quot;&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> new_content <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// We copy the existing &#39;somevalue&#39;, the program instructions will read/update &#39;somestring&#39; without fail</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> old<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Give back</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Store &#39;state&#39; of account to its data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Retrieve &#39;state&#39; of account from account data area</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Version check</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing consistent version data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing backlevel data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Processing pre-initialized data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span> <span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span> <span class="token comment">/// We&#39;ve added a new field: &#39;somestring&#39;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><table><thead><tr><th>Linie(n)</th><th>Notiz</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>Wir haben Solanas <code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code> hinzugefügt, um das Lesen von Teilmengen von Daten aus dem größeren Datenblock zu vereinfachen</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>Hier haben wir die alte Inhaltsstruktur, „AccountContentOld“, Zeile 24, beibehalten, bevor wir „AccountContentCurrent“ ab Zeile 17 erweitern.</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>Wir stoßen die <code>DATA_VERSION</code>-Konstante an</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Wir haben jetzt eine &quot;vorherige&quot; Version und möchten ihre Größe wissen</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Der Coup de grâce fügt die Installation hinzu, um den vorherigen Inhaltsstatus auf den neuen (aktuellen) Inhaltsstatus zu aktualisieren</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Wir aktualisieren dann unsere Anweisungen, um eine neue zum Aktualisieren von &quot;somestring&quot; hinzuzufügen, und einen Prozessor zum Handhaben der neuen Anweisung. Beachten Sie, dass das „Upgrade“ der Datenstruktur hinter „pack/unpack“ eingekapselt ist</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span> <span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> <span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span> <span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span> <span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span> <span class="token comment">/// in the array</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span> <span class="token comment">// fail if not</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account Initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new value {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Sets the string in the content structure</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Set new string {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somestring <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Serialize</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span> <span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received process request 0.2.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Attempting to unpack&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Received unknown instruction&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Nach dem Erstellen und Senden einer Anweisung: <code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code> haben wir nun das folgende &#39;aktualisierte&#39; Kontodatenlayout</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Spezifikation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Referenz Implementierung<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><meta name="description" content="Es gibt eine Reihe von Optionen und unterstützenden Tools zum Testen und Debuggen eines Solana BPF-Programms."><meta name="og:description" content="Es gibt eine Reihe von Optionen und unterstützenden Tools zum Testen und Debuggen eines Solana BPF-Programms."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Debuggen von Solana-Programmen | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.3eeeb833.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/debugging-solana-programs.html.b7fb9288.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#laufzeittests-und-debugging-im-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Laufzeittests und Debugging im Editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Laufzeittests und Debugging im Editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#testen-des-lokalen-validator-knotens-im-editor" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Testen des lokalen Validator-Knotens im Editor"><!--[--><!--]--> Testen des lokalen Validator-Knotens im Editor <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#testen-lokaler-validator-knoten-von-client-apps" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Testen lokaler Validator-Knoten von Client-Apps"><!--[--><!--]--> Testen lokaler Validator-Knoten von Client-Apps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#ressourcen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ressourcen"><!--[--><!--]--> Ressourcen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="debuggen-von-solana-programmen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#debuggen-von-solana-programmen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen</h1><p>Es gibt eine Reihe von Optionen und unterstützenden Tools zum Testen und Debuggen eines Solana-Programms.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Die Kiste <code>solana-program-test</code> ermöglicht die Verwendung von Bare Bones <strong><em>local runtime</em></strong>, wo Sie testen und debuggen können Ihr Programm interaktiv (z. B. in vscode).</li><li>Die Kiste „solana-validator“ ermöglicht die Verwendung der „solana-test-validator“-Implementierung für mehr robustere Tests, die auf einem <strong><em>local validator node</em></strong> stattfinden. Sie können den Editor ausführen <strong><em>aber Haltepunkte in der Programm werden ignoriert</em></strong>.</li><li>Das CLI-Tool <code>solana-test-validator</code> führt und lädt Ihr Programm und verarbeitet die Transaktionsausführung Befehlszeilen-Rust-Anwendungen oder Javascript-/Typescript-Anwendungen, die web3 verwenden.</li><li>Für alle oben genannten Punkte wird die großzügige Verwendung des <code>msg!</code>-Makros in Ihrem Programm zu Beginn und danach empfohlen. Entfernen Sie sie beim Testen und stellen Sie ein felsenfestes Verhalten sicher. Denken Sie daran, dass &quot;msg!&quot; Recheneinheiten verbraucht, die Ihr Programm schließlich scheitern lassen kann, indem Sie die Budgetobergrenzen für Compute Units erreichen.</li></ul></div><p>Die Schritte in den folgenden Abschnitten verwenden die <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a>. Klonen Sie das auf Ihre Maschine:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone [email protected]:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="laufzeittests-und-debugging-im-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#laufzeittests-und-debugging-im-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Laufzeittests und Debugging im Editor</h2><p>Öffnen Sie die Datei <code>src/lib.rs</code></p><p>Sie werden sehen, dass das Programm ziemlich einfach ist und im Grunde nur die empfangenen Inhalte protokolliert die Programmeintrittspunktfunktion: <code>process_instruction</code></p><ol><li>Gehen Sie zum Abschnitt „#[cfg(test)]“ und klicken Sie auf „Tests ausführen“. Dadurch wird das Programm erstellt und dann Führen Sie den Test „async fn test_transaction()“ aus. Sie sehen die Protokollmeldungen (vereinfacht) im vscode-Terminal unten der Quelle.</li></ol><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bpf_program_template&quot;</span> program loaded as native code Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Setzen Sie einen Haltepunkt in der Zeile „msg!“ des Programms (11)</li><li>Zurück im Testmodul klicken Sie auf „Debug“ und innerhalb von Sekunden stoppt der Debugger am Haltepunkt und können jetzt die Daten untersuchen, Funktionen schrittweise durchlaufen usw. usw.</li></ol><p>Diese Tests werden auch über die Befehlszeile ausgeführt mit: <code>cargo test</code> oder <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. Eventuelle Haltepunkte werden natürlich ignoriert.</p><p>Wie groovig kann man werden!</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>Denken Sie daran, dass Sie keinen Validierungsknoten verwenden, sodass Standardprogramme, Blockhashes usw. nicht dargestellt werden oder sich nicht so verhalten, wie sie es tun würden, wenn im Validator-Knoten ausgeführt würden. Deshalb hat uns die Solana Gang Lokales-Node-Validierungs-testing gegeben.</p></div><h2 id="testen-des-lokalen-validator-knotens-im-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#testen-des-lokalen-validator-knotens-im-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Testen des lokalen Validator-Knotens im Editor</h2><p>Integrationstests mit programmgesteuertem Laden eines lokalen Validierungsknotens sind in definiert Datei „tests/integration.rs“.</p><p>Standardmäßig können die Vorlagenrepo-Integrationstests nur über die Befehlszeile mit <code>cargo test-bpf</code> ausgeführt werden. Mit den folgenden Schritten können Sie auch die Anzeige von Programm-Validator-Logs und <code>msg!</code>-Ausgaben Ihres Programms, innerhalb des Editors arbeiten:</p><ol><li>Führen Sie im Repo-Verzeichnis <code>cargo build-bpf</code> aus, um das Beispielprogramm zu erstellen</li><li>Öffnen Sie im Editor „tests/integration.rs“.</li><li>Zeile 1 auskommentieren -&gt; <code>// #![cfg(feature = &quot;test-bpf&quot;)]</code></li><li>Ändern Sie es in Zeile 19 wie folgt: <code>.add_program(&quot;target/deploy/bpf_program_template&quot;, program_id)</code></li><li>Fügen Sie in Zeile 22 Folgendes ein: <code>solana_logger::setup_with_default(&quot;solana_runtime::message=debug&quot;);</code></li><li>Klicken Sie über der Funktion „test_validator_transaction()“ auf „Test ausführen“.</li></ol><p>Dadurch wird der Validator-Knoten geladen und Sie können dann eine Transaktion erstellen (auf Rust-Weise) und unter Verwendung des <code>RcpClient</code> an den Knoten übermitteln.</p><p>Die Ausgabe des Programms wird auch im Editor-Terminal ausgedruckt. Zum Beispiel (vereinfacht):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span> Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>Das Debuggen hier ermöglicht es Ihnen, die im <strong><em>test body</em></strong> verwendeten Funktionen und Methoden zu debuggen, wird aber kein Haltepunkt in Ihrem Programm.</p><p>Die Knie der Biene, oder?</p><h2 id="testen-lokaler-validator-knoten-von-client-apps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#testen-lokaler-validator-knoten-von-client-apps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Testen lokaler Validator-Knoten von Client-Apps</h2><p>Schließlich können Sie einen lokalen Validierungsknoten starten und Ihr Programm und alle Konten mit dem <code>solana-test-validator</code> laden von der Kommandozeile.</p><p>Mit dieser Methode, wirst du eine client application oder Rust benutzen Bei diesem Ansatz benötigen Sie eine Client-Anwendung, die entweder in Rust <a href="#Ressourcen">RcpClient</a> oder in <a href="#Ressourcen">JavaScript or Typescript clients</a> verwendet wird.</p><p>Siehe <code>solana-test-validator --help</code> für weitere Details und Optionen. Für das Beispielprogramm hier ist Vanilla Setup:</p><ol><li>Öffnen Sie ein Terminal im Repo-Ordner</li><li>Führen Sie <code>solana config set -ul</code> aus, um die Konfiguration so einzustellen, dass sie auf lokal zeigt</li><li>Führen Sie „solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so“ aus</li><li>Öffnen Sie ein anderes Terminal und führen Sie „solana logs“ aus, um den Log-Streamer zu starten</li><li>Sie können dann Ihr Client-Programm ausführen und die Programmausgabe in dem Terminal beobachten, in dem Sie den Log-Streamer gestartet haben</li></ol><p>Nun, das ist der Schlafanzug der Katze YO!</p><h2 id="ressourcen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ressourcen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ressourcen</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/account-maps.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Kontozuordnungen | Solana Cookbook</title><meta name="description" content=""> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.17bd8d7d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/account-maps.html.cd84fe7b.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/account-maps.html#ableitende-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Ableitende PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Ableitende PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/account-maps.html#einzelnes-kartenkonto" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Einzelnes Kartenkonto"><!--[--><!--]--> Einzelnes Kartenkonto <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="kontozuordnungen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kontozuordnungen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kontozuordnungen</h1><p>Zuordnungen (Maps) sind Datenstrukturen, die wir häufig beim Programmieren verwenden, um einen <strong>Schlüssel</strong> mit einem <strong>Wert</strong> irgendeiner Art zu verknüpfen. Der Schlüssel und der Wert können von jedem beliebigen Typ sein, und der Schlüssel dient als Kennung für einen bestimmten Wert, der gespeichert wird. Es ermöglicht uns dann, angesichts seines Schlüssels, diese Werte effizient einzufügen, abzurufen und zu aktualisieren.</p><p>Wie wir wissen, erfordert das Kontomodell von Solana, dass Programmdaten und ihre relevanten Zustandsdaten in verschiedenen Konten gespeichert werden. Diesen Konten ist eine Adresse zugeordnet. Dies dient an sich als Karte! Erfahren Sie [hier][AccountCookbook] mehr über den Kontomodus von Solana.</p><p>Es wäre also sinnvoll, Ihre <strong>Werte</strong> in separaten Konten zu speichern, wobei deren Adresse der <strong>Schlüssel</strong> ist, der zum Abrufen des Werts erforderlich ist. Aber das bringt ein paar Probleme mit sich, wie z.B.</p><ul><li><p>Die oben genannten Adressen sind höchstwahrscheinlich keine idealen <strong>Schlüssel</strong>, an die Sie sich erinnern und den erforderlichen Wert abrufen könnten.</p></li><li><p>Die oben erwähnten Adressen beziehen sich auf öffentliche Schlüssel verschiedener <strong>Schlüsselpaare</strong>, wobei jedem öffentlichen Schlüssel (oder <em>Adresse</em>) auch ein <strong>privater Schlüssel</strong> zugeordnet wäre. Dieser private Schlüssel müsste bei Bedarf verschiedene Anweisungen unterzeichnen, sodass wir den privaten Schlüssel irgendwo speichern müssen, was definitiv <strong>nicht</strong> empfohlen wird!</p></li></ul><p>Dies stellt ein Problem dar, mit dem viele Solana-Entwickler konfrontiert sind, nämlich das Implementieren einer &quot;Map&quot;-ähnlichen Logik in ihre Programme. Schauen wir uns ein paar Möglichkeiten an, wie wir dieses Problem angehen würden.</p><h2 id="ableitende-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ableitende-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ableitende PDAs</h2><p>PDA steht für <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, und sind kurz gesagt Adressen <strong>abgeleitet</strong> von einer Reihe von Seeds und einer Programm-ID (oder <em>address</em>).</p><p>The unique thing about PDAs is that, these addresses are <strong>not</strong> associated with any private key. This is because these addresses do not lie on the ED25519 curve. Hence, <strong>only</strong> the program, from which this <em>address</em> was derived, can sign an instruction with the key, provided the seeds as well. Learn more about this <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Nachdem wir nun eine Vorstellung davon haben, was PDAs sind, verwenden wir sie, um einige Konten zuzuordnen! Wir nehmen ein Beispiel eines <strong>Blog</strong>-Programms, um zu demonstrieren, wie dies implementiert werden würde.</p><p>In diesem Blog-Programm möchten wir, dass jeder „Benutzer“ einen einzigen „Blog“ hat. Dieser Blog kann beliebig viele <code>Beiträge</code> haben. Das würde bedeuten, dass wir jeden Benutzer einem Blog <strong>zuordnen</strong> und jeder Beitrag einem bestimmten Blog <strong>zugeordnet</strong> wird.</p><p>Kurz gesagt, es gibt eine 1:1-Zuordnung zwischen einem Benutzer und seinem/ihrem Blog, während eine 1:N-Zuordnung zwischen einem Blog und seinen Beiträgen besteht.</p><p>Für die 1:1-Zuordnung möchten wir, dass die Adresse eines Blogs <strong>nur</strong> von seinem Benutzer abgeleitet wird, was es uns ermöglichen würde, ein Blog abzurufen, wenn seine Autorität (oder <em>user</em>) gegeben ist. Daher würden die Schlüssel für einrn Blog aus dem Schlüssel seiner <strong>Autorität</strong> und möglicherweise einem Präfix von <strong>&quot;Blog&quot;</strong> bestehen, das als Typidentifizierer fungiert.</p><p>For the <code>1:N</code> mapping, we would want each post&#39;s address to be derived <strong>not only</strong> from the blog which it is associated with, but also another <strong>identifier</strong>, allowing us to differentiate between the <code>N</code> number of posts in the blog. In the example below, each post&#39;s address is derived from the <strong>blog&#39;s key</strong>, a <strong>slug</strong> to identify each post, and a prefix of <strong>&quot;post&quot;</strong>, to act as a type identifier.</p><p>Der Code ist wie unten gezeigt,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Content or Title.&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> #<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> init<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span> <span class="token comment">/// </span> <span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span> <span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: InitBlog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Instruction: CreatePost&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Instruction&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Post Data&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account not Writable&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br><span class="line-number">171</span><br><span class="line-number">172</span><br><span class="line-number">173</span><br><span class="line-number">174</span><br><span class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating post account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Post data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing Blog data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating blog account!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Auf der Client-Seite können Sie „PublicKey.findProgramAddress()“ verwenden, um die erforderliche „Blog“- und „Post“-Kontoadresse zu erhalten, die Sie an „connection.getAccountInfo()“ übergeben können, um die Kontodaten abzurufen. Ein Beispiel ist unten gezeigt,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authorityPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;postCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;bump&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;slug-1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Blog account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Post account state: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="einzelnes-kartenkonto" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#einzelnes-kartenkonto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Einzelnes Kartenkonto</h2><p>Eine andere Möglichkeit, das Mapping zu implementieren, wäre, eine <code>BTreeMap</code>-Datenstruktur explizit in einem einzigen Konto zu speichern. Die Adresse dieses Kontos selbst könnte ein PDA oder der öffentliche Schlüssel eines generierten Schlüsselpaars sein.</p><p>Diese Methode zum Zuordnen von Konten ist aus folgenden Gründen nicht ideal:</p><ul><li><p>Sie müssen zuerst das Konto initialisieren, in dem die <code>BTreeMap</code> gespeichert ist, bevor Sie die erforderlichen Schlüssel-Wert-Paare darin einfügen können. Dann müssen Sie auch die Adresse dieses Kontos irgendwo speichern, um sie jedes Mal zu aktualisieren.</p></li><li><p>Es gibt Speicherbeschränkungen für ein Konto, wobei ein Konto eine maximale Größe von <strong>10 Megabyte</strong> haben kann, wodurch die <code>BTreeMap</code> daran gehindert wird, eine große Anzahl von Schlüssel-Wert-Paaren zu speichern.</p></li></ul><p>Daher können Sie nach Berücksichtigung Ihres Anwendungsfalls diese Methode wie unten gezeigt implementieren:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;instruction_data: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initializing map!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Inserting entry!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -&gt; blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid MapAccount account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Invalid Blog account&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">&quot;Account already has entry in Map&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Creating MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Deserializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Serializing MapAccount account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Der clientseitige Code zum Testen des obigen Programms würde wie folgt aussehen:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@project-serum/borsh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;is_initialized&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_a&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;user_b&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;blogs&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://localhost:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;MapData: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/retrying-transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transaktionen Wiederholen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transaktionen Wiederholen"><meta name="description" content="In einigen Fällen kann eine scheinbar gültige Transaktion verworfen werden, bevor sie in einen Block aufgenommen wird. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, können Anwendungsentwickler ihre eigene benutzerdefinierte Rebroadcasting-Logik entwickeln. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Wiederholen von Transaktionen und mehr im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="In einigen Fällen kann eine scheinbar gültige Transaktion verworfen werden, bevor sie in einen Block aufgenommen wird. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, können Anwendungsentwickler ihre eigene benutzerdefinierte Rebroadcasting-Logik entwickeln. Erfahren Sie mehr über das Wiederholen von Transaktionen und mehr im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transaktionen Wiederholen | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/retrying-transactions.html.8880b234.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/retrying-transactions.html.63745293.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/retrying-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/retrying-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="die-reise-einer-transaktion" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#die-reise-einer-transaktion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Die Reise einer Transaktion</h1><p>In einigen Fällen kann eine scheinbar gültige Transaktion verworfen werden, bevor sie in einen Block aufgenommen wird. Dies tritt am häufigsten in Zeiten von Netzwerküberlastung auf, wenn ein RPC-Knoten die Transaktion nicht erneut an den [Leader] (https://docs.solana.com/terminology#leader) sendet. Für einen Endbenutzer kann es so aussehen, als würde seine Transaktion vollständig verschwinden. Während RPC-Knoten mit einem generischen Rebroadcasting-Algorithmus ausgestattet sind, sind Anwendungsentwickler auch in der Lage, ihre eigene benutzerdefinierte Rebroadcasting-Logik zu entwickeln.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>RPC-Knoten versuchen, Transaktionen unter Verwendung eines generischen Algorithmus erneut auszusenden</li><li>Anwendungsentwickler können ihre eigene benutzerdefinierte Rebroadcasting-Logik implementieren</li><li>Entwickler sollten den Parameter &quot;maxRetries&quot; in der JSON-RPC-Methode &quot;sendTransaction&quot; nutzen</li><li>Entwickler sollten Preflight-Prüfungen aktivieren, um Fehler zu melden, bevor Transaktionen übermittelt werden</li><li>Bevor Sie eine Transaktion neu signieren, ist es <strong>sehr wichtig</strong> sicherzustellen, dass der Blockhash der ursprünglichen Transaktion abgelaufen ist</li></ul></div><h2 id="die-reise-einer-transaktion-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#die-reise-einer-transaktion-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Die Reise einer Transaktion</h2><h3 id="wie-anwender-transaktionen-ubermitteln" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-anwender-transaktionen-ubermitteln" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie Anwender Transaktionen übermitteln</h3><p>In Solana gibt es kein Konzept eines Mempools. Alle Transaktionen, ob programmgesteuert oder von einem Endbenutzer initiiert, werden effizient an Leader weitergeleitet, damit sie in einem Block verarbeitet werden können. Es gibt zwei Hauptwege, auf denen eine Transaktion an Führungskräfte gesendet werden kann:</p><ol><li>Per Proxy über einen RPC-Server und die JSON-RPC-Methode <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#sendtransaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">sendTransaction<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</li><li>Direkt zu Führungskräften über einen [TPU-Client] (https://docs.rs/solana-client/1.7.3/solana_client/tpu_client/index.html)</li></ol><p>Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Endbenutzer übermittelt Transaktionen über einen RPC-Server. Wenn ein Client eine Transaktion übermittelt, versucht der empfangende RPC-Knoten wiederum, die Transaktion sowohl an den aktuellen als auch an den nächsten Leader zu senden. Bis die Transaktion von einem Leader verarbeitet wird, gibt es keine Aufzeichnung der Transaktion außerhalb dessen, was dem Client und den weiterleitenden RPC-Knoten bekannt ist. Im Fall eines TPU-Clients wird das Rebroadcasting und die Leader-Weiterleitung vollständig von der Client-Software gehandhabt.</p><p><img src="/assets/tx-journey.dd6310be.png" alt="Transaction Journey"></p><h3 id="wie-rpc-knoten-transaktionen-senden" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-rpc-knoten-transaktionen-senden" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie RPC-Knoten Transaktionen senden</h3><p>Nachdem ein RPC-Knoten eine Transaktion über „sendTransaction“ empfangen hat, konvertiert er die Transaktion in ein <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UDP<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>-Paket, bevor er es an die relevanten Leader weiterleitet. UDP ermöglicht es Validatoren, schnell miteinander zu kommunizieren, bietet jedoch keine Garantien für die Transaktionszustellung.</p><p>Da Solanas Leader-Zeitplan vor jeder <a href="https://docs.solana.com/terminology#epoch" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Epoche<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> (~2 Tage) bekannt ist, sendet ein RPC-Knoten seine Transaktion direkt an die aktuellen und nächsten Leader. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu anderen Klatschprotokollen wie Ethereum, die Transaktionen zufällig und breit über das gesamte Netzwerk verbreiten. Standardmäßig versuchen RPC-Knoten alle zwei Sekunden, Transaktionen an Leader weiterzuleiten, bis entweder die Transaktion abgeschlossen ist oder der Blockhash der Transaktion abläuft (150 Blöcke oder ~1 Minute 19 Sekunden zum Zeitpunkt des Schreibens dieses Artikels). Wenn die Größe der ausstehenden Rebroadcast-Warteschlange größer als <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/bfbbc53dac93b3a5c6be9b4b65f679fdb13e41d9/send-transaction-service/src/send_transaction_service.rs#L20" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.000 Transaktionen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ist, werden neu übermittelte Transaktionen fallengelassen. Es gibt Befehlszeilen-<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/bfbbc53dac93b3a5c6be9b4b65f679fdb13e41d9/validator/src/main.rs#L1172" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Argumente<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, die die Logik der RPC-Operatoren anpassen können, um das Standardverhalten dieser Wiederholung zu ändern.</p><p>Wenn ein RPC-Knoten eine Transaktion sendet, versucht er, die Transaktion an die <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/core/src/validator.rs#L867" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing Unit (TPU)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> eines Leaders weiterzuleiten . Die TPU verarbeitet Transaktionen in fünf verschiedenen Phasen:</p><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/core/src/fetch_stage.rs#L21" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fetch Stage<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/core/src/tpu.rs#L91" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SigVerify Stage<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/core/src/banking_stage.rs#L249" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Banking Stage<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/poh/src/poh_service.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Proof of History Service<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/core/src/tpu.rs#L136" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Broadcast Stage<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><p><img src="/assets/tpu-jito-labs.8bb32fb6.png" alt="TPU Overview"><small style="display:block;text-align:center;">Image Courtesy of Jito Labs</small></p><p>Von diesen fünf Phasen ist die Fetch-Phase für den Empfang von Transaktionen verantwortlich. Innerhalb der Fetch-Phase kategorisieren Validatoren eingehende Transaktionen nach drei Ports:</p><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/gossip/src/contact_info.rs#L27" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tpu<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verarbeitet regelmäßige Transaktionen wie Token-Transfers, NFT-Mints und Programmanweisungen</li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/gossip/src/contact_info.rs#L31" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tpu_vote<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> konzentriert sich ausschließlich auf Stimmrechtsgeschäfte</li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/cd6f931223181d5a1d47cba64e857785a175a760/gossip/src/contact_info.rs#L29" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tpu_forwards<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> leitet unverarbeitete Pakete an den nächsten Leader weiter, wenn der aktuelle Leader nicht in der Lage ist, alle Transaktionen zu verarbeiten</li></ul><p>Weitere Informationen zum TPU finden Sie unter <a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dieser hervorragenden Beschreibung von Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h2 id="wie-transaktionen-verworfen-werden" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wie-transaktionen-verworfen-werden" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wie Transaktionen verworfen werden</h2><p>Während der Reise einer Transaktion gibt es einige Szenarien, in denen die Transaktion unbeabsichtigt aus dem Netzwerk fallen gelassen werden kann.</p><h3 id="bevor-eine-transaktion-verarbeitet-wird" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bevor-eine-transaktion-verarbeitet-wird" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bevor eine Transaktion verarbeitet wird</h3><p>Wenn das Netzwerk eine Transaktion verwirft, wird es dies höchstwahrscheinlich tun, bevor die Transaktion von einem Leader verarbeitet wird. UDP <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_loss" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Paketverlust<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ist der einfachste Grund, warum dies auftreten kann. In Zeiten intensiver Netzwerklast ist es auch möglich, dass Validierer von der schieren Anzahl der für die Verarbeitung erforderlichen Transaktionen überwältigt werden. Während Validatoren in der Lage sind, überschüssige Transaktionen über <code>tpu_forwards</code> weiterzuleiten, gibt es eine Grenze für die Datenmenge, die <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/core/src/banking_stage.rs#L389" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">weitergeleitet<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> werden kann . Darüber hinaus ist jede Weiterleitung auf einen einzelnen Sprung zwischen Prüfern beschränkt. Das heißt, Transaktionen, die auf dem <code>tpu_forwards</code>-Port empfangen werden, werden nicht an andere Validatoren weitergeleitet.</p><p>Es gibt auch zwei weniger bekannte Gründe, warum eine Transaktion verworfen werden kann, bevor sie verarbeitet wird. Das erste Szenario umfasst Transaktionen, die über einen RPC-Pool übermittelt werden. Gelegentlich kann ein Teil des RPC-Pools dem Rest des Pools ausreichend voraus sein. Dies kann zu Problemen führen, wenn Knoten innerhalb des Pools zusammenarbeiten müssen. In diesem Beispiel wird der <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">recentBlockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> der Transaktion aus dem erweiterten Teil des Pools (Backend A) abgefragt. Wenn die Transaktion an den verzögerten Teil des Pools (Backend B) gesendet wird, erkennen die Knoten den erweiterten Blockhash nicht und verwerfen die Transaktion. Dies kann bei der Transaktionsübermittlung erkannt werden, wenn Entwickler <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#sendtransaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preflight-Prüfungen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> für <code>sendTransaction</code> aktivieren.</p><p><img src="/assets/dropped-via-rpc-pool.8d1ce9af.png" alt="Über RPC Pool gelöscht"></p><p>Vorübergehende Netzwerk-Forks können auch zu abgebrochenen Transaktionen führen. Wenn ein Validator seine Blöcke innerhalb der Banking-Phase nur langsam wiedergibt, kann er am Ende einen Minority Fork erstellen. Wenn ein Client eine Transaktion erstellt, ist es möglich, dass die Transaktion auf einen <code>recentBlockhash</code> verweist, der nur auf dem Minority Fork existiert. Nachdem die Transaktion übermittelt wurde, kann der Cluster von seinem Minority Fork wegschalten, bevor die Transaktion verarbeitet wird. In diesem Szenario wird die Transaktion verworfen, weil der Blockhash nicht gefunden wird.</p><p><img src="/assets/dropped-minority-fork-pre-process.555653e1.png" alt="Aufgrund von Minority Fork fallen gelassen (vor der Verarbeitung)"></p><h3 id="nachdem-eine-transaktion-verarbeitet-wurde-und-bevor-sie-abgeschlossen-wird" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nachdem-eine-transaktion-verarbeitet-wurde-und-bevor-sie-abgeschlossen-wird" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Nachdem eine Transaktion verarbeitet wurde und bevor sie abgeschlossen wird</h3><p>Für den Fall, dass eine Transaktion auf einen „recentBlockhash“ von einem Minority Fork verweist, ist es immer noch möglich, dass die Transaktion verarbeitet wird. In diesem Fall würde es jedoch vom Leader auf dem Minority Fork verarbeitet. Wenn dieser Anführer versucht, seine verarbeiteten Transaktionen mit dem Rest des Netzwerks zu teilen, würde er keinen Konsens mit der Mehrheit der Validatoren erzielen, die den Minority Fork nicht anerkennen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt würde die Transaktion fallen gelassen, bevor sie abgeschlossen werden könnte.</p><p><img src="/assets/dropped-minority-fork-post-process.48c3c955.png" alt="Gefallen aufgrund von Minority Fork (nach Verarbeitung)"></p><h2 id="umgang-mit-abgebrochenen-transaktionen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#umgang-mit-abgebrochenen-transaktionen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Umgang mit abgebrochenen Transaktionen</h2><p>Während RPC-Knoten versuchen, Transaktionen erneut zu übertragen, ist der von ihnen verwendete Algorithmus generisch und oft für die Anforderungen bestimmter Anwendungen ungeeignet. Um sich auf Zeiten der Netzwerküberlastung vorzubereiten, sollten Anwendungsentwickler ihre eigene Rebroadcasting-Logik anpassen.</p><h3 id="ein-eingehender-blick-in-sendtransaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ein-eingehender-blick-in-sendtransaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Ein eingehender Blick in sendTransaction</h3><p>Wenn es um das Senden von Transaktionen geht, ist die RPC-Methode <code>sendTransaction</code> das primäre Tool, das Entwicklern zur Verfügung steht. <code>sendTransaction</code> ist nur für die Weiterleitung einer Transaktion von einem Client an einen RPC-Knoten verantwortlich. Wenn der Knoten die Transaktion empfängt, gibt <code>sendTransaction</code> die Transaktions-ID zurück, die zum Verfolgen der Transaktion verwendet werden kann. Eine erfolgreiche Antwort zeigt nicht an, ob die Transaktion vom Cluster verarbeitet oder abgeschlossen wird.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><h4 id="request-parameters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#request-parameters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Request Parameters</h4><ul><li><code>transaction</code>: <code>string</code> - vollständig signierte Transaktion als verschlüsselte Zeichenfolge</li><li>(optional) <code>Konfigurationsobjekt</code>: <code>Objekt</code><ul><li><code>skipPreflight</code>: <code>boolean</code> - wenn wahr, die Preflight-Transaktionsprüfungen überspringen (Standard: falsch)</li><li>(optional) <code>preflightCommitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> Level zur Verwendung für Preflight-Simulationen gegen den Bank-Slot (Standard: &quot;abgeschlossen&quot;).</li><li>(optional) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Codierung, die für die Transaktionsdaten verwendet werden. Entweder &quot;base58&quot; (langsam) oder &quot;base64&quot;. (Standard: &quot;base58&quot;).</li><li>(optional) <code>maxRetries</code>: <code>usize</code> - Maximale Anzahl von Malen für den RPC-Knoten, um erneut zu versuchen, die Transaktion an den Leader zu senden. Wenn dieser Parameter nicht angegeben wird, wiederholt der RPC-Knoten die Transaktion, bis sie abgeschlossen ist oder bis der Blockhash abläuft.</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="antwort" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#antwort" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Antwort</h4><ul><li><code>transaction id</code>: <code>string</code> – Erste in die Transaktion eingebettete Transaktionssignatur als base-58-codierte Zeichenfolge. Diese Transaktions-ID kann mit <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getsignaturestatuses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getSignatureStatuses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verwendet werden, um Statusaktualisierungen abzurufen.</li></ul></div><h2 id="anpassen-der-reroadcast-logik" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#anpassen-der-reroadcast-logik" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Anpassen der Reroadcast-Logik</h2><p>Um ihre eigene Rebroadcasting-Logik zu entwickeln, sollten Entwickler den Parameter <code>maxRetries</code> von <code>sendTransaction</code> nutzen. Falls angegeben, überschreibt <code>maxRetries</code> die standardmäßige Wiederholungslogik eines RPC-Knotens, sodass Entwickler den Wiederholungsprozess <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/98707baec2385a4f7114d2167ef6dfb1406f954f/validator/src/main.rs#L1258-L1274" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">innerhalb vernünftiger Grenzen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> manuell steuern können.</p><p>Ein gängiges Muster für das manuelle Wiederholen von Transaktionen besteht darin, <code>lastValidBlockHeight</code> vorübergehend zu speichern, das von <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getlatestblockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getLatestBlockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> stammt. Nach dem Zwischenspeichern kann eine Anwendung dann <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getblockheight" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">die Blockhöhe des Clusters abfragen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und die Transaktion in einem angemessenen Intervall manuell wiederholen. In Zeiten von Netzwerküberlastung ist es vorteilhaft, „maxRetries“ auf 0 zu setzen und manuell über einen benutzerdefinierten Algorithmus erneut zu senden. Während einige Anwendungen möglicherweise einen <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">exponentiellen Backoff<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>-Algorithmus verwenden, entscheiden sich andere wie <a href="https://www.mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> dafür, Transaktionen in einem konstanten Intervall <a href="https://github.com/blockworks-foundation/mango-ui/blob/b6abfc6c13b71fc17ebbe766f50b8215fa1ec54f/src/utils/send.tsx#L713" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">kontinuierlich erneut einzureichen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, bis eine Zeitüberschreitung aufgetreten ist.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">sleep</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ms<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token builtin">Promise</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ms<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> toAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8899&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> blockhashResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhashAndContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token operator">=</span> blockhashResponse<span class="token punctuation">.</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slot <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">150</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> blockhashResponse<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token operator">:</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">,</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rawTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> blockheight <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlockHeight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blockheight <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rawTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blockheight <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlockHeight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blockheight <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rawTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> blockheight <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlockHeight</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Bei der Abfrage über <code>getLatestBlockhash</code> sollten Anwendungen ihre beabsichtigte <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>-Ebene angeben. Indem sie ihr Commitment auf „bestätigt“ (abgestimmt) oder „abgeschlossen“ (~30 Blöcke nach „bestätigt“) setzen, kann eine Anwendung vermeiden, einen Blockhash von einem Minority Fork abzufragen.</p><p>Wenn eine Anwendung Zugriff auf RPC-Knoten hinter einem Load Balancer hat, kann sie ihre Arbeitslast auch auf bestimmte Knoten aufteilen. RPC-Knoten, die datenintensive Anfragen wie <a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">getProgramAccounts</a> bedienen, neigen möglicherweise dazu, ins Hintertreffen zu geraten, und können auch für die Weiterleitung von Transaktionen ungeeignet sein. Für Anwendungen, die zeitkritische Transaktionen verarbeiten, kann es ratsam sein, dedizierte Knoten zu haben, die nur &quot;sendTransaction&quot; verarbeiten.</p><h3 id="die-kosten-fur-das-uberspringen-des-preflights" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#die-kosten-fur-das-uberspringen-des-preflights" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Die Kosten für das Überspringen des Preflights</h3><p>Standardmäßig führt &quot;sendTransaction&quot; drei Preflight-Prüfungen durch, bevor eine Transaktion übermittelt wird. Insbesondere wird <code>sendTransaction</code>:</p><ul><li>Überprüfen, ob alle Unterschriften gültig sind</li><li>Überprüfen, ob der referenzierte Blockhash innerhalb der letzten 150 Blöcke liegt</li><li>Die Transaktion mit dem durch &quot;preflightCommitment&quot; angegebenen Bankfach simulieren</li></ul><p>Für den Fall, dass eine dieser drei Preflight-Prüfungen fehlschlägt, wird <code>sendTransaction</code> einen Fehler auslösen, bevor die Transaktion übermittelt wird. Preflight-Prüfungen können oft den Unterschied zwischen dem Verlust einer Transaktion und der ordnungsgemäßen Behandlung eines Fehlers durch einen Client ausmachen. Um sicherzustellen, dass diese häufigen Fehler berücksichtigt werden, wird empfohlen, dass Entwickler <code>skipPreflight</code> auf <code>false</code> setzen.</p><h3 id="wann-transaktionen-neu-signiert-werden-mussen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wann-transaktionen-neu-signiert-werden-mussen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wann Transaktionen neu signiert werden müssen</h3><p>Trotz aller Wiederholungsversuche kann es vorkommen, dass ein Kunde eine Transaktion erneut signieren muss. Bevor Sie eine Transaktion neu signieren, ist es <strong>sehr wichtig</strong> sicherzustellen, dass der Blockhash der ursprünglichen Transaktion abgelaufen ist. Wenn der anfängliche Blockhash noch gültig ist, ist es möglich, dass beide Transaktionen vom Netzwerk akzeptiert werden. Für einen Endbenutzer würde dies so aussehen, als ob er dieselbe Transaktion unbeabsichtigt zweimal gesendet hätte.</p><p>In Solana kann eine verworfene Transaktion sicher verworfen werden, sobald der Blockhash, auf den sie verweist, älter ist als die von „getLatestBlockhash“ empfangene „lastValidBlockHeight“. Entwickler sollten diese <code>lastValidBlockHeight</code> im Auge behalten, indem sie <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getepochinfo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>getEpochInfo</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> abfragen und mit <code>blockHeight</code> in der Antwort vergleichen. Sobald ein Blockhash für ungültig erklärt wurde, können Clients mit einem neu abgefragten Blockhash erneut signieren.</p><h2 id="danksagungen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#danksagungen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Danksagungen</h2><p>Vielen Dank an Trent Nelson, <a href="https://twitter.com/jacobvcreech" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jacob Creech<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, White Tiger, Le Yafo, <a href="https://twitter.com/buffalu__" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Buffalu<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und <a href="https://twitter.com/jito_labs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> für ihre Bewertung und ihr Feedback.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><!----><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Programmkonten Abfragen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Programmkonten Abfragen"><meta name="description" content="Lernen Sie, wie Sie Daten auf Solana mit getProgramAccounts und accountsDB abfragen"><meta name="og:description" content="Lernen Sie, wie Sie Daten auf Solana mit getProgramAccounts und accountsDB abfragen"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programmkonten Abfragen | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.7e74d8ff.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/get-program-accounts.html.2d157240.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html#filters" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="filters"><!--[--><!--]--> filters <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html#dataslice" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="dataSlice"><!--[--><!--]--> dataSlice <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programmkonten-abfragen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programmkonten-abfragen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programmkonten Abfragen</h1><p>Eine RPC-Methode, die alle Konten zurückgibt, die einem Programm gehören. Paginierung wird derzeit nicht unterstützt. Anfragen an „getProgramAccounts“ sollten die Parameter „dataSlice“ und/oder „filters“ enthalten, um die Antwortzeit zu verbessern und nur beabsichtigte Ergebnisse zurückzugeben.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Parameters</p><ul><li>„programId“: „string“ – Pubkey des abzufragenden Programms, bereitgestellt als base58-codierter String</li><li>(optional) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - Konfigurationsparameter, die die folgenden optionalen Felder enthalten: <ul><li>(optional) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Staatliche Verpflichtung<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(optional) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Encoding für Kontodaten, entweder: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code> oder <code>jsonParsed</code>. Beachten Sie, dass Benutzer von web3js stattdessen <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verwenden sollten.</li><li>(optional) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - Beschränken Sie die zurückgegebenen Kontodaten basierend auf: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Anzahl der Bytes in Kontodaten, um mit der Rückgabe zu beginnen</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - Anzahl der zurückzugebenden Kontodaten-Bytes</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - Filtern Sie die Ergebnisse mit den folgenden Filterobjekten: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - Passen Sie eine Reihe von Bytes an Kontodaten an: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Anzahl der Bytes in den Kontodaten, um mit dem Vergleich zu beginnen</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - Zu vergleichende Daten, als Base58-codierter String, begrenzt auf 129 Bytes</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - Vergleicht die Kontodatenlänge mit der bereitgestellten Datengröße</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - Das Ergebnis in ein [RpcResponse JSON-Objekt] einschließen (https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure)</li></ul></li></ul></div><h5 id="antwort" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#antwort" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Antwort</h5><p>Standardmäßig gibt <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ein Array von JSON-Objekten mit der folgenden Struktur zurück:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - Der Konto-Pubkey als base58-codierter String</li><li>„account“: „object“ – ein JSON-Objekt mit den folgenden Unterfeldern: <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, Anzahl der dem Konto zugeordneten Lamports</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, Der base58-kodierte Pubkey des Programms, dem das Konto zugewiesen wurde</li><li>„Daten“: „Zeichenfolge“ | „Objekt“ – Daten, die dem Konto zugeordnet sind, entweder als codierte Binärdaten oder im JSON-Format, abhängig vom bereitgestellten Codierungsparameter</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, Angabe ob das Konto ein Programm enthält</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, Die Epoche, in der dieses Konto das nächste mal Miete schuldet :::</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>„getProgramAccounts“ ist eine vielseitige RPC-Methode, die alle Konten zurückgibt, die einem Programm gehören. Wir können &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot; für eine Reihe nützlicher Abfragen verwenden, z. B. um Folgendes zu finden:</p><ul><li>Alle Token-Konten für eine bestimmte Brieftasche</li><li>Alle Token-Konten für eine bestimmte Minze (d. h. alle <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>-Inhaber)</li><li>Alle benutzerdefinierten Konten für ein bestimmtes Programm (d. h. alle Benutzer von <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>)</li></ul><p>Trotz seiner Nützlichkeit wird <code>getProgramAccounts</code> aufgrund seiner derzeitigen Beschränkungen oft missverstanden. Viele der von „getProgramAccounts“ unterstützten Abfragen erfordern RPC-Knoten, um große Datensätze zu scannen. Diese Scans sind sowohl speicher- als auch ressourcenintensiv. Daher können zu häufige oder zu umfangreiche Aufrufe zu Verbindungszeitüberschreitungen führen. Darüber hinaus unterstützt der Endpunkt „getProgramAccounts“ zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung dieses Dokuments keine Paginierung. Wenn die Ergebnisse einer Abfrage zu groß sind, wird die Antwort abgeschnitten.</p><p>Um diese derzeitigen Beschränkungen zu umgehen, bietet <code>getProgramAccounts</code> eine Reihe nützlicher Parameter: nämlich <code>dataSlice</code> und die <code>filters</code>-Optionen <code>memcmp</code> und <code>dataSize</code>. Durch die Bereitstellung von Kombinationen dieser Parameter können wir den Umfang unserer Abfragen auf überschaubare und vorhersehbare Größen reduzieren.</p><p>Ein gängiges Beispiel für „getProgramAccounts“ ist die Interaktion mit dem [SPL-Token-Programm] (https://spl.solana.com/token). Das Anfordern aller Konten des Token-Programms mit einem <a href="/de/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">einfachen Aufruf</a> würde eine enorme Datenmenge erfordern. Durch die Bereitstellung von Parametern können wir jedoch effizient nur die Daten anfordern, die wir verwenden möchten.</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p>Der häufigste Parameter, der mit „getProgramAccounts“ verwendet wird, ist das „filters“-Array. Dieses Array akzeptiert zwei Arten von Filtern, „dataSize“ und „memcmp“. Bevor Sie einen dieser Filter verwenden, sollten wir uns damit vertraut machen, wie die angeforderten Daten angeordnet und serialisiert sind.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>Im Fall des Token-Programms können wir sehen, dass <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token-Konten 165 Byte lang sind<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Insbesondere hat ein Token-Konto acht verschiedene Felder, wobei jedes Feld eine vorhersagbare Anzahl von Bytes erfordert. Wir können anhand der folgenden Abbildung visualisieren, wie diese Daten angeordnet sind.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Größe"></p><p>Wenn wir alle Token-Konten finden möchten, die unserer Wallet-Adresse gehören, könnten wir „{ dataSize: 165 }“ zu unserem „filters“-Array hinzufügen, um den Umfang unserer Abfrage auf nur Konten einzugrenzen, die genau 165 Byte lang sind. Dies allein würde jedoch nicht ausreichen. Wir müssten auch einen Filter hinzufügen, der nach Konten sucht, die unserer Adresse gehören. Dies können wir mit dem <code>memcmp</code>-Filter erreichen.</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p>Der <code>memcmp</code>-Filter oder &quot;Speichervergleichsfilter&quot; ermöglicht es uns, Daten in jedem Feld zu vergleichen, das in unserem Konto gespeichert ist. Insbesondere können wir nur nach Konten abfragen, die mit einem bestimmten Satz von Bytes an einer bestimmten Position übereinstimmen. <code>memcmp</code> erfordert zwei Argumente:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Die Position, an der mit dem Datenvergleich begonnen werden soll. Diese Position wird in Bytes gemessen und als ganze Zahl ausgedrückt.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: Die Daten, die mit den Daten des Kontos übereinstimmen sollen. Dies wird als Base-58-codierte Zeichenfolge dargestellt und sollte auf weniger als 129 Bytes begrenzt sein.</li></ul><p>Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass &quot;memcmp&quot; nur Ergebnisse zurückgibt, die eine genaue Übereinstimmung mit &quot;Bytes&quot; sind. Derzeit werden keine Vergleiche für Werte unterstützt, die kleiner oder größer als die von uns bereitgestellten „Bytes“ sind.</p><p>In Übereinstimmung mit unserem Beispiel für das Token-Programm können wir unsere Abfrage so ändern, dass nur Token-Konten zurückgegeben werden, die unserer Wallet-Adresse gehören. Wenn wir uns ein Token-Konto ansehen, können wir sehen, dass die ersten beiden Felder, die auf einem Token-Konto gespeichert sind, beide Pubkeys sind und dass jeder Pubkey 32 Bytes lang ist. Da „Eigentümer“ das zweite Feld ist, sollten wir unser „memcmp“ bei einem „Offset“ von 32 Bytes beginnen. Von hier aus suchen wir nach Konten, deren Eigentümerfeld mit unserer Brieftaschenadresse übereinstimmt.</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Größe"></p><p>Wir können diese Abfrage über das folgende Beispiel aufrufen:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;mint&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;parsed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;tokenAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;uiAmount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mint: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Amount: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T: -- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy -- Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK Amount: 1.0 -- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb -- Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf Amount: 3.0 */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;jsonParsed&quot;, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 32, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output: </span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;parsed&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;info&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;isNative&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;mint&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;state&quot;: &quot;initialized&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;tokenAmount&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;amount&quot;: &quot;998999999000000000&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;decimals&quot;: 9,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmount&quot;: 998999999,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;uiAmountString&quot;: &quot;998999999&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;type&quot;: &quot;account&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;program&quot;: &quot;spl-token&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;space&quot;: 165</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>Abgesehen von den beiden Filterparametern ist der dritthäufigste Parameter für „getProgramAccounts“ „dataSlice“. Im Gegensatz zum Parameter &quot;filters&quot; reduziert &quot;dataSlice&quot; nicht die Anzahl der von einer Abfrage zurückgegebenen Konten. Stattdessen begrenzt „dataSlice“ die Datenmenge für jedes Konto.</p><p>Ähnlich wie <code>memcmp</code> akzeptiert <code>dataSlice</code> zwei Argumente:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Die Position (in Bytes), an der mit der Rückgabe von Kontodaten begonnen werden soll</li><li><code>length</code>: Die Anzahl der Bytes, die zurückgegeben werden sollen</li></ul><p><code>dataSlice</code>ist besonders nützlich, wenn wir Abfragen für einen großen Datensatz ausführen, uns aber nicht um die Kontodaten selbst kümmern. Ein Beispiel dafür wäre, wenn wir die Anzahl der Token-Konten (d. h. die Anzahl der Token-Inhaber) für eine bestimmte Token-Münze ermitteln wollten.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey(&quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice the empty &lt;Buffer &gt; at acccount.data) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer &gt;, executable: false, lamports: 2039280, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:#?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s) Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf: [ ( tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 319, }, ), ( CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ( Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb, Account { lamports: 2039280, data.len: 0, owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA, executable: false, rent_epoch: 318, }, ), ] */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for &quot;base58&quot;, &quot;base64&quot; or &quot;base64+zstd&quot;</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; { &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;: 1, &quot;method&quot;: &quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;: [ &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;, { &quot;encoding&quot;: &quot;base64&quot;, &quot;dataSlice&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;length&quot;: 0 }, &quot;filters&quot;: [ { &quot;dataSize&quot;: 165 }, { &quot;memcmp&quot;: { &quot;offset&quot;: 0, &quot;bytes&quot;: &quot;BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf&quot; } } ] } ] } &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output:</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;jsonrpc&quot;: &quot;2.0&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;result&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 314</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;account&quot;: {</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;data&quot;: [</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;base64&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;executable&quot;: false,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;lamports&quot;: 2039280,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;owner&quot;: &quot;TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA&quot;,</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 313</span> <span class="token comment"># },</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;pubkey&quot;: &quot;Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb&quot;</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> <span class="token comment"># ],</span> <span class="token comment"># &quot;id&quot;: 1</span> <span class="token comment"># }</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Durch die Kombination aller drei Parameter (<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code> und <code>memcmp</code>) können wir den Umfang unserer Abfrage begrenzen und effizient nur die Daten zurückgeben, an denen wir interessiert sind.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/core-concepts/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Accounts"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Accounts"><meta name="description" content="Accounts sind ein wesentlicher Baustein für die Entwicklung auf Solana. Erfahren Sie mehr über Accounts und weitere Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Accounts sind ein wesentlicher Baustein für die Entwicklung auf Solana. Erfahren Sie mehr über Accounts und weitere Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Accounts | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.05949c32.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.369da584.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#accounts-model" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts Model"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts Model <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#miete" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Miete"><!--[--><!--]--> Miete <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#andere-ressourcen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Andere Ressourcen"><!--[--><!--]--> Andere Ressourcen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html#credit" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Credit"><!--[--><!--]--> Credit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><p>Accounts innerhalb von Solana werden zum Speichern des Zustands verwendet. Sie sind ein wesentlicher Baustein für die Entwicklung auf Solana.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Accounts werden genutzt um Daten zu speichern</li><li>Jedes Konto hat eine eindeutige (einmalig vorhandene) Adresse</li><li>Accounts haben eine maximale Größe von 10MB (10 Mega Bytes)</li><li>PDA Accounts haben eine maximale Größe von 10KB (10 Kilo Bytes)</li><li>PDA Accounts können verwendet werden, um im Namen eines Programms zu signieren</li><li>Accountgrößen sind bei erstellung festgelegt, können aber mit <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#how-to-change-account-size" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">realloc<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> angepasst werden</li><li>Für Accountsdatenspeicher wird &quot;Miete&quot; gezahlt (in SOL)</li><li>Der Standard-Accounts-Besitzer ist das Systemprogramm</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><h3 id="accounts-model" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts-model" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts Model</h3><p>Auf Solana gibt es 3 Arten von Accounts:</p><ul><li>Daten Accounts speichern Daten</li><li>Program Accounts speichern ausführbare Programme</li><li>Native Accounts die native Programme auf Solana angeben (wie z.B. System, Stake, und Vote )</li></ul><p>Es gibt 2 Arten von Daten Accounts:</p><ul><li>Systemeigene Accounts</li><li>PDA-Accounts (Program Derived Address).</li></ul><p>Jedes Konto hat eine Adresse (normalerweise einen öffentlichen Schlüssel) und einen Besitzer (Adresse eines Programmkontos). Die vollständige Feldliste speichert ein Konto ist unten zu finden.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Feld</th><th>Beschreibung</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>Die Anzahl der Lamports im Besitz dieses Kontos</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>Der Programmbesitzer dieses Kontos</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>Ob dieses Konto Anweisungen verarbeiten kann</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>Das Rohdaten-Byte-Array, das von diesem Konto gespeichert wird</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>Die nächste Epoche, in der dieses Konto Miete schuldet</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Es gibt ein paar wichtige Eigentumsregeln:</p><ul><li>Nur der Besitzer eines Datenkontos kann seine Daten ändern und Lamports belasten</li><li>Jeder darf Lamports auf ein Datenkonto gutschreiben</li><li>Der Inhaber eines Kontos kann einen neuen Inhaber zuweisen, wenn die Daten des Kontos auf Null gesetzt werden</li></ul><p>ProgrammAccounts speichern keinen Status.</p><p>Wenn Du beispielsweise ein Zählerprogramm hast, mit dem Du einen Zähler erhöhen kannst, musst Du zwei Accounts erstellen - ein Konto zum Speichern des Programmcodes und eines zum Speichern der Zähler.</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.5b70d95a.jpeg" alt=""></p><p>Um zu verhindern, dass ein Konto gelöscht wird, müssen Sie Miete zahlen.</p><h3 id="miete" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#miete" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Miete</h3><p>Daten auf Accounts zu speichern kostet SOL - diese Zahlung wird Miete genannt. Wenn du eine Mindesteinzahlung von 2 Jahren Miete tätigst, wird dein Account von zukünftiger Miete befreit. Du kannst vorausgezahlte Miete durch schließen von Accounts zurück in deine Wallet bekommen.</p><p>Die Miete wird zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten gezahlt:</p><ol><li>Wenn es von einer Transaktion referenziert wird</li><li>Einmal pro Epoche</li></ol><p>Ein Teil der über Accounts eingezogenen Miete wird vernichtet, während der Rest verteilt wird Accounts am Ende jedes Slots zu bestimmen.</p><p>Reicht das Konto nicht aus, um die Miete zu zahlen, wird das Konto aufgelöst und die Daten ENTFERNT.</p><p>Wichtig ist auch zu beachten, dass NeuAccounts mietfrei sein müssen.</p><h2 id="andere-ressourcen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#andere-ressourcen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Andere Ressourcen</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/de/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Accounts Model<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip/status/1452402100470644739" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pencilflip account thread<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h3 id="credit" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#credit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Credit</h3><p>Dieses Kernkonzept wird Pencilflip zugeschrieben. <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=pencilflip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Folgt ihm auf Twitter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/core-concepts/pdas.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana KOchbuch | PDAs"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana KOchbuch | PDAs"><meta name="description" content="PDAs beherbergen Accounts, die von einem bestimmten Programm gesteuert werden sollen. Erfahren Sie mehr über PDAs und weitere Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="PDAs beherbergen Accounts, die von einem bestimmten Programm gesteuert werden sollen. Erfahren Sie mehr über PDAs und weitere Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.77efba8f.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/pdas.html.6fd7b3e7.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html#generating-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generating PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Generating PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html#interaktion-mit-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html#andere-quellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Andere Quellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Andere Quellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programm-eigene-adressen-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programm-eigene-adressen-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programm-eigene-Adressen (PDAs)</h1><p>Program-eigene-Adressen (PDAs) sind das zu Hause von Accounts die dazu designed sind, um von einem bestimmten Programm kontrolliert bzw. gesteuert zu werden. Mit PDAs können Programme programmgesteuert für bestimmte Adressen signieren, ohne einen privaten Schlüssel zu benötigen. PDAs dienen als Grundlage für <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, wodurch Solana-Apps miteinander kombinierbar sind.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>PDAs sind 32-Byte-Strings, die wie öffentliche Schlüssel aussehen, aber keine entsprechenden privaten Schlüssel haben</li><li><code>findProgramAddress</code> wird einen PDA deterministisch aus einer programId und Seeds (Sammlung von Bytes) ableiten</li><li>Ein Bump (ein Byte) wird verwendet, um einen potenziellen PDA von der elliptischen Kurve ed25519 zu schieben</li><li>Programme können für ihre PDAs signieren, indem sie die Seeds und Bump bereitstellen <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>Ein PDA kann nur von dem Programm signiert werden, von dem es abgeleitet wurde</li><li>PDAs ermöglichen es Programmen nicht nur, verschiedene Anweisungen zu signieren, sondern bieten auch eine Hashmap-ähnliche Schnittstelle um <a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="">Accounts zu indexieren</a></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>PDAs sind ein wesentlicher Baustein für die Entwicklung von Programmen auf Solana. Mit PDAs können Programme für Accounts signieren und gleichzeitig sicherstellen, dass kein externer Benutzer auch eine gültige Signatur für dasselbe Konto erstellen kann. Zusätzlich zum Signieren von Accounts können bestimmte Programme auch Accounts ändern, die auf ihren PDAs geführt werden.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.c3a79f80.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">Bildausschnit von <a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="generating-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generating-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generating PDAs</h3><p>Um das Konzept hinter PDAs zu verstehen, kann es hilfreich sein zu bedenken, dass PDAs nicht technisch erstellt, sondern eher gefunden werden. PDAs werden aus einer Kombination von Seeds (z. B. der Zeichenfolge „vote_account““) und einer Programm-ID generiert. Diese Kombination aus Seeds und Programm-ID wird dann durch eine sha256-Hash-Funktion geleitet, um zu sehen, ob sie einen öffentlichen Schlüssel generieren, der auf der elliptischen Kurve ed25519 liegt.</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.7c0b9307.png" alt="PDA on the ellipitic curve"></p><h3 id="interaktion-mit-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#interaktion-mit-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Interaktion mit PDAs</h3><p>Wenn ein PDA generiert wird, gibt <code>findProgramAddress</code> sowohl die Adresse als auch den Bump zurück, der verwendet wird, um die Adresse aus der elliptischen Kurve zu entfernen. Mit diesem Bump bewaffnet, kann ein Programm dann für jede Anweisung, die seinen PDA erfordert, <a href="/de/references/accounts.html#sign-with-a-pda" class="">signieren</a>. Um zu signieren, sollten Programme die Anweisung, die Liste der Accounts und die Seeds und Bump, die verwendet werden, um den PDA abzuleiten, an „invoke_signed“ übergeben. Zusätzlich zum Signieren von Anweisungen müssen PDAs auch für ihre eigene Erstellung über &quot;invoke_signed&quot; signieren.</p><p>Beim Bauen mit PDAs ist es üblich, <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">den Bump Seed in den Kontodaten selbst zu speichern<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Auf diese Weise können Entwickler einen PDA einfach validieren, ohne den Bump als Anweisungsargument übergeben zu müssen.having to pass in the bump as an instruction argument.</p><h2 id="andere-quellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#andere-quellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Andere Quellen</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Offizielle Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programmeigene Accounts verstehen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/core-concepts/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programme"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Programme"><meta name="description" content="Programme (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programme and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:description" content="Programme (also known as smart contracts) serve as the foundation for on-chain activity. Learn about Programme and more Core Concepts at The Solana cookbook."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Programme | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.340e959e.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.a673792c.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#facts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#native-programme-die-solana-programm-bibliothek-spl-solana-program-library" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Native Programme &amp; Die Solana Programm Bibliothek (SPL - Solana Program Library)"><!--[--><!--]--> Native Programme &amp; Die Solana Programm Bibliothek (SPL - Solana Program Library) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#writing-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#bereitstellen-von-programmen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bereitstellen von Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Bereitstellen von Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html#weitere-quellen" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Weitere Quellen"><!--[--><!--]--> Weitere Quellen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programme</h1><p>Jeder Entwickler kann Programme für die Solana-Blockchain schreiben und bereitstellen. Das Programm (in anderen Protokollen als Smart Contracts bekannt) dient als Grundlage für On-Chain-Aktivitäten und treibt alles an, von DeFi und NFTs bis hin zu Social Media und Gaming.</p><h2 id="facts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Programme verarbeiten <a href="./transactions">Aneweisungen</a> sowohl von Endbenutzern als auch von anderen Programmen</li><li>Alle Programme sind <em>zustandslos</em> (<em>stateless</em>): Alle Daten, mit denen sie interagieren, werden in separaten <a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">Konten</a> gespeichert, die über Anweisungen gegeben werden.</li><li>Programme selbst werden in Konten gespeichert, die als &quot;ausführbar&quot; gekennzeichnet sind</li><li>Alle Programme gehören dem <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und werden von der <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ausgeführt</li><li>Entwickler schreiben am häufigsten Programme in Rust oder C++, können aber jede Sprache wählen, die auf das <a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>&#39;s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> Backend abziehlt</li><li>Alle Programme haben einen einzigen Einstiegspunkt, an dem die Befehlsverarbeitung stattfindet (i.e. <code>process_instruction</code>); Parameter beinhalten immer: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Blockchains trennt Solana Code vollständig von Daten. Alle Daten, mit denen Programme interagieren, werden in separaten Konten gespeichert und als Referenzen über Anweisungen weitergegeben. Dieses Modell ermöglicht es, dass ein einziges generisches Programm über verschiedene Konten läuft, ohne dass zusätzliche Bereitstellungen (Deployments) erforderlich sind. Übliche Beispiele für dieses Muster finden sich in den Native- und SPL-Programmen.</p><h3 id="native-programme-die-solana-programm-bibliothek-spl-solana-program-library" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-programme-die-solana-programm-bibliothek-spl-solana-program-library" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native Programme &amp; Die Solana Programm Bibliothek (SPL - Solana Program Library)</h3><p>Solana ist mit einer Reihe von Programmen ausgestattet, die als Kernbausteine ​​für On-Chain-Interaktionen dienen. Diese Programme sind unterteilt in <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Native Programme<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und <a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Programm (SPL) Bibliotheken<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Native Programme stellen die Basisfunktionalität bereit, die für den Betrieb von Validatoren erforderlich ist. Unter diesen Programmen ist das bekannteste das <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Programm<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, welches für die Verwaltung neuer Konten und die Übertragung von SOL zwischen zwei Parteien verantwortlich ist.</p><p>SPL-Programme unterstützen eine Reihe von On-Chain-Aktivitäten, darunter das Erstellen, Tauschen und Verleihen von Token sowie die Generierung von Stake-Pools und die Aufrechterhaltung eines On-Chain-Namensdienstes. Das <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> an direkt über die CLI aufgerufen werden, während andere wie das <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">verbundene Token-Kontoprogramm<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> werden normalerweise mit benutzerdefinierten Programmen zusammengestellt.</p><h3 id="writing-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs</h3><p>Programme werden am häufigsten mit Rust oder C++ entwickelt, können aber mit jeder Sprache entwickelt werden, die auf das BPF-Backend des LLVM abzielt. Jüngste Initiativen von <a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> und <a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ermöglichen jedoch <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> Kompatibilität und ermöglichen es Entwicklern, Programme in Solidity zu schreiben.</p><p>Die meisten Rust-basierten Programme halten sich an die folgende Architektur:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Datei</th><th>Beschreibung</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>Module registrieren</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>Einstieg ins Programm</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>Programm-API, (De-)Serialisierung von Befehlsdaten</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>Programmlogik</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>Programmobjekte, (De-)Serialisierungszustand</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>Programmspezifische Fehler</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Kürzlich hat sich <a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> zu einem beliebten Framework für die Entwicklung von Programmen entwickelt. Anchor ist ein rechthaberisches Framework, ähnlich wie Ruby on Rails, das Boilerplates reduziert und den (De-)Serialisierungsprozess für die Rust-basierte Entwicklung rationalisiert.</p><p>Programme werden normalerweise entwickelt und in Localhost- und Devnet-Umgebungen getestet, bevor sie auf Testnet oder Mainnet bereitgestellt werden. Solana unterstützt die folgenden Umgebungen:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Cluster-Umgebung</th><th>RPC Verbindungs URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>Default port: 8899 (e.g. http://localhost:8899, http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Nach der Bereitstellung in einer Umgebung können Clients mit On-Chain-Programmen über <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC Verbindungen<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> mit dem jeweiligen Cluster interagieren.</p><h3 id="bereitstellen-von-programmen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bereitstellen-von-programmen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bereitstellen von Programmen</h3><p>Entwickler können ihre Programme über die <a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLI<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> bereitstellen:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Wenn ein Programm bereitgestellt wird, wird es zu einem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF shared object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kompiliert und in den Solana-Cluster hochgeladen. Programme befinden sich in Konten (ähnlich wie alles andere auf Solana), außer dass diese Konten als „ausführbar“ markiert und dem BPF Loader zugewiesen sind. Die Adresse dieses Kontos wird als „program_id“ bezeichnet und wird verwendet, um bei allen zukünftigen Transaktionen auf das Programm zu verweisen.</p><p>Solana unterstützt mehrere BPF Loader, wobei der neueste der <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/address/BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">aktualisierbare BPF Lader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Der BPF Loader ist dafür verantwortlich, das Konto des Programms zu verwalten und es den Clients über die „program_id“ zur Verfügung zu stellen. Alle Programme haben einen einzigen Einstiegspunkt, an dem die Befehlsverarbeitung stattfindet (d. h. „process_instruction“), und die Parameter beinhalten immer:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul><p>Einmal aufgerufen, werden Programme von der Solana-Laufzeit ausgeführt.</p><h2 id="weitere-quellen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#weitere-quellen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Weitere Quellen</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Offizielle Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programm-Bereitstellung von Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://book.solmeet.dev/notes/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit von Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programmierung auf Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Eine Einführung in die Solana Blockchain von Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/de/core-concepts/transactions.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-DE"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Solana Kochbuch | Transaktionen"><meta name="og:title" content="Solana Cookbook | Transaktionen"><meta name="description" content="Transaktionen sind Bündel mehrerer operativer Einheiten auf Solana. Erfahren Sie mehr über Transaktions- und Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:description" content="Transaktionen sind Bündel mehrerer operativer Einheiten auf Solana. Erfahren Sie mehr über Transaktions- und Kernkonzepte im Solana-Kochbuch."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transaktionen | Solana Cookbook</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.50802ba1.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/transactions.html.46bc8b92.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/de/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Solana Cookbook</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontributor"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontributor <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Für Beginner <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kochen mit Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Kochen mit Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Fundamentale Konzepte <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html#fakten" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Fakten"><!--[--><!--]--> Fakten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html#deep-dive" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html#gebuhren" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Gebühren"><!--[--><!--]--> Gebühren <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/de/core-concepts/transactions.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Guides <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programmkonten Abfragen"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmkonten Abfragen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisieren von Daten"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisieren von Daten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrieren von Programmdatenkonten <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Kontozuordnungen"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontozuordnungen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debuggen von Solana-Programmen"><!--[--><!--]--> Debuggen von Solana-Programmen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Funktionsparitätstest"><!--[--><!--]--> Funktionsparitätstest <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referenzen <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/de/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaktionen versenden"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaktionen versenden <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programme schreiben"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme schreiben <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaktion mit Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaktion mit Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Senden von Offline-Transaktionen"><!--[--><!--]--> Senden von Offline-Transaktionen <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/de/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transaktionen" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transaktionen" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transaktionen</h1><p>Clients können <a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">Programme</a> durch Senden einer Transaktion an einen Cluster aufrufen. Eine einzelne Transaktion kann mehrere Answeisungen beinhalten - jedes zielt auf sein eigenes Programm ab. Wenn eine Transaktion übermittelt wird, verarbeitet der Solana <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> seine Anweisungen der Reihe nach und atomar. Wenn ein Teil einer Anweisung fehlschlägt, schlägt die gesamte Transaktion fehl.</p><h2 id="fakten" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fakten" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fakten</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Anweisungen sind die grundlegendste operative Einheit auf Solana</li><li>Jede Anweisung enthält:</li><li>Die <code>program_id</code> des beabsichtigten Programms <ul><li>Ein Array aller <code>Accounts</code>, von denen gelesen oder in die geschrieben werden soll</li><li>Ein &quot;instruction_data&quot;-Byte-Array, das für das vorgesehene Programm spezifisch ist</li></ul></li><li>Mehrere Anweisungen können zu einer einzigen Transaktion gebündelt werden</li><li>Jede Transaktion enthält: <ul><li>Ein Array aller <code>Accounts</code>, von denen gelesen oder in die geschrieben werden soll</li><li>Eine oder mehrere <code>Anweisungen</code></li><li>Ein neuer <code>Blockhash</code></li><li>Eine oder mehrere „Signaturen“.</li></ul></li><li>Anweisungen werden der Reihe nach und atomar verarbeitet</li><li>Wenn ein Teil einer Anweisung fehlschlägt, schlägt die gesamte Transaktion fehl.</li><li>Transaktionen sind auf 1232 Bytes begrenzt</li></ul></div><h2 id="deep-dive" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive</h2><p>Die Solana-Laufzeit erfordert sowohl Anweisungen als auch Transaktionen, um eine Liste aller Accounts anzugeben, von denen sie lesen oder in die sie schreiben möchten. Indem diese Accounts im Voraus angefordert werden, ist die Laufzeit in der Lage, die Ausführung über alle Transaktionen hinweg zu parallelisieren.</p><p>Wenn eine Transaktion an einen Cluster übermittelt wird, verarbeitet die Laufzeitumgebung ihre Anweisungen der Reihe nach und atomar. Für jede Anweisung interpretiert das empfangende Programm sein Datenarray und verarbeitet seine angegebenen Accounts. Das Programm kehrt entweder erfolgreich oder mit einem Fehlercode zurück. Wenn ein Fehler zurückgegeben wird, schlägt die gesamte Transaktion sofort fehl.</p><p>Jede Transaktion, die darauf abzielt, ein Konto zu belasten oder seine Daten zu ändern, erfordert die Unterschrift seines Kontoinhabers. Jedes Konto, das geändert wird, wird als „beschreibbar“ markiert. Ein Konto kann ohne Zustimmung des Inhabers gutgeschrieben werden, solange der Zahler der Transaktionsgebühr die erforderlichen Mieten und Transaktionsgebühren trägt.</p><p>Vor der Übermittlung, müssen alle Transaktionen auf einen <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">aktuellen blockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> verweisen. Der Blockhash wird verwendet, um Duplizierungen zu verhindern und veraltete Transaktionen zu beseitigen. Das maximale Alter des Blockhashs einer Transaktion beträgt 150 Blöcke oder etwa 1 Minute 19 Sekunden zum Zeitpunkt des Schreibens dieses Artikels.</p><h3 id="gebuhren" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#gebuhren" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Gebühren</h3><p>Das Solana-Netzwerk erhebt zwei Arten von Gebühren:</p><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaktionsgebühren<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> zur Verbreitung der Transaktion (auch bekannt als „Gasgebühren“)</li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mietgebühren<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> zum Speichern von Daten in der Kette</li></ul><p>In Solana sind Transaktionsgebühren deterministisch: Es gibt kein Konzept für einen Gebührenmarkt, auf dem Benutzer höhere Gebühren zahlen können, um ihre Chancen zu erhöhen, in den nächsten Block aufgenommen zu werden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung dieses Artikels werden die Transaktionsgebühren nur durch die Anzahl der erforderlichen Unterschriften (d. h. „lamports_per_signature“) bestimmt, nicht durch die Menge der verwendeten Ressourcen. Dies liegt daran, dass derzeit für alle Transaktionen eine feste Obergrenze von 1232 Bytes gilt.</p><p>Alle Transaktionen erfordern mindestens ein „beschreibbares“ Konto, um die Transaktion zu signieren. Nach der Übermittlung ist das zuerst serialisierte Konto des beschreibbaren Unterzeichners der Gebührenzahler. Dieses Konto zahlt für die Kosten der Transaktion, unabhängig davon, ob die Transaktion erfolgreich ist oder fehlschlägt. Wenn der Gebührenzahler nicht über ein ausreichendes Guthaben verfügt, um die Transaktionsgebühr zu bezahlen, wird die Transaktion abgebrochen.</p><p>Zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung dieses Artikels werden 50 % aller Transaktionsgebühren von dem Validator eingezogen, der den Block produziert, während die restlichen 50 % verbrannt werden. Diese Struktur dient dazu, die Prüfer dazu anzuregen, so viele Transaktionen wie möglich während ihrer Slots im Leader-Zeitplan zu verarbeiten.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/Transaktionen" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Offizielle Dokumentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaktionsstruktur<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/transactions-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaktionsgebühren von Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Eine Einfühhrung in Solana von Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaktionsverarbeitung von Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana-Transaktion im Detail von Alex Miller<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">nyk</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/de/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programme"><!--[--><!--]--> Programme <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/de/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="" aria-label="Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programmabgeleitete Adressen (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="id-ID"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Pusat Referensi Pengembangan Dengan Solana"><meta name="og:title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Pusat Referensi Pengembangan Dengan Solana"><meta name="description" content="Buku Panduan Solana adalah koleksi dari berbagai contoh dan referensi dalam mengembangkan aplikasi di Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="Buku Panduan Solana adalah koleksi dari berbagai contoh dan referensi dalam mengembangkan aplikasi di Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Buku Panduan Solana | Buku Panduan Solana</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.ca0d0ddc.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html.25f20e37.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a aria-current="page" href="/id/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active"><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Buku Panduan Solana</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Memulai <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Buku Panduan Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Buku Panduan Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/#cara-untuk-berkontribusi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Cara untuk berkontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Cara untuk berkontribusi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/#cara-untuk-membaca-buku-panduan" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Cara untuk membaca Buku Panduan"><!--[--><!--]--> Cara untuk membaca Buku Panduan <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Konsep Utama <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Panduan <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Akun Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Akun Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisasi Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisasi Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrasi Akun Data Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrasi Akun Data Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Peta Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Peta Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debug Program Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Debug Program Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pengujian Paritas Fitur"><!--[--><!--]--> Pengujian Paritas Fitur <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referensi <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs &amp; Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs &amp; Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi Offline"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi Offline <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="menggunakan-buku-panduan-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#menggunakan-buku-panduan-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Menggunakan buku panduan Solana</h1><p>Buku panduan Solana adalah sumber daya pengembang yang memberikan konsep penting dan referensi untuk membangun aplikasi di Solana. Setiap konsep dan referensi akan fokus kepada aspek spesifik pada bidang pengembangan Solana sekaligus memberikan detail-detail dan contoh cara penggunaannya.</p><h2 id="cara-untuk-berkontribusi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cara-untuk-berkontribusi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Cara untuk berkontribusi</h2><p>Buku panduan Solana dirancang dengan cara yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan pengembang solana yang baru untuk berkontribusi. Bahkan jika anda ingin tahu cara untuk melakukan sesuatu, berkontribusi pada buku panduan Solana adalah cara yang baik untuk belajar.</p><p>Cek link berikut untuk lihat semua issue yang masih aktif<a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Pedoman untuk berkontribusi <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook#contributing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Jika kamu menemukan saran yang tidak ada di buku panduan, tolong untuk menambahkan laporan isu terkait.</p><h2 id="cara-untuk-membaca-buku-panduan" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cara-untuk-membaca-buku-panduan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Cara untuk membaca Buku Panduan</h2><p>Buku Panduan Solana dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian yang berbeda, masing-masing ditujukan untuk tujuan yang berbeda.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Section</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Konsep Utama</td><td>Membangun blocks Solana yang bagus untuk diketahui untuk pengembangan</td></tr><tr><td>Panduan</td><td>Panduan detail tentang beragam tools yang berbeda untuk pengembangan</td></tr><tr><td>Referensi</td><td>Referensi untuk cuplikan kode yang umum dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id/references/staking.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="id-ID"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Staking"><meta name="og:title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Staking"><meta name="description" content="stake SOL dan raih reward dengan membantu mengamankan jaringan."><meta name="og:description" content="stake SOL dan raih reward dengan membantu mengamankan jaringan. Belajar tentang cara membuat Akun Stake, Delegate State dan Withdraw Stake di Buku Panduan Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="“@solanacookbook”"><meta name="twitter:image" content="“https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png”"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Staking | Buku Panduan Solana</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.e8c26eca.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/staking.html.04e151a8.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/id/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Buku Panduan Solana</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Memulai <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Buku Panduan Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Buku Panduan Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Konsep Utama <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Panduan <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Akun Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Akun Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisasi Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisasi Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrasi Akun Data Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrasi Akun Data Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Peta Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Peta Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debug Program Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Debug Program Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pengujian Paritas Fitur"><!--[--><!--]--> Pengujian Paritas Fitur <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referensi <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs &amp; Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs &amp; Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#mendapatkan-validators" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Validators"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Validators <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#membuat-stake-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Membuat Stake Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Membuat Stake Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#mendelegasi-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendelegasi Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendelegasi Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#mendapatkan-delegator-dengan-validator" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Delegator dengan Validator"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Delegator dengan Validator <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#deactivate-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deactivate Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> Deactivate Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/staking.html#withdraw-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Withdraw Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> Withdraw Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi Offline"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi Offline <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="staking" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#staking" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Staking</h1><h2 id="mendapatkan-validators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mendapatkan-validators" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mendapatkan Validators</h2><p>Kita bisa stake SOL dan mendapatkan rewards dari membantu menjaga keamanan network. Untuk melakukan staking, kita mendelegasi SOL kepada para validator yang selanjutnya memproses transaksi.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;all validators: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana validators </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="membuat-stake-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#membuat-stake-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Membuat Stake Account</h2><p>Semua instruksi staking ditangani oleh <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Untuk memulai, kita membuat sebuah <a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Account<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> yang dibuat dan dikelola secara berbeda daripada <a href="/id/references/accounts.html#create-a-system-account" class="">system account</a>. Khususnya, kita harus menyetel <code>Stake Authority</code> dan <code>Withdrawal Authority</code>.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><h2 id="mendelegasi-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mendelegasi-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mendelegasi Stake</h2><p>Ketika sebuah stake account sudah didanai, <code>Stake Authority</code> dapat mendelegasinya kepada validator. Setiap stake account hanya bisa didelegasikan kepada 1 validator di suatu waktu. Selain itu, semua token di dalam account harus antara didelegasikan atau tidak didelegasikan. Ketika sudah didelegasi, dibutuhkan beberapa epoch untuk stake account menjadi aktif.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><h2 id="mendapatkan-delegator-dengan-validator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mendapatkan-delegator-dengan-validator" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mendapatkan Delegator dengan Validator</h2><p>Beberapa account mungkin telah stake ke validator account tertentu. Untuk mengambil para staker, kita akan menggunakan <code>getProgramAccounts</code> atau <code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API. Untuk informasi lebih, cek <a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">guides section</a>. Stake account berukuran 200 bytes dan Voter Public Key dimulai dari 124 bytes. <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;mainnet-beta&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span> bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111: Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184 Sample delegator: { &quot;account&quot;: { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;parsed&quot;: { &quot;info&quot;: { &quot;meta&quot;: { &quot;authorized&quot;: { &quot;staker&quot;: &quot;3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV&quot;, &quot;withdrawer&quot;: &quot;EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx&quot; }, &quot;lockup&quot;: { &quot;custodian&quot;: &quot;3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg&quot;, &quot;epoch&quot;: 0, &quot;unixTimestamp&quot;: 1822867200 }, &quot;rentExemptReserve&quot;: &quot;2282880&quot; }, &quot;stake&quot;: { &quot;creditsObserved&quot;: 58685367, &quot;delegation&quot;: { &quot;activationEpoch&quot;: &quot;208&quot;, &quot;deactivationEpoch&quot;: &quot;18446744073709551615&quot;, &quot;stake&quot;: &quot;433005300621&quot;, &quot;voter&quot;: &quot;27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x&quot;, &quot;warmupCooldownRate&quot;: 0.25 } } }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;delegated&quot; }, &quot;program&quot;: &quot;stake&quot;, &quot;space&quot;: 200 }, &quot;executable&quot;: false, &quot;lamports&quot;: 433012149261, &quot;owner&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000&quot; }, &quot;rentEpoch&quot;: 264 }, &quot;pubkey&quot;: { &quot;_bn&quot;: &quot;0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43&quot; } } */</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><h2 id="deactivate-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deactivate-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deactivate Stake</h2><p>Kapan pun setelah suatu stake account didelegasi, <code>Stake Authority</code> bisa memilih untuk deactivate account. Deactivation bisa memakan waktu yang cukup lama, dan dibutuhkan sebelum SOL bisa di-withdraw.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br></div></div><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h2 id="withdraw-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#withdraw-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Withdraw Stake</h2><p>Ketika account sudah di-deactivate, <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> bisa withdraw SOL kembali ke system account. Saat sebuah stake account sudah tidak didelegasi dan memiliki saldo 0 SOL, account tersebut akan dihancurkan.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we&#39;ll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span> <span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We&#39;ll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we&#39;re creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br></div></div><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="id-ID"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Keypairs & Wallets"><meta name="og:title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Keypairs & Wallets"><meta name="description" content="Belajar tentang Keypairs and Wallets, Signing dan Verifikasi Messages dan referensi lainnya di Buku Panduan Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="Belajar tentang Keypairs and Wallets, Signing dan Verifikasi Messages dan referensi lainnya di Buku Panduan Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Keypairs & Wallets | Buku Panduan Solana</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.caac507d.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/keypairs-and-wallets.html.68a4f8a1.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/id/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Buku Panduan Solana</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Memulai <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Buku Panduan Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Buku Panduan Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Konsep Utama <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Panduan <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Akun Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Akun Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisasi Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisasi Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrasi Akun Data Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrasi Akun Data Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Peta Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Peta Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debug Program Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Debug Program Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pengujian Paritas Fitur"><!--[--><!--]--> Pengujian Paritas Fitur <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referensi <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Keypairs &amp; Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs &amp; Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-keypair-baru" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah Keypair baru"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah Keypair baru <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-me-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-secret" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara me-restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah secret"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara me-restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah secret <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-menverifikasi-sebuah-keypair" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara menverifikasi sebuah Keypair"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara menverifikasi sebuah Keypair <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-untuk-check-jika-sebuah-public-key-telah-terhubung-dengan-sebuah-private-key" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara untuk check jika sebuah public key telah terhubung dengan sebuah private key"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara untuk check jika sebuah public key telah terhubung dengan sebuah private key <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-mnemonic-phrase" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat mnemonic phrase"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat mnemonic phrase <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-mnemonic-phrase" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah mnemonic phrase"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah mnemonic phrase <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-vanity-address" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah vanity address"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah vanity address <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-dan-menverifikasi-messages-dalam-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara untuk sign dan menverifikasi messages dalam wallet"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara untuk sign dan menverifikasi messages dalam wallet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#bagaimana-cara-mengkoneksi-ke-sebuah-wallet" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara mengkoneksi ke sebuah wallet"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara mengkoneksi ke sebuah wallet <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#react" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="React"><!--[--><!--]--> React <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#vue" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Vue"><!--[--><!--]--> Vue <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#svelte" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Svelte"><!--[--><!--]--> Svelte <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi Offline"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi Offline <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="keypairs-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#keypairs-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Keypairs &amp; Wallets</h1><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-keypair-baru" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-keypair-baru" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah Keypair baru</h2><p>Banyak action-action yang dapat anda ambil dari beragam Solana libaries memerlukan sebuah Keypair atau Wallet. Jika anda terhubung dengan sebuah wallet, anda tidak perlu khawatir. Namun, jika anda memerlukan sebuah keypair, and perlu meng-generatenya.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ generate_keypair.cpp -o generate_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ solana-keygen new <span class="token comment"># pubkey: 9ZNTfG4NyQgxy2SWjSiQoUyBPEvXT2xo7fKc5hPYYJ7b</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-me-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-secret" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-me-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-secret" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara me-restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah secret</h2><p>Jika anda sudah mempunyai sebuah secret, anda dapat mendapatkan Keypair dari sebuah secret untuk mentest dApp anda.</p><ol><li>Dari Bytes</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ keypair_from_seed.cpp -o keypair_from_seed -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>Dari Base58 String</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created keypair: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-menverifikasi-sebuah-keypair" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-menverifikasi-sebuah-keypair" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara menverifikasi sebuah Keypair</h2><p>Jika anda diberikan sebuah keypair, anda dapat menverifikasi apakah secret sesuai dengan public key yang diberikan.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// true</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># True</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ verify_keypair.cpp -o verify_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> prompt:// </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-untuk-check-jika-sebuah-public-key-telah-terhubung-dengan-sebuah-private-key" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-untuk-check-jika-sebuah-public-key-telah-terhubung-dengan-sebuah-private-key" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara untuk check jika sebuah public key telah terhubung dengan sebuah private key</h2><p>Dalam beberapa kasus khusus (contohnya sebuah Program Derived Address), public key mungkin tidak mempunyai sebuah private key yang terhubung. Anda dapat check hal ini dengan melihat apakah public key terdapat dalam kurva ed25519. Hanya public key yang terdapat dalam kurva yang bisa dikontrol oleh user dengan menggunakan wallet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair.generate() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> offCurveAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>offCurveAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> errorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey <span class="token comment"># Note that Keypair() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment"># Is not a valid public key</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;solana_sdk.h&gt;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair::new() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;testPubkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-mnemonic-phrase" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-mnemonic-phrase" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat mnemonic phrase</h2><p>Jika anda akan membuat sebuah wallet, anda perlu untuk membuat sebuah mnemonic phrase sehingga user dapat menyimpannya sebagai sebuah backup.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-mnemonic-phrase" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-restore-sebuah-keypair-dari-sebuah-mnemonic-phrase" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara restore sebuah Keypair dari sebuah mnemonic phrase</h2><p>Banyak ektension-extension wallet menggunakan mnemonics untuk memrepresentasikan secret key-secret key mereka. Anda dapat menkonversikan mnemonic ke Keypairs untuk local testing.</p><ol><li>BIP39 - membuat sebuah single wallet</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5ZWj7a1f8tWkjBESHKgrLmXshuXxqeY9SYcfbshpAqPG</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;english&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>BIP44 (multiple wallets, also known HD wallets)</li></ol><p>You can make multiple wallets from a single seed - also known as &#39;Hierarchical Deterministic wallets&#39; or HD wallets:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> HDKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;micro-ed25519-hdkey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bip39&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> hd <span class="token operator">=</span> HDKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMasterSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">derive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>privateKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44&#39;/501&#39;/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&#39;/0&#39;</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hex&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> =&gt; </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">&#39;prompt:?key=0/0&#39;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-vanity-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-vanity-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah vanity address</h2><p>Vanity publickeys, atau custom address adalah keys yang dimulai dengan character spesifik. Sebagai contoh, jika seseorang ingin publickey dimulai dengan &quot;elv1s&quot;, atau mungkin juga &quot;cook&quot;. Ini dapat membantu orang lain untuk mengingat siapa yang mempunyai key itu, membuat key lebih mudah untuk diidentifikasi.</p><p>Catatan: Semakin banyak character di dalam vanity address anda, semakin lama prosesnya.</p><p>::: peringatan Anda harus menggunakan CLI untuk task ini. Python dan TypeScript hanyalah contoh untuk ilustrasi saja dan lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan CLI.</p><p>:::</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ vanity_keypair.cpp -o vanity_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Created Keypair with Public Key: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;elv1s&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1 </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-dan-menverifikasi-messages-dalam-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-dan-menverifikasi-messages-dalam-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara untuk sign dan menverifikasi messages dalam wallet</h2><p>Fungsi utama dari sebuah keypair adalah untuk sign messages dan mengaktifkan verifikasi dari signature. Verifikasi signature menyakinkan recipient bahwa data telah disign oleh pemilik dengan spesifik private key.</p><p>Untuk melakukan itu, kita perlu import <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> crypto library.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> decodeUTF8 <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;tweetnacl-util&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair secret_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog&quot;</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mengkoneksi-ke-sebuah-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mengkoneksi-ke-sebuah-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara mengkoneksi ke sebuah wallet</h2><p>Solana <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">wallet-adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> libraries mempermudah untuk mengatur koneksi wallet di client-side.</p><h3 id="react" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#react" aria-hidden="true">#</a> React</h3><p>Run command berikut untuk menginstall dependencies yang diperlukan:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>React wallet-adapter libraries mengijinkan kita untuk mempertahankan dan mengakses states koneksi wallet melalui hooks dan Context providers bernama, <code>useWallet</code>, <code>WalletProvider</code>, <code>useConnection</code>, dan <code>ConnectionProvider</code>. React App harus di-wrap dengan <code>WalletProvider</code> dan <code>ConnectionProvider</code>.</p><p>Sebagai tambahan, kita dapat memperingatkan user untuk terhubung dengan menggunakan <code>useWalletModal</code> untuk mengganti visibility dari connection modal dan men-wrap App dengan <code>WalletModalProvider</code> dari <code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code>. Connection modal akan menghandle arus koneksi untuk kita, jadi kita cukup untuk listen kapan sebuah wallet terkoneksi. Kita dapat mengetahui sebuah wallet terkoneksi ketika <code>useWallet</code> response menjadi non-null di property <code>wallet</code>. Sebaliknya, jika property tersebut null, kita tahu bahwa wallet itu tidak terkoneksi.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useMemo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PropsWithChildren <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletModalProvider <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletAdapterNetwork <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-base&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWalletModal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> MouseEventHandler <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;react&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Web3Provider<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>PropsWithChildren<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Can be set to &#39;devnet&#39;, &#39;testnet&#39;, or &#39;mainnet-beta&#39;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> endpoint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WalletAdapterNetwork<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Devnet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets includes all the adapters but supports tree shaking --</span> <span class="token comment">// Only the wallets you configure here will be compiled into your application</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">endpoint</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>endpoint<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">wallets</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/** * Make sure to wrap the App with * ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, and WalletModalProvider. * * If you have a lot of Providers already, you can combine them * into a single wrapper (i.e. Web3Provider) instead. */</span> <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">App</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">AppChild</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">AppChild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Display the connection modal</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt user to connect wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text"> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>Run command dibawah ini untuk menginstall dependencies yang diperlukan:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Wallets Vue<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> plugin mengijinkan kita untuk menginisiasi sebuah wallet store dan membuat sebuah global property <code>$wallet</code> baru yang dapat diakses di dalam beragam compenent. Semua property dan method yang didapat dari <code>useWallet()</code> dapat dilihat di <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">sini<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Kita juga mengimport dan menrender WalletMultiButton component agar user dapat memilih wallet yang terkoneksi dengannya.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Vue</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> initWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">wallets</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">initWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connected<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>connected<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Wallet with public key {{ wallet.publicKey }} successfully connected! <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-else</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana-wallets-vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>Run command berikut ini untuk menginstall dependencies yang dibutuhkan:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> package dapat menambahkan sebuah Svelte Store(<code>$walletStore</code>) yang dapat diakses oleh semua JS, TS dan/atau Svelte files di dalam sebuah project yang telah dikerjakan dengan Svelte Template atau SvelteKit. Menggunakan repo reference <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ini<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> anda dapat mengunakan adapter untuk SSR atau SPA. UI package mempunyai sebuah <code>&lt;WalletMultiButton /&gt;</code> component untuk membantu user untuk memilih wallet yang terkoneksi dengannya.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Svelte</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> WalletMultiButton<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SolflareWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> localStorageKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;walletAdapter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// localhost or mainnet</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SolflareWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{localStorageKey}</span> <span class="token attr-name">{wallets}</span> <span class="token attr-name">autoConnect</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>ConnectionProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{network}</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> {#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey} successfully connected! {:else} <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span> {/if} </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id/references/accounts.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="id-ID"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Referensi Akun"><meta name="og:title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Referensi Akun"><meta name="description" content="Belajar tentang akun di Solana dan cara menggunakannya di program."><meta name="og:description" content="Belajar tentang akun di Solana dan cara menggunakannya di program."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Akun | Buku Panduan Solana</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.cf985a2a.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/accounts.html.0cab14f0.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/id/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Buku Panduan Solana</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Memulai <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Buku Panduan Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Buku Panduan Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Konsep Utama <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Panduan <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Akun Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Akun Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisasi Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisasi Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrasi Akun Data Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrasi Akun Data Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Peta Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Peta Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debug Program Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Debug Program Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pengujian Paritas Fitur"><!--[--><!--]--> Pengujian Paritas Fitur <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referensi <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs &amp; Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs &amp; Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-sistem-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah sistem akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah sistem akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-mengkalkulasi-biaya-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara mengkalkulasi biaya akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara mengkalkulasi biaya akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-akun-dengan-seeds" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat akun dengan seeds"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat akun dengan seeds <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#generate" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generate"><!--[--><!--]--> Generate <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#create" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create"><!--[--><!--]--> Create <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#transfer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transfer"><!--[--><!--]--> Transfer <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#menghasilkan-sebuah-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Menghasilkan sebuah PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Menghasilkan sebuah PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#membuat-sebuah-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Membuat sebuah PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Membuat sebuah PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-sebuah-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara untuk sign sebuah PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara untuk sign sebuah PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#program-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#client-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Client"><!--[--><!--]--> Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-program-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Program Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Program Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-menutup-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana Cara Menutup Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana Cara Menutup Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/accounts.html#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-balance-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Balance Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Balance Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi Offline"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi Offline <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Akun</h1><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-sistem-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-sistem-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah sistem akun</h2><p>Membuat sistem akun (<em>system account</em>) yang dimiliki oleh <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Solana runtime akan memberikan akses ke pemilik akun, akses untuk menulis ke dalam datanya sendiri dana mentransfer lamports. Ketika membuat sebuah account, kita harus mempersiapkan kapasitas penyimpanan tetap dalam bytes (<code>space</code>) dan lamports yang cukup untuk mencover rent. <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> adalah biaya yang ditimbulkan untuk menjaga agar account tetap hidup di Solana.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> fromPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// amount of space to reserve for the account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> newAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating system account&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mengkalkulasi-biaya-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mengkalkulasi-biaya-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara mengkalkulasi biaya akun</h2><p>Menjaga agar akun tetap hidup di Solana membutuhkan biaya penyimpanan yang disebut dengan <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. Sebuah akun dapat dikecualikan sepenuhnya dari pungutan biaya rent apabila mendepositokan sekurang-kurangnya dua tahun biaya rent. Untuk kalkulasi, kita perlu mempertimbangkan jumlah data yang ingin disimpan di dalam akun.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> data_length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;rent exemption amount: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana rent <span class="token number">1500</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-akun-dengan-seeds" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-akun-dengan-seeds" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat akun dengan seeds</h2><p>Anda dapat menggunakan <code>createAccountWithSeed</code> untuk mengatur akun anda dibandingkan dengan membuat sejumlah keypair yang berbeda.</p><h3 id="generate" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generate</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;account pubkey: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="create" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error requesting airdrop&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction: {} Status: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Error creating account with seed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transfer</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;robot001&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span> basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Hanya account yang dimiliki oleh system program dapat mentransfer melalui system program.</p></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat PDAs</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program derived address(PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> mirip dengan alamat normal dengan beberapa perbedaan:</p><ol><li>Tanpa kurva ed25519</li><li>Menggunakan program untuk masuk dibandingkan dengan private key</li></ol><p><strong>Note</strong>: PDA accounts hanya dapat dibuat oleh program. Alamat dapat dibuat di client side.</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Walaupun PDA diturunkan dari program id, itu tidak serta merta membuat PDA dimiliki oleh program yang sama. (Sebagai contoh, anda dapat menginisiasi PDA sebagai sebuah token account yang merupakan sebuah account yang dimiliki oleh token program)</p></div><h3 id="menghasilkan-sebuah-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#menghasilkan-sebuah-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Menghasilkan sebuah PDA</h3><p><code>findProgramAddress</code> akan menambah byte extra di akhir dari seed anda. <code>findProgramAddress</code> akan memulai dari 255 ke 0 dan mengembalikan public key yang pertama kali di luar kurva. Anda akan selalu mendapatkan hasil yang sama jika anda memberikan program id dan seed yang sama.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span> <span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is [&quot;test&quot; + bump]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pda: {}, bump: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="membuat-sebuah-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#membuat-sebuah-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Membuat sebuah PDA</h3><p>Berikut adalah contoh program untuk membuat sebuah PDA account yang dimiliki oleh program dan contoh untuk memanggil program dengan client.</p><h4 id="program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><p>Berikut ini adalah sebuah intruksi tunggal <code>system_instruction::create_account</code> yang membuat akun dengan data teralokasi sebesar <code>space</code>, <code>rent_lamports</code> sebesar jumlah <em>lamports</em> dari <em>derived PDA</em>. Ini di <em>sign</em> dengan PDA menggunakan <code>invoke_signed</code> seperti yang telah di diskusikan sebelumnya diatas.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// find space and minimum rent required for account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> data_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-sebuah-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-untuk-sign-sebuah-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara untuk sign sebuah PDA</h2><p>PDA hanya dapat di &quot;<em>sign</em>&quot; dalam lingkup program. Berikut adalah sebuah contoh program untuk &quot;sign&quot; dengan sebuah PDA dan memanggil program dari client.</p><h3 id="program-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h3><p>Instruksi tunggal berikut melakukan transfer SOL dari PDA yang di derive dari seed <code>escrow</code> ke akun. <code>invoke_signed</code> digunakan untuk sign dengan PDA.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// pass bump seed for saving compute budget</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> bump_seed <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="client-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bs58&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// program id</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup pda</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;escrow&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> pdaAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pdaAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random `to`</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">receiver: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span> <span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-program-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-program-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Program Akun</h2><p>Mendapatkan semua akun yang dimiliki oleh sebuah program. Refer ke <a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">guides section</a> untuk informasi lebih lanjut seputar <code>getProgramAccounts</code> dan konfigurasinya.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* // Output Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U: [ { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 228 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a&gt; } }, { account: { data: &lt;Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd&gt;, executable: false, lamports: 1064880, owner: [PublicKey], rentEpoch: 229 }, pubkey: PublicKey { _bn: &lt;BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669&gt; } } ] */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;accounts for {}, {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> -d <span class="token string">&#39; {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:1, &quot;method&quot;:&quot;getProgramAccounts&quot;, &quot;params&quot;:[&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;]} &#39;</span> <span class="token comment"># Output</span> <span class="token comment"># {&quot;jsonrpc&quot;:&quot;2.0&quot;,&quot;result&quot;:[{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:228},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd&quot;},{&quot;account&quot;:{&quot;data&quot;:&quot;fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ&quot;,&quot;executable&quot;:false,&quot;lamports&quot;:1064880,&quot;owner&quot;:&quot;6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U&quot;,&quot;rentEpoch&quot;:229},&quot;pubkey&quot;:&quot;5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr&quot;}],&quot;id&quot;:1}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-menutup-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-menutup-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana Cara Menutup Akun</h2><p>Anda bisa menutup akun (termasuk menghapus semua data yang di simpan) dengan cara menghilangkan semua SOL. (refer ke <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> untuk info lebih lanjut)</p><h4 id="program-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// remember to deploy your program first</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> newAccountKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">new account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">create account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createNewAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">close account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>closeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-balance-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-balance-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana Cara Mendapatkan Balance Akun</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;The account {}, has {} SOL &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair <span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&quot;solana.hpp&quot;</span></span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;public_key = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;balance = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> balance <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://api.devnet.solana.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Jika kita mau mendapatkan token balance, kita harus mengetahui alamat dari sebuah token akun. Untuk info lebih lanjut, lihat <a href="/id/references/token.html" class="">Token References</a></p></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/id/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/id/references/programs.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="id-ID"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.36"> <style> :root { --c-bg: #fff; } html.dark { --c-bg: #22272e; } html, body { background-color: var(--c-bg); } </style> <script> const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme'); const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) { document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true); } </script> <meta name="title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Referensi Program Solana"><meta name="og:title" content="Buku Panduan Solana | Referensi Program Solana"><meta name="description" content="Belajar cara membuat sebuah program di Solana dengan referensi invokasi cross program, membaca akun, dan lainnya."><meta name="og:description" content="Belajar cara membuat sebuah program di Solana dengan referensi invokasi cross program, membaca akun, dan lainnya."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Menulis Program | Buku Panduan Solana</title> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.db98f647.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/programs.html.135d8a1e.js"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style.fecd2c41.css"> </head> <body> <div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="toggle sidebar" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/id/" class=""><!----><span class="site-name can-hide">Buku Panduan Solana</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><button class="toggle-dark-button" title="toggle dark mode"><svg style="" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 12.005a4 4 0 1 1-4 4a4.005 4.005 0 0 1 4-4m0-2a6 6 0 1 0 6 6a6 6 0 0 0-6-6z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 6.813l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506L8.9 10.318z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M2 15.005h5v2H2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M5.394 25.197L8.9 21.691l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 25.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 23.106l1.414-1.415l3.506 3.506l-1.414 1.414z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M25 15.005h5v2h-5z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M21.687 8.904l3.506-3.506l1.414 1.415l-3.506 3.505z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M15 2.005h2v5h-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="display:none;" class="icon" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.502 5.414a15.075 15.075 0 0 0 11.594 18.194a11.113 11.113 0 0 1-7.975 3.39c-.138 0-.278.005-.418 0a11.094 11.094 0 0 1-3.2-21.584M14.98 3a1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.175.016a13.096 13.096 0 0 0 1.825 25.981c.164.006.328 0 .49 0a13.072 13.072 0 0 0 10.703-5.555a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-.783-1.565A13.08 13.08 0 0 1 15.89 4.38A1.015 1.015 0 0 0 14.98 3z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div id="docsearch-container"></div></div></header><!--]--><div class="sidebar-mask"></div><!--[--><aside class="sidebar"><nav class="navbar-items"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Kontribusi"><!--[--><!--]--> Kontribusi <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><div class="navbar-dropdown-wrapper"><button class="navbar-dropdown-title" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/zh/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="中文(简体)"><!--[--><!--]--> 中文(简体) <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/es/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Spanish"><!--[--><!--]--> Spanish <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/pt/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Português"><!--[--><!--]--> Português <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/de/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Deutsch"><!--[--><!--]--> Deutsch <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/vi/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Tiếng Việt"><!--[--><!--]--> Tiếng Việt <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Memulai <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Buku Panduan Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Buku Panduan Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Instalasi"><!--[--><!--]--> Instalasi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Konsep Utama <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Panduan <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mendapatkan Akun Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Mendapatkan Akun Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialisasi Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialisasi Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrasi Akun Data Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrasi Akun Data Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Peta Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Peta Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debug Program Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Debug Program Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pengujian Paritas Fitur"><!--[--><!--]--> Pengujian Paritas Fitur <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referensi <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/id/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Development Lokal"><!--[--><!--]--> Development Lokal <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs &amp; Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs &amp; Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Menulis Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Menulis Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-mentransfer-sol-di-dalam-sebuah-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara mentransfer SOL di dalam sebuah program"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara mentransfer SOL di dalam sebuah program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-waktu-dalam-sebuah-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara mendapatkan waktu dalam sebuah program"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara mendapatkan waktu dalam sebuah program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#passing-waktu-sebagai-sebuah-account-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Passing Waktu sebagai sebuah account di dalam sebuah instruksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Passing Waktu sebagai sebuah account di dalam sebuah instruksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#mengakses-waktu-secara-langsung-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengakses Waktu secara langsung di dalam sebuah instruksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengakses Waktu secara langsung di dalam sebuah instruksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-merubah-size-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara merubah size akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara merubah size akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-untuk-membuat-program-cross-invocation" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara untuk membuat program Cross Invocation"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara untuk membuat program Cross Invocation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-membaca-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membaca akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membaca akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-men-verifikasi-akun" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara men-verifikasi akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara men-verifikasi akun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/id/references/programs.html#bagaimana-cara-membaca-beberapa-instruksi-dalam-sebuah-transaksi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Bagaimana cara membaca beberapa instruksi dalam sebuah transaksi"><!--[--><!--]--> Bagaimana cara membaca beberapa instruksi dalam sebuah transaksi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFT"><!--[--><!--]--> NFT <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Mengirim Transaksi Offline"><!--[--><!--]--> Mengirim Transaksi Offline <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/id/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="menulis-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#menulis-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Menulis Program</h1><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mentransfer-sol-di-dalam-sebuah-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mentransfer-sol-di-dalam-sebuah-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara mentransfer SOL di dalam sebuah program</h2><p>Program Solana anda dapat mentransfer lamports dari sebuah akun ke akun lainnya tanpa &#39;invoke&#39; program system. Aturan dasar adalah program anda dapat mentransfer lamports dari akun mana saja yang <strong>dimiliki</strong> oleh program anda ke semua akun.</p><p>Penerima akun <strong>tidak harus menjadi</strong> sebuah akun yang dimilik oleh program anda.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span> <span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span> <span class="token comment">/// to your program</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Get the &#39;from&#39; and &#39;to&#39; accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Extract a service &#39;fee&#39; of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span> <span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span> <span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-waktu-dalam-sebuah-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-mendapatkan-waktu-dalam-sebuah-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara mendapatkan waktu dalam sebuah program</h2><p>Mendapatkan waktu dapat dilakukan melalui 2 cara</p><ol><li>Passing <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> ke sebuah instruksi</li><li>Mengakses waktu secara langsung di dalam sebuah instruksi.</li></ol><p>Adalah baik untuk mengetahui dua cara tersebut, karena beberapa legacy program masih memerlukan <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> sebagai sebuah akun.</p><h3 id="passing-waktu-sebagai-sebuah-account-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#passing-waktu-sebagai-sebuah-account-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Passing Waktu sebagai sebuah account di dalam sebuah instruksi</h3><p>Mari membuat sebuah instruksi yang menerima sebuah akun untuk menginisiasi dan sysvar pubkey</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Clock sys var</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Clock sysvar</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> sysvar_clock_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Now we pass the clock&#39;s sysvar public address via the client</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="mengakses-waktu-secara-langsung-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mengakses-waktu-secara-langsung-di-dalam-sebuah-instruksi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mengakses Waktu secara langsung di dalam sebuah instruksi</h3><p>Mari membuat sebuah instruksi yang sama, tetapi tanpa mengharapkan <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> dari client side.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting clock directly</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Current Timestamp: {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Instruksi di client side sekarang hanya perlu diberikan state dan akun pembayar.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> accountSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-merubah-size-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-merubah-size-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara merubah size akun</h2><p>Anda dapat merubah size program yang dimliiki dengan mengunakan <code>realloc</code>. <code>realloc</code> dapat meresize sebuah akun sampai 10KB. Ketika anda mengunakan <code>realloc</code> untuk menambah size dari sebuah akun, anda haru mentransfer lamport secara berurutan untuk menjaga agar akun rent-exempt.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Length = BOOL + VEC + Pubkey * n (n = number of keys)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;input: {:?}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Initialize&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AddKey</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;AddKey&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-untuk-membuat-program-cross-invocation" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-untuk-membuat-program-cross-invocation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara untuk membuat program Cross Invocation</h2><p>Program cross invocaction hanya dengan memanggil instruksi program lainnya di dalam program kita. Salah satu contoh yang baik untuk menghasilkan adalah dengan fungsi <code>swap</code> di Uniswap. <code>UniswapV2Router</code> contract, memanggil logic yang diperlukan untuk swap, dana memanggil fungsi <code>ERC20</code> contract transfer untuk swap dari seseorang ke lainnya. Hal yang sama, kieta dapat memanggil sebuah instruksi program untuk dapat menghasilkan banyak tujuan.</p><p>Mari kita lihat contoh instruksi pertama kita <code>SPL Token Program&#39;s transfer</code>. Akun-akun yang kita perlukan untuk menjadikan sebuah transfer adalah</p><ol><li>The Source Token Account (Akun yang memegang tokens kita)</li><li>The Destination Token Account (Akun yang ingin kita transferkan token kita)</li><li>The Source Token Account&#39;s Holder (alamat wallet kita yang akan kita gunakan untuk sign-in)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder&#39;s PubKey</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account to send to</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> destination_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. Our wallet address</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account_holder <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4. Token Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Result&lt;Instruction, ProgramError&gt;) Ok(Instruction { program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER accounts, data, }) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><br><p>Korespondensi instruksi client adalah sebagai berikut. Untuk mengetahui mint dan instruksi pembuatan token, tolong lihat ke full code sekitar. <br><br></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> u64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/spl-token&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Mint and token accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Numbers</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for mint account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createMintAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> mintRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> mintDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing mint with decimals and authority</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeMintIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mintAuthority</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freezeAuthority</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for source token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> mintTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMintToInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for destination token account</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (transfer)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> createMintAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeMintIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br><span class="line-number">161</span><br><span class="line-number">162</span><br><span class="line-number">163</span><br><span class="line-number">164</span><br><span class="line-number">165</span><br><span class="line-number">166</span><br><span class="line-number">167</span><br><span class="line-number">168</span><br><span class="line-number">169</span><br><span class="line-number">170</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Mari sekarang lihat contoh lainnya yang adalah instruksi <code>System Program&#39;s create_account</code>. Ada beberapa perbedaan sedikit antara instruksi yang disebutkan diatas dan ini. Di atas, kita tidak pernah memerlukan <code>token_program</code> untuk dipass sebagai sebuah akun di dalam fungsi <code>invoke</code>. Namun, ada beberapa pengecualian dimana anda perlu untuk pass instruksi untuk meng-invoke <code>program_id</code>. Dalam kasus ini, itu adalah <code>System Program&#39;s</code> program_id. (&quot;11111111111111111111111111111111&quot;). Jadi akun-akun yang diperlukan sekarang akan menjadi</p><ol><li>Akun pembayar akun yang akan mendanai rent</li><li>Akun yang akan dibuat</li><li>Akun System Program</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>create_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span> <span class="token comment">// 1. Payer account for the state account creation</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2. Token account we hold</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> general_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3. System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Creating account for {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span> <span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span> <span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span> <span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span> <span class="token comment">/* Internal representation of the instruction&#39;s return value (Instruction) Instruction::new_with_bincode( system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER &amp;SystemInstruction::CreateAccount { lamports, space, owner: *owner, }, account_metas, ) */</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issused program_id)</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transfer successful&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Code di client side akan terlihat seperti ini</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bn.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Users</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;le&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Our program&#39;s CPI instruction (create_account)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membuat-sebuah-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah PDA</h2><p>Program Derived Address hanyalah sebuah program yang dimiliki oleh program, tetapi tidak memiliki private key. Sebaliknya signature-nya didapat dari set of seeds dan sebuah bump (sebuah nonce yang memastikannya untuk keluar kurva). &quot;<strong>Men-generate</strong>&quot; sebuah Program Address berbeda dari &quot;<strong>membuat</strong>&quot;nya. Seseorang dapat mengenerate sebuah PDA dengan mengunakan <code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code>. Membuat sebuah PDA pada essensinya berarti mengininisasi alamat dengan kapasitas dan men-set state ke dalamnya. Sebuah akun Keypair normal dapat dibuat dari luar program kita dan kemudian diperintahkan untuk menginisasikan statenya. Sayangnya, untuk PDA-PDA harus dibuat dalam chain, oleh sebab naturenya yang tidak dapat disign on atas namanya sendiri.Jadi kita memerlukan <code>invoke_signed</code> untuk men-pass PDA seeds, bersama dengan signature akun yang mendanai yang menghasilkan pembuatan akun PDA.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Funding account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] PDA account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting required accounts</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Getting PDA Bump from instruction data</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if passed PDA and expected PDA are equal</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">b&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> pda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Assessing required lamports and creating transaction instruction</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Invoking the instruction but with PDAs as additional signer</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Setting state for PDA</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Seseorang dapat mengirim akun yang diperlukan melalui client dalam contoh berikut</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@solana/web3.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Airdop to Payer</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">PDA Pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Created PDA successfully. Tx Hash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;devnet&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;confirmed&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&quot;6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;customaddress&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membaca-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membaca-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membaca akun</h2><p>Hampir semua instruksi di dalam Solana memerlukan sekurang-kurangnya 2 - 3 akun, dan mereka perlu di-mentioned melalui instruction handlers mengenai apa yang diharapkan dari set akun tersebut. Adalah sangat mudah jika kita mengambil keuntungan dari <code>iter()</code> method dalam Rust, dibandingkan dengan men-index akun-akun secara manual. <code>next_account_info</code> method pada dasarnya men-slices index pertama yang dapat diiterasi dan mengembalikan kehadiran akun di dalam array akun-akun. Mari kita lihat instruksi sederhana yang mengharapkan beberapa akun dan perlu untuk mengurai masing-masing akun.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Rent account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 4. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> _program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Rent account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-men-verifikasi-akun" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-men-verifikasi-akun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara men-verifikasi akun</h2><p>Karena program-program di Solana adalah stateless, kita sebagai pembuat program harus memastikan validasi akun-akun yang yang dipass sebanyak mungkin untuk menghindari masuknya akun yang disusupi (<em>malicious</em>). Hal dasar yang dapat kita lakukan adalah:</p><ol><li>Periksa apakah akun signer yang diharapkan bener-benar sudah sign</li><li>Periksa apakah state akun yang diharapkan sudah dicheck sebagai writeable</li><li>Periksa apakah state pemilik akun yang diharapkan adalah id program yang dipanggil</li><li>Jika menginisasi state untuk pertama kali, periksa apakah akun sudah ter-inisiasi atau belum.</li><li>Periksa apakah ada id-id cross program yang dipass (kapanpun diperlukan) sudah seperti yang diharapkan.</li></ol><p>Dibawah ini, instruksi dasar yang menginisiasi sebuah hero state acccount, tetapi dengan pemeriksaan yang disebutkan diatas</p><p>A basic instruction which initializes a hero state account, but with the above mentioned checks is defined below</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span> <span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span> <span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span> <span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Payer account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// System Program</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account&#39;s owner is the current program</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Account initialized :)&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="bagaimana-cara-membaca-beberapa-instruksi-dalam-sebuah-transaksi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bagaimana-cara-membaca-beberapa-instruksi-dalam-sebuah-transaksi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Bagaimana cara membaca beberapa instruksi dalam sebuah transaksi</h2><p>Solana memberikan kita kemampuan untuk mengintip semua instruksi-instruksi dalam transaksi berjalan. Kita dapat menyimpannya di dalam sebuah variable dan mengulanginya lagi. Kita dapat melakukan banyak hal dengan ini, seperti memeriksa transaksi yang mencurigakan.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press &lt;/&gt; button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token namespace">prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> sysvar<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">serialize_utils<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>read_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_u16<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">cookbook</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">read_multiple_instruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creator_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> program_id <span class="token operator">!=</span> id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Transaction had ix with program id {}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(creator_bump:u8)]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(address = sysvar::instructions::id())]</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&#39;info</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span> <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;No instructions found&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">&quot;Suspicious transaction detected&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: [email protected]">akangaziz</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/id/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Akun"><!--[--><!--]--> Akun <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/id/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interaksi dengan Token"><!--[--><!--]--> Interaksi dengan Token <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div> <script type="module" src="/assets/app.07ce7a66.js" defer></script> </body> </html>
0